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Biomedical subjects

G Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to G Schmid.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Oral nifedipine vs oral clonidine in the treatment of urgent hypertension.

Fifty-one patients with urgent hypertension were treated in the emergency department with either oral nifedipine or oral clonidine in a randomized double-blind prospective study. Nifedipine was administered as a single dose of 20 mg. Clonidine was administered as an initial dose of 0.1 mg with hourly doses of 0.1 mg. Nifedipine was successful in reducing diastolic blood pressure in 83% of the patients within 45 minutes and in 96% of the patients within two hours, with a mean reduction in systolic blood pressure of 47 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of 29 mm Hg. Thirty percent of those who initially responded to nifedipine experienced a subsequent increase in diastolic blood pressure to pretreatment levels within three hours. Clonidine was successful in reducing diastolic blood pressure in 79% of the patients within four hours, with a mean reduction in systolic blood pressure of 51 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of 30 mm Hg. Our results indicate that both nifedipine and clonidine are safe and effective in the treatment of urgent hypertension. Nifedipine had a much more rapid onset of action with a greater initial success rate, and it was free from the sedative side effects of clonidine. We believe that either nifedipine or clonidine may be used as first-line therapy in the treatment of urgent hypertension.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Glandular adenylate cyclase system in genetic hypertension: age-dependent response to catecholamines.

The parotid excretion of cAMP was measured in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in this study. In addition, adenylate cyclase activity in parotid gland tissue was determined. The cAMP excretion rate was increased immediately after isoproterenol infusion. This elevation was more pronounced in young (6-8 weeks) than in older (16-18 weeks) animals, both in WKY and in SHR. These data demonstrate a diminished cAMP response to isoproterenol application with respect to the age of the animals. This could indicate that there is an age-dependent functional alteration of the beta-adrenoceptor-adenylate cyclase complex. In agreement with the results of these in vivo studies, the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity of the parotid gland by isoproterenol or fluoride was enhanced in young SHR and lowered in old SHR when compared to their normotensive controls of the same age. One may conclude that the sympathetic activity is enhanced in young SHR, and that the beta-adrenoceptor system is hypersensitive to adrenoceptor agonists. This might contribute to the development of hypertension in SHR. Sixteen to eighteen weeks old SHR showed a diminished cAMP output following isoproterenol application when compared to normotensive control rats of the same age. The reduction of the response to isoproterenol stimulation in old SHR seems to be related to a reduced sensitivity to catecholamine stimulation.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1988

Preparation of cellodextrins and isolation of oligomeric side components and their characterization.

Cellodextrin (beta-1,4-glucose oligomer) mixtures are prepared by precipitation of oligomers with 1-propanol and ethanol after partial hydrolysis of cellulose with hydrochloric acid or by acetolysis of cellulose. Cellooligomers (DP3-DP8) can be isolated by high-resolution size-exclusion chromatography on Bio-Gel P 4 using water as eluent. Recycle operation of the columns allows the separation of oligomers up to a degree of polymerization of 12. However, ion-exchange chromatography of their borate complexes demonstrates the heterogeneity of cellodextrins, homogeneous according to size-exclusion chromatography. At least four secondary oligomeric components are observed in the different samples. By preparative affinity chromatography on phenyl-boronate-agarose two of these components could be purified and subsequently characterized. In one series of oligosaccharides the glucose unit at the reducing end of the beta-1,4-glucose oligomers is derivatized to fructose. This enolization reaction occurs during size-exclusion chromatography. The precipitation step with alkanols during preparation of oligomer mixtures generates oligomeric glycosides. Additionally, the formation of amines from respective beta-1,4-glucose oligomers is observed with the ammonium carbonate eluent used in affinity chromatography. Analysis methods combined to assess for the homogeneity of cellodextrins include enzyme- and acid-catalyzed (partial) hydrolysis of the different oligomers and subsequent analysis of degradation products by sugar borate chromatography; 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy; and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1988

Endocrine function after bone marrow transplantation without the use of preparative total body irradiation.

Ten children who underwent allogeneic (n = 5) or autologous (n = 5) bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for chronic myelogenous leukaemia (n = 2), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 1), acute myelogenous leukaemia (n = 2), severe aplastic anaemia (n = 2), malignant histiocytosis (n = 1), neuroblastoma (n = 1) and teratoma (n = 1) were assessed for endocrinological function. Transplant preparative regimens consisted of high-dose cyclophosphamide, high-dose cyclophosphamide in combination with high-dose busulphan, high-dose melphalan as well as BACT (BCNU, cytarabine, cyclophosphamide and 6-thioguanine) chemotherapy. None of the patients received total body irradiation (TBI). Median survival following BMT was 37 months (range 7-115). Growth hormone deficiency was present in only one patient; none of the patients had abnormal thyroid or adrenocortical function. This is in contrast to previous reports in which growth hormone deficiency and abnormal thyroid and adrenocortical function occurred in a much higher percentage of patients after BMT conditioned with TBI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Hydrops fetalis as an indication for prenatal chromosome analysis with the example of the diagnosis of a duplication 15q11 and 17q25 due to a familial translocation 15/17.

A child with a combined trisomy 15q11 and 17q25 shows the typical phenotype of partial duplication 17q. The male fetus developed in the 3rd trimenon of pregnancy a nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF). Analysing the chromosomes of 54 cases with NIHF during the 2nd and 3rd trimenon and after birth we found chromosomal abnormalities in 33% of them.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1987

Prostacyclin (PGI2) induces rapid depletion of cyclic AMP levels in brain nuclei of rats.

Intravenous injection of prostacyclin (100 micrograms/kg) in rats resulted in a decrease of systolic blood pressure within 2 minutes. Concentrations of cAMP in 15 brain regions and nuclei were determined by radioimmunoassay. In lower brain stem nuclei, such as the nucleus of the solitary tract and the lateral reticular nucleus (A1 and C1 catecholaminergic cell groups) cAMP levels were depleted significantly, while in others, including the locus coeruleus and the periaqueductal central gray, cAMP levels did not show any alterations. Levels of cAMP were also depleted in some of the hypothalamic nuclei (periventricular, anterior hypothalamic, ventromedial), and in cerebral cortical areas. Lowered cAMP levels in brain areas might indicate lower cellular activity in cells participating in baroreceptor control mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Determination of glycated hemoglobin by affinity chromatography.

An affinity chromatography microcolumn assay for glycated hemoglobin was compared with electrophoretic and microcolumn ion exchange methods. The affinity method has an imprecision of less than 4% for non-diabetic and less than 2% for diabetic specimens. The method is neither affected by carbamylated or acetylated hemoglobin nor by high glucose concentrations. Method comparisons showed discordant results due to interferences in electrophoretic and ion exchange methods in 3%-6.5% of all cases. Nonlinear relationships between affinity methods on one hand and electrophoretic as well as ion exchange methods on the other indicate that the affinity method measures not only beta-terminal glycated hemoglobin but all glycated hemoglobins, providing enhanced sensitivity and diagnostic value.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1987

Alterations in the adenylate cyclase-cAMP-phosphodiesterase system in the locus coeruleus during the development of spontaneous hypertension of the rat.

The quantitatively most important noradrenergic cell group of the brain is the locus coeruleus. Significantly increased cAMP concentration could be measured in spontaneously hypertensive rats in comparison to normotensive Wistar-Kyoto control rats at every stage investigated. Furthermore, both the basal activity and maximal stimulation of Ca++- and GTP-dependent adenylate cyclase as well as phosphodiesterase activity were significantly decreased in the spontaneously hypertensive rats at 14 weeks of age. The possible role of the locus coeruleus in spontaneous hypertension is presumed in counterregulatory mechanisms against rising blood pressure.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1987

Insulinhypoglycemia but not arginine infusion stimulates circulating plasma growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) concentrations in children.

The effect of insulinhypoglycemia and arginine infusion on circulating concentrations of plasma growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone (GH) has been studied in 24 children (4.4 to 14.3 years). Plasma GH and GHRH concentrations were determined by RIA. Basal plasma GHRH levels were detectable in the plasma of all patients ranging from 6.8 to 27.1 pg/ml. Injection of 0.1 U/kg body wt. insulin i.v. resulted in an increase of plasma GHRH levels (11.1 +/- 1.4 pg/ml vs. 18.8 +/- 2.6 pg/ml; P less than 0.01) preceding that of plasma GH (1.5 +/- 0.4 ng/ml vs. 13.6 +/- 1.3 ng/ml; P less than 0.01). Infusion of 0.5 gm/kg body wt. arginine hydrochloride did increase GH concentrations (2.0 +/- 0.6 ng/ml vs. 13.9 +/- 2.3 ng/ml; P less than 0.01) but did not change circulating plasma GHRH levels. Since the source of peripheral GHRH concentrations is not known the importance of these findings remains to be determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Investigation of the action mechanism of a cellodextrin glucohydrolase using soluble cellodextrins as substrates.

A mathematical model was developed that can satisfactorily describe the system of parallel and series reactions during the degradation of cellodextrins by a glucohydrolase in batch experiments. The enzyme sequentially splits off glucose units from the oligomer chains. Using a thin-channel membrane reactor, the model was then shown to be able to predict the conversion of cellohexaose in continuous experiments. This has, to the best of our knowledge, been the first time that such an oligosaccharide conversion has been experimentally followed and modeled for a continuous stirred tank reactor.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1987

[Cystic hygroma of the neck and non-immunologic hydrops fetalis].

Fetal cystic hygromas are a manifestation of early lymphatic obstruction. They are mostly associated with nonimmune hydrops fetalis. They often occur in a number of chromosome abnormalities (Turner syndrome and Down syndrome). We report on a prenatally detected case with nuchal cystic hygroma and nonimmune hydrops fetalis without chromosome aberration and without further major malformations. Postnatally hygroma and hydrops regressed.

Ascites↗
PubMed1987

[Resuscitation of puppies after cesarean section].

The neonatal depression of puppies, developed by C-section, can be treated effectively by the application of 0.1-0.2 ml Narcanti respectively Narcanti Neonatal (Naloxon) right after development. The technique of the intravenous injection in newborn puppies is simple and easy to learn.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

An automated method for the quasi-continuous analysis of degradation and transfer products during the enzymatic hydrolysis of oligosaccharides.

A method is presented which allows for the automated quasi-continuous analysis of the degradation and transfer products developing during the enzymatic hydrolysis of oligosaccharides. A liquid chromatographic system is integrated into the bypass of a small batch reactor which makes it possible to take oligomer spectra without any manual sample processing being necessary. The time intervals between analyses are substantially reduced by making use of an overlapping analysis technique. Postcolumn derivatization with an orcinol sulfuric acid reagent gives a high sensitivity for carbohydrates. The great potential of this method is demonstrated for the characterization of a beta-glucosidase (pI 8.4) from Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 and an alpha 1,4-glucan glucohydrolase from Aspergillus niger with cellotetraose and maltohexaose as examplary substrates.

Aspergillus niger↗
PubMed1986

Participation of various brain nuclei in the altered time course of genetic hypertension in SHR dependent on changes in calcium metabolism.

Variations in calcium alimentation influence the development of high blood pressure in genetic hypertensive rats. Different calcium feeding and changes in parathyroid hormone status cause altered cAMP-content in specific brain areas. All animals with high calcium diet show significant elevated cAMP-content in the locus coeruleus, irrespective of parathyroid status. These findings support the hypothesis that elevated cAMP-concentrations reflect an increased depressor activity of the locus coeruleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Intraventricular cerebral hemorrhage in the fetus as a cause of congenital hydrocephalus. A contribution to the origin of congenital hydrocephalus].

Three newborns with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus after fetal cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage are presented. In all 3 patients hydrocephalus internus was already prenatally diagnosed. Cerebral ultrasound postnatally performed revealed findings of old cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage. Severe factor VIII deficiency was found in one of the patients. The possible connexion of fetal intraventricular hemorrhage with coagulopathy of the fetus has not yet been defined.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1985

Mitoses and binucleated cells in perinatal human hearts.

Cells from hardened formalin-fixed human hearts were isolated with potash lye. In perinatal hearts mitoses and evidence of irregular chromosomal movement such as chromatin bridges and micronuclei were observed in small numbers during normal development. A quantitative analysis of binucleated cells shows 8.8 +/- 5.3% in the left and 11.7 +/- 4.0% in the right ventricular wall around the time of birth. The number increases during the first year of life to 56.8 +/- 17.4% in the left and 42.0 +/- 18.1% in the right heart. This development precedes normal polyploidisation of the human heart by years.

Cell Count↗