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Biomedical subjects

G Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to G Schmid.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Legal and political aspects of the regulation of chemicals: Swiss environmental protection law.

The premises for regulations in the field of ecology demonstrate clear scientific deficiency regarding basic relations in technical and scientific aspects but also a deep political disagreement on how to cope with them. These characteristics result in a new kind of law whose prime notion is to satisfy a social concern. The Swiss ecology regulation may be qualified as a so-called "tentative legislation." The structure of this kind of legislation is shown in the use of unclear notions, goal-oriented rules, and deviation to governmental and administrative regulation and may even lead to a more or less symbolic use of legislation.

Environmental Pollution↗
PubMed1985

[The Munich obstetric instruments for cattle. Use during the birth of calves in VEL].

The consequent use of the Munich obstetrics instruments can lower the dystochia rate of cows. Based upon the measured traction energy, it is possible to give an objective prognosis of the further process of parturition. By the aid of the traction energy, measured during one labour, the decision to the C. section at the time can get easier. Beside the better survival changes of the calf, injuries of the cow, happened during the delivery, will be extensively avoidable.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Calmodulin content in specific brain areas.

A radioimmunoassay was used to measure the calmodulin content in eleven brain areas of the rat. Calmodulin showed an uneven distribution. Various cortical regions, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala and substantia grisea were highest in calmodulin content (15 micrograms/mg protein). Locus coeruleus, nucleus tractus solitarii (+A2 region) and A1 region, contained 7 micrograms calmodulin per mg protein and the cerebellum 4 micrograms/mg.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cation excretion and kallikrein secretion by the rat parotid gland in various hypertensive models.

The major salivary glands are distinguished by a high kallikrein content, localized particularly in regions with intense electrolyte transport (the apical border of striated duct cells and the luminal border of the main excretory ducts). For this reason we used the parotid gland as a test model for investigations on electrolyte (sodium and potassium) and kallikrein transport in various forms of experimental hypertension [spontaneously hypertensive rats, renovascular (two-kidney one-clip) hypertension, and deoxycorticosterone trimethylacetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension]. As compared with values for the controls, the sodium concentration in parotid saliva was decreased in all hypertensive models studied, indicating enhanced sodium reabsorption in the glandular duct system. In DOCA-salt hypertension the flow rate dependency of the sodium concentration was preserved. In contrast, in genetic and renovascular hypertension, the decreased sodium concentration was independent of the salivary flow rate. Salivary potassium concentration showed an inverse relationship to sodium level and was slightly increased in DOCA-salt and renovascular hypertension. In genetic hypertension potassium concentration in saliva was lowered. Salivary kallikrein activity was enhanced in all forms of hypertension studied, with the highest increase in genetic hypertension (factor 3.5), followed by DOCA-salt hypertension (factor 3.0) and finally by renovascular hypertension (factor 2.5). The pathogenesis of the exaggerated kallikrein secretion observed in hypertension is discussed with regard to a counterregulatory mechanism as well as sympathicoadrenergic activation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Rapid axoplasmic transport of free leucine.

Axoplasmic transport of free 3H-leucine has been studied in vivo in the pike olfactory nerve following application of labeled leucine to the olfactory mucosa. A considerable amount of free 3H-leucine is transported at constant velocity along the axon in the form of a distinct peak. The maximum transport velocity for free 3H-leucine is the same as for rapidly transported 3H-protein (130 and 135 mm/day, respectively, at 19 degrees C). Microtubule inhibitors block or significantly reduce the amount of free 3H-leucine transported, but do not influence the transport velocity. Disruption of the oxygen supply abolishes free 3H-leucine transport, so that this phenomenon cannot be explained by diffusion. The amount of free leucine in the rapidly moving peak decreases with time and distance along the axon and is not detectable after 5 h or more. The transported 3H-leucine is not derived from the circulation or from proteolysis of rapidly transported proteins. This study may help to resolve the controversy over the axoplasmic transport of free amino acids since it shows that free 3H-leucine is transported rapidly but does not travel by rapid axoplasmic transport to the end of axons longer than about 30 mm.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[5-isosorbide mononitrate at rest and on exercise in coronary heart disease: acute and long-term effect].

Haemodynamic effects of 5-isosorbide mononitrate (5-ISMN) were studied at rest and on exercise in 31 patients with angiographically confirmed coronary heart disease. A decrease in arterial blood pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure without significant change in heart rate, cardiac output and stroke volume occurred both at rest and on exercise after 20 mg of 5-ISMN to 12 patients. Administration of 50 mg 5-ISMN to 19 patients achieved greater decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure; cardiac output and stroke volume were highly significantly reduced at rest, while on exercise both cardiac output and stroke volume remained unchanged. Ten patients, in whom after a single dose of 50 mg 5-ISMN the mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest and on exercise had decreased 28% and 45%, respectively, with a definite rise in exercise tolerance, repeat acute administration of a single dose of 50 kmg 5-ISMN produced a fall in mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest by 20% after 50 mg three times daily for four weeks. On exercise the fall was only 14% below the control levels before treatment. In addition, exercise tolerance was reduced. These results indicate that acute administration of 5-ISMN at rest and on exercise decreases cardiac work load. But on chronic administration of high doses, tolerance to the drug may develop.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Enzymic synthesis of lignin precursors. Purification and properties of UDP glucose: coniferyl-alcohol glucosyltransferase from cambial sap of spruce (Picea abies L.).

UDPglucose:coniferyl-alcohol glucosyltransferase was isolated from cambial sap of spruce (Picea abies). An apparently homogeneous enzyme was obtained by a seven-step procedure including dye-ligand chromatography. The enzyme has an Mr of about 50 000 and consists of one polypeptide chain. Transferase activity is not influenced by metal ions. The enzyme shows a pronounced substrate specificity towards UDPglucose and coniferyl alcohol with Km values of respectively 220 microM and 250 microM. The only reaction product is coniferin (coniferyl alcohol 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside). No formation of 'isoconiferin' (coniferyl alcohol 1-O-beta-D-glucoside) was detected. The reversibility of the reaction was proved by formation of [3H]UDPglucose from [3H]UDP and coniferin in the presence of the transferase. The products UDP and coniferin inhibit the reaction noncompetitively. Product inhibition patterns are consistent with a mono-iso-ordered bibi mechanism involving two isomeric enzyme forms.

Cinnamates↗
PubMed1982

Acute changes in cyclic AMP levels of certain brain areas following intraventricular injection of renin in rats.

Actions of the central angiotensin system on brain cAMP concentrations were studied after intraventricular injection of renin. Biosynthesis of endogenous brain angiotensin II was stimulated by 0.1 U renin and the blood pressure was elevated 40 min after the application. Stimulation of the brain angiotensin system affected cAMP metabolism in several brain areas, mostly expressed as decreased cAMP levels. Significant decreases in cAMP concentrations were found in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, various hypothalamic nuclei, substantia nigra, central grey matter and in the locus coeruleus. The unchanged cAMP levels in the nucleus of the solitary tract might indicate that intraventricular injection of renin induced an acute blood pressure elevation which is not associated with changes in the cAMP system in the primary baroreceptor area.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1981

[Bacteriological examinations using the invagination catheter].

Quantitative and qualitative bacteriological studies have been performed on bladder urines taken by two different technics. Bladder urine was first obtained by suprapubic bladder aspiration. Immediately after the puncture another sample of bladder urine was obtained by the "invagination catheter" (only usable in women) transurethrally. In 80 consecutive parallel studies no differences were found in the bacterial counts, and only one difference were found in bacterial type. From the diagnostic point of view, therefore, the two methods were found to be equivalent. In another series of 52 patients catheterization by the invagination catheter was repeated at least 6 hours later without urination in the meantime. The bacteriologic results in the two corresponding specimens were exactly the same in all patients. Contrary to other transurethral methods, no introduction of bacterial agents into the bladder appears to occur with this method.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1981

Immunological comparison of ribosomal proteins from archaebacteria.

Antisera were raised in rabbits against ribosomal proteins of Methanobacterium bryantii and used to analyze immunological relationships to ribosomes from other archaebacteria, from eubacteria, and from yeasts. Cross-reaction could be detected within the methanogens and with a member of the extreme halophiles; the degree of immunological similarity reflected the relationship delineated by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid oligonucleotide analysis (Fox et al., Science 209:457-463, 1980). With the methods and the anti-total-protein sera employed, there was no detectable cross-reaction with ribosomal proteins or ribosomes from Sulfolobus sp., eubacteria, or yeast.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

Altered cyclic AMP levels in specific cardiovascular brain centers of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

The possible participation of cAMP in central regulation of arterial blood pressure was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Cyclic AMP concentrations of 36 microdissected individual brain areas-including primary and higher cardiovascular centers-were measured in adult SHR and compared with those of normotensive control rats of the same strain and age. In the adult SHR, elevated cAMP concentrations were found in brain areas which are in close connection with the central regulation of blood pressure: nucleus tractus solitarii, A1- and A2- catecholaminergic cell groups in the medulla oblongata, locus coeruleus, central grey matter (subnucleus medialis), and certain cortical areas (especially cingulate cortex and hippocampus). On the other hand, hypothalamic cell groups which have been also suggested to control blood pressure, such as paraventricular, anterior, ventromedial, dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamic nuclei, show lower concentrations of cAMP in the SHR than in normotensive controls. Cyclic AMP levels in 19 other brain areas of SHR which seem to be not involved in mechanisms of central blood pressure regulation practically do not differ from the values of normotensive rats. The results suggest that cAMP-dependent processes are involved in the regulatory mechanisms of central blood pressure control. The brain areas which show alterations of cAMP-levels are also distinguished by close neuronal connections to the baroreceptor reflex arc. It is supposed that these areas represent modulatory higher centers capable to affect baroreceptor reflex function.

Animals↗