Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Rudolf

Publications and source records attributed to G Rudolf.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Physiological effects of muscarinic vs nicotinic ACh antagonists upon ganglion cell activity in the frog retina.

The intravitreal administration of ACh agonists (eserine, carbachol, oxotremorine) or that of ACh muscarinic antagonists (scopolamine, atropine) provoked a reduction of the On-Off ganglion cell discharges. The agonists depressed the Off discharges more than the On discharges, while the ACh muscarinic antagonists depressed the On- more than the Off discharges. These drugs did not modify the ganglion cell receptive field area; thus, the muscarinic cholinergic system seems not to be involved in the spatial organization of the On-Off ganglion cells, but rather seems to play an important part in the separation of On and Off information channels. ACh nicotinic antagonists [hexamethonium, D-tubocurarine (D-TC), alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGTX)] provoked an increase of the receptive field area of On-Off ganglion cells, this enlargement being due to the suppression of the inhibition normally exerted by the surround upon the centre of the field. Moreover D-TC and alpha-BGTX, but but hexamethonium, increased the number of ganglion cell discharges. These data are analogous to those obtained after administration of GABA antagonists and show that through nicotinic receptors, ACh seems to be involved in the spatial organization of the On-Off ganglion cell.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

[Contribution of internal layers of the retina to the genesis of the light peak in the electrooculogram in the chicken].

We report that in the Chicken retina, Na aspartate which selectively blocks signal transmission between the photoreceptors and second order neurons also largely modifies the EOG. In treated eyes, the standing potential is reduced and the LP which is very transient in the Chicken eye is substituted for by a reactivity to light with much slower rise and delayed culmination time. The data are discussed in terms of interaction between pigment epithelium and neuroretina in the pharmacological determinism of the LP.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Status of indications and therapeutic interaction in dynamic psychotherapy and standard analytic treatment?].

The present study concerns itself with the factors that are important in making an indication-based decision for either dynamic psychotherapy or psychoanalysis. In keeping with the interactional approach of our group, we have considered not only certain characteristics of patients but also particular initial relational patterns in the meeting between therapist and patient that lead to the establishing of indications. Examination of patient characteristics shows that older patients with less education are more likely to enter into dynamic psychotherapy but that therapists tend to be skeptical about the prognosis for therapeutic cooperation. With regard to the interaction of therapist and patient, the following specific contact and relational readiness among patients undergoing dynamic psychotherapy could be determined: These patients emphasize their autonomy by means of an over-compensatory stance in which they reject regression, thus presenting themselves as less needful of help. The therapist reacts to this stance by offering a shorter course of treatment with limited goals and less subordination to an established setting. In the case of psychoanalysis, the situation is reversed. This study further analyzes the elements of personality structure and socio-demographic background behind the relational offer of the groups indicated for treatment. A group of patients for whom there are no indications for psychotherapy is drawn upon for purposes of comparison.

Defense Mechanisms↗
PubMed1986

[Neurotic interaction patterns. Scale structure based on the Psychological and Social-Communication Findings Report].

Findings concerning the neuroses in 615 patients who had consulted either of two psychotherapeutic out-patient departments because of neurotic or psychosomatic complaints were documented in the "Psychischer und sozialkommunikativer Befund" (PSKB; Psychic and Sociocommunicative Findings Sheet). Factor analysis resulted in the discovery of ten dimensions of neurotic behaviour which clinically can easily be interpreted as patterns of interaction. The scaling of the factors provides a would-be random sample for calibrating purposes which is applicable to further investigations of psychoneurotic and psychosomatic out-patients. The present article in its methodological part deals with the establishment of the factors, the development of the scales, and the evaluation of quality criteria. The clinical part contains a detailed description and a psychodynamic interpretation of the ten neurotic interaction patterns. Finally the applicability of neurosis profiles from PSKB scales is delineated in the light of examples from our own investigations.

Communication↗
PubMed1982

[The evaluation of neuroses findings and treatment possibilities on 615 ambulatory psychotherapy patients].

For 615 neurotic and psychosomatic patients who visited two outpatient psychotherapeutic institutions for initial diagnostic interviews the diagnosis of neurosis was made according to the "Psychischer and Social-Kommunikativer Befundbogen" (PSKB; psychic and social-communicative findings sheet) and supplemented by evaluations based up on prognostic scales. This study presents an overview on the frequencies of symptom as well as personality characteristics in these patients. With regard to prognosis and indication of therapy, special emphasis is placed upon those characteristics which provide information concerning the interaction between patient and examiner.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1982

[Disease picture and illness behavior in 615 ambulatory psychoneurotic and psychosomatic patients].

The patient case histories of 615 psychoneurotic and psychosomatic outpatients--in addition to other data--have been collected in standardized form and processed by EDP in connection with a large research project by the Berliner Arbeitsgemeinscheft für Psychotherapie-Dokumentation (Berlin Documentation System for Psychotherapy. This study presents the clinical picture of the patients by describing quality, quantity, and duration of symptoms. Furthermore, the patient's behavior during their illness with the diagnostic and therapeutic measures previous to the first examination is described. Several articles in this journal are concerned with other aspects of the numerous findings from this investigation.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1979

[The Psychiatric and Social-Communication Record, an instrument for the standardized inventory of neurotic findings].

The comparable documentation of neurotic conditions is a supposition for the scientific access to neuroses, especially concerning psychotherapy research and epidemiology. Efforts on this field have rarely brought satisfying results. This paper shows the construction and the application of a documentary scheme, which describes neurotic conditions under a psychoanalytic point of view and accentuates the aspect of interpersonal relationships: The psychic and socialcommunicative report (PSB). In contrast to other charts, PSB avoids the use of psychoanalytic theory and of psychopathological terms and describes neurotic traits in everyday-language, which makes the system easy to use. After the psychoanalytic interview the investigator or therapist does a rating of the 82 PSB-items. This gives both a quantitative and qualitative description of the neurotic disease. In several projects including follow-up studies of psychotherapy-patients PSB-instrument was useful for important questions of psychotherapy research. The combination of PSB with documentation of patient's life-data allows correlation of "soft" personality-data and "hard" social data. In medical student's training PSB helps to teach systematic examination of neurotic patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Deposition of aerosol particles in the human nose.

About 2000 breathing experiments were performed, involving four breathing manoeuvres, four volunteers, a wide range of particle diameters and various breathing patterns. Monodisperse droplets of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate served as aerosol particles. The deposition of particles in the nose was calculated from total deposition of particles in the whole respiratory tract for mouth, nose, mouth-nose and nose-mouth breathing. This method allowed the determination of nasal deposition and nasal efficiency for inspiration and expiration. Total deposition was determined from measurements of the particle concentration and the respiratory volume flow rate. Considerable scatter of nasal deposition in the four subjects was found. At a constant tidal volume it rose rapidly with increasing flow rate. The nasal efficiences were found to be independent of tidal volume. For inspiration as well as expiration the nasal passages removed particles very efficiently by inertial impaction. However, inspiratory and expiratory nasal efficiences were different. The scatter of individual inspiratory efficiency could be considerably reduced by employing a mathematical relationship to describe inspiratory nasal efficiency which makes use of the pressure difference across the nose and nasopharynx during nose breathing.

Aerosols↗