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Biomedical subjects

G Samsioe

Publications and source records attributed to G Samsioe.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA) on serum lipoproteins when administered alone and in combination with ethinyl estradiol (EE).

The effects of serum lipids and lipoproteins of 2 mg cyproterone acetate (CPA) given alone and in combination with 35 or 50 micrograms ethinyl estradiol (EE) were studied in 21 oophorectomized women in a study with a cross-over design. CPA in this low oral dose was rather inert in its effects on lipoprotein lipids. It induced only a small decrease in the free cholesterol and phospholipid content of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction. As regards the CPA-EE combinations, they induced a slight increase in the HDL fraction, a small decrease in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction and a substantial increase in triglycerides both in the serum and in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction. This lipoprotein pattern is invariably induced after the administration of an alkylated estrogen or an "estrogen dominated" oral contraceptive. An increase in triglycerides is a "biochemical" adverse effect which may have clinical implications for some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Direct measurements of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in the cat. Influence of contraceptive steroids and oophorectomy.

Contraceptive steroids that increase the risk of gallstones reduce the bile acid pool size and increase the cholesterol saturation in bile. To analyze mechanisms behind these effects, bile acid enterohepatic circulation was studied with direct methods in cats treated with peroral contraceptive steroids for 3 months, cats oophorectomized 1-2 months before study, and female control animals. Both administration of contraceptive steroids and oophorectomy reduced the bile acid pool size and bile acid synthesis rate. Contraceptive steroids increased water secretion by the liver at low bile acid secretion rates, reduced bile acid accumulation in the gallbladder, and increased the recycling rate of the bile acid pool. Oophorectomy did not significantly change the relation between bile acid and water secretion by the liver. The reduced bile acid pool size in animals receiving contraceptive steroids can be explained by an increased recycling rate induced by an enhanced water secretion by the liver. The possibility of a direct effect on the hepatic synthesis of bile acids by both administration of contraceptive steroids and oophorectomy cannot be excluded.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cholecystokinin secretion in pregnancy.

The gallbladder volume is increased in pregnancy, and its contraction during a meal is impaired. This is of importance for the increased risk of gallstones in pregnancy, since it may cause retention of cholesterol crystals in the gallbladder lumen. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is responsible for the food-induced gallbladder contraction. We have consequently measured the plasma concentrations of CCK in the fasting and the stimulated state in pregnant women and in age-matched non-pregnant controls. In a subset of pregnant women and controls the gallbladder volume was measured with ultrasound. The results show that whereas basal CCK concentrations were normal, the response to an oral preparation that contracts the gallbladder was increased in pregnancy. Moreover, the secretion of CCK correlated well with gallbladder emptying. We conclude that the behaviour of the gallbladder in pregnancy is not due to impaired secretion of CCK.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Serum lipids and lipoproteins in pregnancies associated with emesis gravidarum.

Nausea and/or vomiting in pregnancy (emesis gravidarum) is a very common event. The specific etiology of this disorder is still unknown. In this study we examined serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in 98 healthy pregnant women in early and late pregnancy. Sixty of these women complained of emesis gravidarum. Compared to non-pregnant controls the pregnancy values of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were elevated in all subjects due to an increase in all lipoprotein classes. In addition, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were enriched in triglycerides relative to other components. Differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins between the emetic and non-emetic subjects were found. The lipid contents of LDL and HDL were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the emetic women in early pregnancy. During late pregnancy the total lipid content in all fractions was higher in previously emetic subjects. Thus, a metabolic difference between the groups persisted throughout pregnancy. It is suggested that an altered influence of estrogen on the liver might be responsible for these dissimilarities.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester: influence of an estrogen-progestogen regimen in climacteric women.

The relative fatty acid compositions of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester were studied during continuous treatment with an estrogen/progestogen combination. All 26 women who participated suffered from climacteric complaints and were given one tablet daily containing 2 mg of 17 beta-estradiol, 1 mg of estriol, and 1 mg of norethindrone acetate. Blood samples were taken before treatment and after 3 and 12 months of treatment. In serum lecithin, a decrease (p less than 0.01) in stearic acid concomitant with an increase of linoleic (p less than 0.05) and arachidonic (p less than 0.01) acids was recorded. The most evident changes noted in cholesterol ester were decreased levels of stearic (p less than 0.01), oleic (p less than 0.05), and arachidonic (p less than 0.001) acids. Polyunsaturated acids of the n-6 series are precursors for prostaglandins and leukotrienes. In the present study an increase of dihomo-gamma-linolenic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids in serum lecithin was found after treatment, and theoretically this finding may have an impact on the prostacyclin-thromboxane balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Dose and duration effects of estradiol valerate on serum and lipoprotein lipids.

Non-alkylated estrogens, like estradiol valerate (F2V), are widely used in the treatment of the postmenopausal hormonal deficiency syndrome. Their effects on serum and lipoprotein lipids are characterized by an increase in the lipid constituents of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and, usually, a decrease in low density lipoproteins (LDL). These effects are considered beneficial as regards atherogenesis and the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Unlike the effects of alkylated estrogens, no concomitant increase in triglycerides (TG) in serum and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) - adverse effects - are seen in doses of up to 2 mg E2V. In order to compare the effects of 2 and 4 mg of E2V on serum and lipoprotein lipids, 19 bilaterally oophorectomized women participated in a cross-over study after a 4 week long wash-out period. To evaluate the influence of the time factor, 10 of the women continued taking 2 mg and 9 taking 4 mg of E2V respectively for an additional period of 12 weeks, resulting in a total treatment period of 24 weeks per group. The serum lipoproteins were separated by preparative ultracentrifugation, the serum and lipoprotein lipids being assessed using commercially available kits. In the cross-over part of the study, total (TC) and free cholesterol (FC) and phospholipids (PL) increased in HDL and decreased in LDL. Neither dose increased TG in serum or VLDL. These changes in the lipoprotein pattern persisted at the end of the entire study. Consequently, within the range of commonly used doses (2 and 4 mg) E2V seems to have a constant and, in terms of cardiovascular disease, favourable influence on lipoprotein metabolism irrespective of doses and periods studied.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Serum bile acids, gamma-glutamyltransferase and routine liver function tests in emetic and nonemetic pregnancies.

The etiology of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is still unknown. One possibility is that ovarian and placental hormones may play some part. The liver is the major site of metabolic inactivation of steroid hormones. In this study, 102 healthy pregnant women, of whom 62 complained of nausea, were followed throughout pregnancy. Liver function tests were performed to ascertain whether emesis gravidarum is related to impaired hepatic function. In this series, all values were within the normal ranges. Serum levels of total bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl-transferase were significantly decreased and those of total serum bile acids significantly increased in emetic women compared to nonemetic subjects. Furthermore, the metabolic load on the liver seems to follow a biphasic course as there is an apparent minimum in liver function variables in the second trimester. It is concluded that a slow adaptation to the increased hormonal load on the liver might be responsible for the condition of emesis gravidarum.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Does position and size of corpus luteum have any effect on nausea of pregnancy?

It is a puzzling fact that emesis might occur in one pregnancy, whereas other pregnancies in the same woman could be either free or again associated with nausea. Pregnancy-associated hormones are believed to cause nausea, possibly through effects mediated via the liver. In 43 women who applied for a legal abortion in early pregnancy the occurrence of nausea was recorded and the position and size of the corpus luteums were measured by means of ultrasound. It was found that emesis was associated with corpus luteum located predominantly on the right side, while the non-emetic pregnancy often had a left-sided corpus luteum. It is suggested that the venous drainage, which differs between the right and the left side, may be responsible for the fact that the same woman can either suffer from or be free from nausea during pregnancy. Ovarian vein insufficiency, being more common in multigravidity, may also explain why nausea is more common in multigravidae.

Corpus Luteum↗
PubMed1985

The effects of two gonane progestins alone and in combination with ethinyl estradiol on serum lipoproteins.

Twenty women, oophorectomized as part of the treatment for cervical carcinoma in an early stage but otherwise healthy, participated in the study. Ten of them were given desogestrel (DG) 150 micrograms/day for 3 wk followed by DG + 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol (EE) for 6 wk, and finally EE alone for 3 wk. The other ten women were given 150 micrograms levonorgestrel (NORG) and EE in a similar way. Before treatment and after each period, total and free cholesterol (TC, FC) triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PL) were assayed in serum and in the ultracentrifugally isolated lipoprotein fractions very low, low and high density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL). The results indicate that both progestins induced the same 'androgenic' pattern when given alone, i.e. a decrease in serum- and HDL-TC and a decrease in VLDL-lipids. In combination with EE, however, DG seems to counteract the effects of EE to a lesser extent than NORG, as judged particularly from the effects on TG and PL in serum and VLDL.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

High-dose depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate--effects on the fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester.

Twenty-one women were treated with high doses of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (1000 mg/week im) for 6 months as part of the treatment of endometrial carcinoma. The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester were analyzed. In previous studies low doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), in contrast to progestins of the 19-nor-testosterone series, have been shown not to affect the fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester. However, the high doses of MPA used in this study increased linoleic acid and decreased arachidonic and di-homogammalinolenic acids in serum lecithin. The ability of a steroid to induce this shift has been ascribed to its androgenicity. MPA is considered to have weak, if any, such properties. The findings of this study emphasize the necessity to delineate effects on metabolism of different doses and administrative routes of any particular steroid.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗
PubMed1985

Occurrence, nature and treatment of urinary incontinence in a 70-year-old female population.

An intervention trial using oral oestriol to treat urinary incontinence was performed in a number of patients taken from a representative sample of 562 women aged 75 yr. The clinical series consisted of 34 patients who took part in a double-blind crossover study of the possible effects of oestriol, given in a single daily dose of 3 mg, and of a placebo over a period of 3 mth. The clinical examinations included bacteriological cultures and an assessment of the degree of atrophy of the surface membranes in the vagina. In most patients, oestriol was effective in reversing the atrophy. The clinical effect was excellent in urgency and mixed incontinence, but not in stress incontinence.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester in the normal menstrual cycle.

Gonadal hormones and the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester were studied on four occasions during one cycle in twenty-two regularly menstruating women. The most evident change during the menstrual cycle was a decrease in the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the linoleic series in the late luteal phase. Concomitantly an increase in oleic acid as well as palmitic acid was recorded. These changes were considered to be dietary influenced since a shift of the oleic/linoleic acid ratio is often seen when fat is replaced by sugar and some women are known to increase their intake of refined carbohydrates premenstrually. The only correlation found for fatty acids and hormone levels was a correlation of the ratio oleic/linoleic acids and 17-beta-estradiol. This pattern is not seen after administration of exogenous estrogens and obviously there is a discrepancy between endogenous and exogenous estrogens in this context. Whether physiological fluctuations of sex hormones during the menstrual cycle directly influence the fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester is uncertain. No changes in dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid or arachidonic acid, the major precursors of prostaglandin synthesis were recorded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Gallbladder disease related to use of oral contraceptives and nausea in pregnancy.

In our series of women with confirmed gallbladder disease, intolerance of oral contraceptives was remarkably high. Among women who did not tolerate oral contraceptives there was a remarkably high percentage of emesis gravidarum. The frequency of cholecystectomy declined substantially between 1971 and 1981. This decrement was especially pronounced in women younger than 40, which could be attributed to the reduced "hormonal load" from both fewer pregnancies and reduced intake of contraceptive steroids.

Adult↗