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G Samsioe

Publications and source records attributed to G Samsioe.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

A new methodological approach to the evaluation of quality of life in postmenopausal women.

An approach employing a range of standardized questionnaires, which included the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), the Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) index and the Mood Adjective Check List (MACL), was used to assess health-related quality of life (QoL) in conjunction with a study comparing two doses of transdermal oestrogen (50 or 100 micrograms/24 h) combined with an oral progestogen (5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate for 14 days each cycle). In addition to the QoL measures, climacteric symptoms were self-rated and also summarized by means of the Kupperman index. In all, 59 women, median age 52 (39-71) years, who completed 4 months of therapy were evaluated. The use of a battery of standardized questionnaires enabled a comprehensive evaluation to be made of perceived health, well-being and day-to-day functioning. Not only was symptomatic relief, e.g. reduced frequency of sweating episodes, sleep disturbance and hot flushes, observed during treatment, but there were also improvements in terms of sleep, energy and emotions. The frequency of health-related problems associated with paid employment, housework, social life, home life and sex life decreased, indicating enhanced ability to take part in daily activities. The PGWB index showed improvement in the subscales representing well-being, anxiety, depression, vitality, health and self-control, while the mood scales indicated that the women experienced less tension and more satisfaction. Although the results of this study need to be further documented on the basis of a placebo-controlled trial, the findings nevertheless imply that the use of a battery of standardized questionnaires optimizes the possibility of evaluating climacteric complaints reliably before and after treatment.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

Endometrial carcinoma; ovarian dysfunction--a risk factor in young women.

From a referral area comprising one-fifth of the Swedish female population we investigated possible risk factors for endometrial cancer (EC) in different age groups. Seventy-seven women aged 31-45 with EC were collected retrospectively, and 99 women aged 46-65 were consecutively collected. Both groups were compared to referents randomly selected from a population based study from the city of Göteborg. The referents consisted of 1746 women aged 39-65 years. All cases were studied by hospital record and 82% of the women aged 31-45 years and 85% of those aged 46-65 years were studied by an extensive questionnaire. Among the referents 1409 (81%) were investigated by the above-mentioned questionnaire. Hirsutism, increased body mass index (BMI) and hypertension were significantly more common in both EC groups compared to referents. Nulliparity and infertility were significantly more common in the young EC group. Referents used combined oral contraceptives significantly more often than women developing EC. There was, however, no difference between the groups with respect to the duration of medication with combined oral contraceptives. There was a significant negative correlation between cigarette smoking and the development of EC. These findings indicate that untreated ovarian dysfunction like that present in polycystic ovarian disease (PCO) with unopposed estrogen action on the endometrium is associated with EC in younger women, and that smoking may protect against EC by an 'anti-estrogenic' effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Essential fatty acids in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation.

The relative fatty acid composition of lecithin was measured in maternal and cord blood serum in human pregnancies at risk for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (n = 28) as compared to controls (n = 20). In the IUGR cases (n = 13) linoleic acid was lower in maternal samples but higher in cord blood, oleic acid was elevated in both whereas docosohexaenoic acid was lower. Essential fatty acid composition of lecithin was found to be different in IUGR.

Fatty Acids, Essential↗
PubMed1990

Some aspects of the relationship between oral contraceptives, lipid abnormalities, and cardiovascular disease.

Most epidemiologic studies suggest an association between current use of combined oral contraceptives and certain manifestations of cardiovascular disease. Most of the data relate to older preparations little used today. Decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased amounts of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were common findings with the older formulations. More recent experimental and epidemiologic data suggest that the potential risk of cardiovascular disease in oral contraceptive users is hardly predicated on an arteriosclerosis basis but related more to thromboembolic events. Because changes in the serum lipid profile are often associated with alterations in the factors of hemostasis, it seems reasonable to suggest the use of preparations void of profound changes in lipid metabolism, especially when other means of efficacy are available inclusive of the newer low-dose oral contraceptives. When risk factors for cardiovascular disease are present, determination of total cholesterol is desirable. In subjects with elevated serum cholesterol, a serum lipid profile should be determined. A woman at risk of cardiovascular disease should be carefully monitored, and repeated lipid determinations are recommended.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1990

A comparative study of the effects of a monophasic and a triphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.

A comparative study of the effects of a monophasic and a triphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LNG) on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism was conducted on 45 Singapore women under the WHO Special Programme of Research in Human Reproduction. The women were randomly allocated to one of the two pill groups--a triphasic preparation containing low doses of LNG and EE in various proportions and a monophasic preparation of 150 micrograms LNG and 30 micrograms EE, and an additional 18 women, choosing to use IUDs, were recruited as controls. Blood samples were taken at admission, 3 and 12 months thereafter. For both pill groups, total cholesterol decreased with duration of use, while HDL cholesterol decreased slightly at 3 months and thereafter increased. LDL cholesterol decreased slightly at 3 months, returning to baseline at 12 months for the monophasic group, while remaining unchanged at 12 months for the triphasic group. The monophasic preparation appeared to lower total, LDL and HDL cholesterols to a greater extent at 3 months than the triphasic preparation. Compared with IUD users, for the monophasic group, both total and HDL cholesterols were significantly lower at 3 months and HDL and LDL cholesterols were lower at 12 months. In addition, ratios of HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol were significantly lower at 12 months. Changes in triglycerides were minimal for both pill groups. However, at 3 months, triglycerides for the triphasic group were significantly higher than the IUD users, but this observation was not of any clinical importance since comparison of changes with their respective pretreatment values were not statistically significant. These results indicate that these changes are related to the dosage and estrogen-progestogen ratio of the preparation. Furthermore, the monophasic preparation may have a disadvantage over the triphasic preparation since it appears to cause more disturbance in lipid metabolism. However, it is noted that these changes in lipids and lipoproteins were minimal and did not appear to be of any clinical significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Haemostatic changes during continuous oestradiol-progestogen treatment of postmenopausal women.

To identify changes in haemostatic balance during continuous oestradiol-progestogen treatment, 60 postmenopausal women with climacteric complaints, mean age 55.4 years (range 44-68) were randomly allocated to receive one of four hormone replacement regimens for one year. All four formulations were administered daily and continuously, each contained 2 mg of 17 beta-oestradiol in combination with either norethisterone acetate, 1 mg (group A) or 0.5 mg (group B) or megestrol acetate, 5 mg (group C) or 2.5 mg (group D). No significant changes occurred during treatment within or between the groups in platelet count, fibrinogen and 2-antiplasmin. Activated partial thromboplastin time was shortened (P less than 0.05) in group D and a decline in factor VII activity and antigen (P less than 0.001) and in ATIII activity (P less than 0.05) was noted in group A. Protein C tended to decline in all treatment groups but statistically significant changes were noted only in groups A and C. Two women developed crural thrombosis during the observation period.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A novel statistical approach to analysis of bleeding patterns during continuous hormone replacement therapy.

Previous studies have shown that continuous oral oestrogen-progestogen therapy, which is a relatively new treatment regimen, does not induce endometrial hyperstimulation. However, bleeding disturbances are common during the early months of therapy and in the present study we used both conventional methods of statistical analysis and a stochastic model to describe the bleeding patterns. Four groups of 15 post-menopausal women were given different oral formulations continuously for 1 yr. The oestrogen component in all cases was 2 mg 17 beta-estradiol. The progestogen used was norethisterone acetate at a dose of either 1 mg or 0.5 mg (Groups A and B) or megestrol acetate at a dose of either 5 mg and 2.5 mg (Groups C and D). Each woman kept a daily record of all bleeding episodes, 80% of which occurred during the first 4 mth of therapy. Analysis of variance showed that the high doses of the two progestogens were associated with less spotting and menstrual-like bleeding than the low doses. Stochastic analysis of the bleeding data confirmed that women on the high progestogen doses experienced fewer bleeding episodes than those on the low doses. It also showed that women receiving the high progestogen doses who weighed under 67 kg or had had their last menstruation over 5 yr previously bled less than the other women in the high-dose groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Prostaglandin precursor fatty acids in serum and bile as influenced by oophorectomy, contraceptive steroids and pregnancy. An experimental study in the cat.

Variations in the occurrence of prostaglandin precursor fatty acids might be of importance for the pathogenesis of gallstones. Pregnancy and use of contraceptive steroids increase the risk of gallstones. The present study reports the relative fatty acid composition in serum and biliary phospholipids studied by gas-liquid chromatography in four groups of female cats, which were on a standard diet: 1) oophorectomized animals, 2) animals on contraceptive steroids, 3) pregnant animals and 4) control animals. It was consistently found that the portions of palmitic and linoleic acid were higher and stearic and arachidonic acid were lower in biliary than in serum lecithin. In biliary lysolecithin, sphingomyelin and cephaline there were only small portions of linoleic and negligible amounts of arachidonic acid. Oophorectomy, contraceptive steroids or pregnancy did not induce any gross changes in the fatty acid pattern of lecithin in serum or bile. In animals treated with contraceptive steroids a reduced portion of linoleic acid was seen in the bile lecithin, and in pregnant animals there was a reduction of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids in biliary lecithin.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Serum levels of apolipoprotein A-I, A-II and HDL-cholesterol in second half of normal pregnancy and in pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia.

Serum concentrations of Apolipoprotein A-I and A-II, (Apo A-1 and Apo A-II) HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), Total Cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and lipoprotein electrophoresis were assayed serially in the second half of normal pregnancy (21 women), in pre-eclampsia (26 women) and in both groups one and six weeks after delivery. In the normal group we found increased concentrations of Apo A-I and HDL-C, which remained unaltered during pregnancy. Apo A-II was unchanged. Correlation coefficients for Apo A-II vs HDL-C and Apo A-I vs Apo A-II decreased gradually towards delivery while it remained at an elevated and unaltered level for Apo A-I vs HDL-C. The Apo A-I/HDL-C ratio was unaltered during the whole study while the Apo A-I/A-II ratio was elevated during pregnancy and the Apo A-II/HDL-C ratio was reduced. These results may indicate a gradual change in the surface structure of the HDL particle or its subfractions. In pre-eclampsia Apo A-I and HDL-C concentrations were reduced, TG was increased and Apo A-II and TC were unchanged when compared with the normal pregnancy group. A more pronounced correlation coefficient was recorded for Apo A-I vs HDL-C than for Apo A-II vs HDL-C and Apo A-I vs Apo II. The results indicate that from an atherogenic point of view normal pregnancy seems more beneficial than pre-eclampsia.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1989

Metabolic effects of continuous estradiol-progestin therapy in postmenopausal women.

Sixty postmenopausal women with climacteric complaints were randomly allocated to four treatment groups. Without interruption, each patient was given one tablet daily containing 2 mg 17 beta-estradiol along with either norethisterone acetate 1 mg and 0.5 mg or megestrol acetate 5 mg and 2.5 mg. Blood samples were obtained before treatment and then after 1, 4, and 12 months of treatment. Serum was analyzed for cholesterol and triglycerides in serum and for cholesterol in the ultracentrifugally separated lipoprotein fractions of very low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and high-density lipoproteins. Significant reductions of serum cholesterol were found in all treatment groups except for that given 2.5 mg megestrol acetate. After 1 and 4 months of treatment, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased 7-22%, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced by 2-16% in the four groups. No significant differences could be demonstrated among the groups in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol during treatment, as assessed by analysis of variance. Thus, cholesterol metabolism was equally influenced by both progestin types. Accordingly, the clinical efficacy and acceptance would decide the preparation to be advocated for women in need of hormone replacement therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A multicentre comparative study of serum lipids and lipoproteins in four groups of oral combined contraceptive users and a control group of IUD users. World Health Organization. Task Force on Oral Contraceptives.

A prospective clinical trial was conducted in three centres to assess the effects of the type and dose of progestogen, the dose of estrogen and the progestogen-to-estrogen ratio of oral contraceptives on lipid metabolism. The preparations selected contained levonorgestrel 250 micrograms + ethinyl estradiol 50 micrograms (Neogynon), levonorgestrel 250 micrograms + ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms (Eugynon 30), levonorgestrel 150 micrograms + ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms (Microgynon) or norethisterone acetate 1 mg + ethinyl estradiol 50 micrograms (Minovlar). Four-hundred-and-seven premenopausal women were randomly assigned to one of the four pill groups and compared to a control group of 119 users of a CuT220c intrauterine device. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and total triglycerides were monitored and the analysis includes the data of those who were followed over 48 weeks, 241 OC users and 87 IUD users. 250 micrograms of levonorgestrel were found to induce more unfavourable lipid changes in terms of atherosclerotic risk than 1mg of norethisterone acetate. Levonorgestrel was found to have a dose-effect on HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol serum levels, while ethinyl estradiol had a dose-effect on serum triglycerides. HDL-cholesterol was related to the progestogen-to-estrogen ratio. Most of these findings were consistent across centres. Finally, some comments are made on the implications of the study results on the design of future lipid studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of climacteric complaints with Org OD 14: a comparative study with oestradiol valerate and placebo.

Org OD 14 (7 alpha,17 alpha-17-hydroxy-7-methyl-19-norpregn-5(10)-en-20-yn-3-one) is a steroid possessing mixed hormonal activity, which in earlier studies has been shown to alleviate climacteric complaints and to prevent post-menopausal osteoporosis without affecting the endometrium. The effects of Org OD 14 on climacteric complaints were compared with those of oestradiol valerate (E2V) and placebo in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study in 20 women who had been oophorectomized and hysterectomized 3-6 yr earlier as part of their treatment for cervical cancer. Each patient was treated orally for a total period of 18 wk, comprising 6 wk on each preparation. Capsules of identical appearance were given; these contained either 2.5 mg Org OD 14, 2 mg E2V or placebo. The patients' scores for symptoms and mood items on standardized rating scales were recorded at the end of each 6-wk treatment period (i.e. on days 43, 85 and 127). There were no differences between the effects of Org OD 14 and E2V on symptoms and mood items, while both compounds were more effective than placebo. Our findings confirmed that Org OD 14 is effective in ameliorating oestrogen deficiency symptoms in climacteric women.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of four continuously administered progestogen plus oestradiol combinations for climacteric complaints.

Sixty women with climacteric complaints who had not menstruated for at least 1 year were randomly allocated to receive one of four hormonal replacement regimens. All four formulations were administered daily and continuously and each contained 2 mg of micronized oestradiol-17 beta in combination with either norethisterone acetate 1 mg (group A) or 0.5 mg (group B) or megestrol acetate 5 mg (group C) or 2.5 mg (group D). The clinical efficacy was the same although the alleviation of vasomotor symptoms was somewhat slower in those women receiving preparation A. The endometrium was atrophied in nearly all biopsies. Irregular uterine bleeding was almost entirely confined to the earlier phase of the study and was substantially less with the formulation containing 1 mg norethisterone acetate. It is concluded that a continuous oestradiol-progestogen combination can be used for long-term treatment of climacteric complaints in postmenopausal women and that after 4 months the clinical efficacy is the same irrespective of the type and dose of progestogen administered.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Enterohepatic bile-acid circulation in the pregnant cat.

Pregnancy increases the risk of gallstones. The physiological changes responsible for this are not clearly demonstrated. Adjustments in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids have earlier been studied in pregnancy by methods involving dilution of labelled bile acids. In the present study the bile-acid circulation was measured with direct drainage methods in pregnant animals and controls. It was found that the total bile-acid-pool size was reduced to 65% in the pregnant cat (P less than 0.01) and there was a reduced accumulation of bile acids in the gallbladder after fasting 24 h (P less than 0.01). Bile-acid synthesis by the liver was not reduced and the relation between water and bile-acid secretion by the liver was unchanged. It is concluded that, in the pregnant cat, the bile-acid-pool size is reduced due to a decreased accumulation of bile acids in the gallbladder and an increased interdigestive recycling rate of the bile-acid pool (P less than 0.05). One possible explanation for the reduced accumulation of bile acids in the gallbladder is delayed emptying of the stomach, inducing a late refilling of the gallbladder after a meal.

Animals↗