Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Schaeg.
Dependent on the direction in which the specimens are sectioned annular shaped nexus of neighbouring cell membranes may be misinterpreted as "virus like particles". It is suggested that many of the "virus like particles" described in tumor research may be annulate nexus.
The ultrastructural characteristics of on hitherto unknown disturbance of collagen precursor molecules in human skin were studied. A severe disturbance of the synthesis of collagen exists at the procollagen stage. The paracrystalline accumulation of a form of procollagen in the tubes of the smooth ER and an increase in its appearance in the extracellular space, distinguish this clinical picture from all other previously described connective tissue disorders, especially from Dermatosparaxis and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII. For this clinical picture we suggest the name "Dermatosparaxis endoplasmatica".
In Kaposi's sarcoma (K.S.) the regular metabolism between endothelial cell, extracellular matrix and fibrocyte is disturbed. Thereby the composition of the extracellular matrix change and via a feed-back to the CNS and hormonal system in return changes of endothelial cells and fibrocytes appear. Processing of misinformation sum up in transformation of fibrocytes to tumor cells and destruction of endothelial cells. Initial a widening of the interendothelial borders of the capillary bed seem to be of great importance for the pathogenesis of K.S., because for long time spaces lymphedemas preceed the tumor. With this immunoreactions occur which probably are accompanied by autoimmuno-processes
The morphology of the globule leukocyte (GL) has been investigated by light and electron microscopy in normal (decidua of mouse placenta) and pathologically altered tissues (tumors of epidermis and mucous membrane in men). The results make it probable that the GL my originate from mast cells as well as from eosinophil granulocytes. The high content of basic proteins within the globules of GL has been interpreted as a nutritive function by this cell type to the surrounding tissue.
A 44 years old male is reported who had aquired dermatochalasis and urticaria pigmentosa at the same time. This is interpreted as a subsequent phenomenon of a dermatosparaxis endoplasmatica. Clinic, histology and electron microscopy are elaborated. Systemic involvement is verified by x-rays. Histologically, predominant is the severe atrophy of the elastica, the collagenous degeneration, the presence of mastocytes, the subepidermal blister formation and the secondary xanthomatosis. The picture deviates from the common dermatosparaxis occuring in calves by the paracrystalline content of the procollagene in the endoplasmatic reticulum as verified by electron microscopy. A severe disturbance of the synthesis of collagene exists in the state of procollagene for which here the term "dermatosparaxis endoplasmatica" is suggested.
By combination of light, electron-microscopical and histochemical findings in the myocardium of dog and mice, the hypothesis of an intimate contact between a widely branched interstitial cell type, rich in proteoglycans, and myocardial cells could be strengthened. The branches seem to penetrate the transversal tubular system of the myocardial cells. Functionally, this interstitial (mast cell-like) cell type might influence via proteoglycans - delivered into the transversal tubuli - the excitation phenomena of the myocardial cell membrane. One of the earliest pathomorphological changes in the myocardium, as revealed by the light-microscopie, is the disengagement of these interstitial cells and the myocardial cells. From this point of view the genesis of myocardial cell necrosis has been discussed.
Ultrastructural findings concerning the terminal vegetative nerve formation indicate a functional coupling via proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix with effector cells. The biological function of proteoglycans in the ground substance and in surface coats of axons and cells are discussed in connection with fusiform varicose swellings along terminal vegetative nerve fibers. These contain accumulated vesicles which probably are active in releasing transmitter substances.
Results of an ultrastructural investigation of 4 tumors resp. hyperplasias of skin (endometriom, lymphadenosis cutis benigna Bäfverstedt, mastozytom, oral papillomatosis) show that the substance of granules from mastcells and eosinophilic granulocytes influence the composition and synthesis of the groundsubstance and its fibrous materials. Synthesis of the groundsubstance by fibrocyte like cells can be affected by intracytoplasmic uptake of the granules or by liberated granules which can change the composition of the groundsubstance. Fibrocyte like cells can take up the granules direct from the groundsubstance and (or) possibly by intercytoplasmic bridges ("Fursome"). Composition and synthesis of groundsubstance and fibrous elements are related by a feedback system. Therefore an irregular composed groundsubstance cause an irregular synthesis by fibrocyte like cells and vice versa. From that a circulus vitiosus arise that, by our opinion, may contribute to the development of tumors, resp. hyperplasias of skin with essential participation of the connective tissue.
Viscosities of cell suspensions of human skin epithelium (NCTC strain 2544) were determined by a Wells-Brookfield rotation viscosimeter. A structure viscosity may be postulated by the form of the viscosity curves at different shear-rates. At a cell number of 0.5 X 10(6) cells/ml a viscosity of 1.094 centipoise (25degrees C, shear-rate 230 s-1) could be found. Since a suspension of single cells may be easily formed mechanically (mopping) the NCTC 2544 cells are useful as investigational model regarding the investigation of membrane characteristics.
Light- and electron microscopical investigations of the pathogenesis of Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis can support those views which consider the Schwanncells in these tumors to develop from mesenchymal cells, that means from reticular fibroblasts. It seems to be of special interest that these cells while transforming to Schwann cells become successive coated with a glycocalyx (surface coat); The whirle-or onion skin like formation of the tumor cells lead to a splitting of the ground substance into numerous compartments accompanied by a change in ground substance composition. This obviously cohere with an increasing number of mast cells within the tumor. It may be that these arrangements of the tumor tissue plays an important part in tumor growth. With this, the great importance of a regular composition of the extracellular matrix and cell surface coats for an undisturbed flow of information from cell to cell is discussed.
Preterminal nerve fibers of the peripheral vegetative nervous system make inmediate contact (neuro-effector-areas) to interstitial cells (I.C.). This connection is characterized through a common glycocalyx with the nerve fiber. The I.C. are specific innervated cells and differ morphologically from Schwann-cells, fibrocytes, and histiocytes. The I.C. are able to come into morphologically different contacts with neighbouring cells by microvilli-like cell protrusions. These neighbouring cells then are able to contact other cells by themselves. The results are interpreted in the sense of electro-mechanical feed-back system of information processing in the vegetative periphery.
Basallaminae of Schwanncell ensheathed axons and "naked" axons respectively have contact areas between the endformation of the peripheral vegetative nervious system and gröundsubstance. The latter, however, merges directly in the glycocalyces of connective tissue cells and organ cells. These cells may be related to one another (i.e. microvilli, cell processes, glycocalyces etc.) or will form "neuroeffector areas" together with pre- and terminal peripheral vegetative nerve fibers. On the other hand axon swellings might discharge their neurotransmitter substances into the ground substance in such way the neighbouring cells might be influenced ("synapse on distance"). Mast cells may act as regulators of the relationships in the groundsubstance. This because of the connections of mast cells with the peripheral nervous system and consequently with the CNS and the hormonale system. Thus the vegetative periphery as a whole would form a functional unit.
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