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Biomedical subjects

G Rossi

Publications and source records attributed to G Rossi.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Radiographic assessment of perfusion impairment in pulmonary embolism.

To assess whether radiographic features of descending pulmonary artery reflect the severity of the vascular obstruction we reviewed chest radiographs and perfusion lung scans in 115 patients affected by pulmonary embolism. Patients were classified according to the radiographic appearance of the descending pulmonary artery: normal, enlarged, and markedly enlarged with "sausage" shape. At acute embolization, patients with "sausage" appearance of the artery had the most serious vascular obstruction (56% on the average), in respect to patients with simply enlarged arteries (39% obstruction on the average, p less than 0.001) and patients with normal arteries who had the smallest obstruction (26% on the average, p less than 0.001). At recovery, patients showed a parallel decrease of descending pulmonary artery width and vascular obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Prolactin in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Role of the dopaminergic system].

The basal prolactinemia and the prolactinic reserve were investigated in 30 chronic alcoholics, during the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. In 80% of these patients, the prolactinic reserve was extremely low, while in 16,66% of them was normal or near the lowest limits, recognizing in the exaggerated dopaminergic central activity the responsible pathogenetic mechanism. The dopaminergic hyperactivity fits into a general context of the sympathetic-adrenergic hypertonia, which notoriously plays a primary pathogenetic role in the pathogenesis of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. In 5 patients with an inhibited prolactin response, a normalization of the prolactin reserve was registered in a test (the same methoclopramide test) carried out after 2-3 months of abstinence from alcoholic beverages, as an evidence of the normalization of the central dopaminergic activity and of a dopaminergic hyperactivity during the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Reconstitution of the receptor for immunoglobulin E into liposomes. Reincorporation of purified receptors.

Mast cells and related cells have on their surface receptors that bind immunoglobulin E (IgE) with high affinity and which, when aggregated, trigger exocytosis. We recently demonstrated that when these receptors are solubilized with mild detergents, their subunits dissociate unless an appropriate lipid:detergent ratio is maintained. The conditions required to maintain the receptors' integrity appeared to parallel those previously determined as necessary to obtain adequate incorporation of unpurified IgE-receptor complexes from detergent extracts into liposomes. We now show that purified IgE-receptor complexes having the full complement of subunits become preferentially inserted into liposomes. If the receptor subunits are chemically cross-linked to each other, at least some of such receptors can be incorporated, even though lipid is omitted during their purification. The findings suggest that the IgE-binding alpha subunit of the receptor is anchored to the bilayer by means of one or both of the other subunits.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes exposed in vitro and in vivo to therapeutic ultrasound.

The induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs), chromosomal aberrations and cell-cycle delay was determined in human lymphocytes after treatment in vitro and in vivo with therapeutic ultrasound (u.s.). In vitro treatments (1 W/cm2; 0.860 MHz; for 40-160 sec) were performed on unstimulated lymphocytes from 9 donors: a statistically significant, dose-dependent increase in SCE frequency was produced, whereas no induction of chromosomal aberrations nor alteration of the distribution of 1st, 2nd and 3rd division metaphases were observed. The same increase in the frequency of SCEs was detected by treating in vitro stimulated lymphocytes with u.s. The effects of in vivo exposure to u.s. were detected on lymphocytes from 10 patients before, during and after u.s. therapy (0.6-1.0 W/cm2; 0.860 MHz; from 8 to 20 applications lasting 5-6 min each). SCE frequency was statistically significantly increased in all patients at mid-therapy, without a further increase during the second half of therapeutic cycle, and was restored to pretreatment level 3 months after the end of u.s. therapy. No increase in chromosomal aberrations was noticed during and after u.s. therapy, whereas erratic delays of the cell cycle were observed, not clearly related to u.s. application or SCE levels. A linear relationship was found between SCE frequency and age in 21 healthy donors.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of oxytocin administration on luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone during the menstrual cycle of normal women.

In order to determine whether oxytocin modifies luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in response to LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH), a group of normal women, 23 to 30 years of age, was studied in the follicular, periovulatory, and luteal phases. LH and FSH response to LH-RH was evaluated in the serum under control conditions and after oxytocin infusion. Oxytocin administration failed to modify LH and FSH release induced by LH-RH. These results suggest that this neuropeptide is not involved in the control of LH and FSH at the level of the anterior pituitary.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Impotence associated with pudendal arteriovenous malformation.

Three young men with impotence due to a pudendal arteriovenous malformation had a common selective pudendal arteriographic finding of early passage of contrast medium from the bulbar artery region into the venous drainage of the pelvis. Perineal exploration revealed the malformation and correction resulted in significant restoration of erectile capacity. This entity may be a frequent occurrence in young men that may become apparent only when trauma or disease affects the contralateral pudendal artery or its branches.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Nicotine from cigarette smoking enhances clonidine-induced increase of serum growth hormone concentrations in men.

In order to determine whether nicotine exerts its stimulant effect on serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH) by interacting with an adrenergic pathway, we evaluated the effect of cigarette smoking on the response of GH to the administration of clonidine, a specific alpha-adrenoceptor agonist. In six normal volunteers, clonidine significantly increased serum levels of GH. When subjects smoked two non-filter cigarettes, GH response to the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist was greatly enhanced. These findings suggest that in man nicotinic cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms might interact in the stimulation of GH secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of pharmacological doses of oxytocin on insulin response to glucose in normal man.

In this study we have examined the effect of the administration of oxytocin on basal blood concentrations of insulin, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, and on the dynamic secretory response of these hormones to intravenous glucose administration (0.33 g/kg) in basal condition and after the injection of 3 IU (1 plus 2 IU/1 h) or 6 IU (2 plus 4 IU/1 h) of oxytocin (6 subjects for each group). The highest dose of oxytocin (6 IU) used significantly increased insulin secretion in response to intravenously administered glucose. No significant change of insulin secretion was observed with 3 IU of oxytocin. Glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone response to intravenous injection of glucose was not affected by oxytocin (3 or 6 IU) administration. These results suggest that high doses of oxytocin affect beta-cell function in normal man.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Results of the treatment of carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus with one-stage resection and esophagogastrostomy].

Between november 1964 and december 1982, 102 patients were operated upon for the treatment of carcinoma thoracic esophagus. The philosophic objectives were to restore promptly the ability to swallow and to achieve a worthwhile survival period. To fulfill these requirements wide excision of the growth and immediate esophagogastrostomy were performed through a combined abdominal and right thoracic approach. In higher thoracic growths the Authors added a cervical phase. The resectability rate was 74% and the overall hospital mortality rate was 19,6%. Anastomotic leaks occurred in 10 patients (9,8%) with fatal outcome in 6. Pre- and postoperative care (particularly hyperalimentation and intensive respiratory therapy) and use of mechanical devices reduced the operative mortality rate to 8,1% between 1976 and 1982 without deaths in the last 16 patients. Very satisfactory palliation was achieved in 80% of the patients who survived the standard esophagogastrectomy. These patients enjoyed uncomplicated oral alimentation for the remainder of their lives. Despite there has been considerable improvement in operability and resectability rates and in survival of resection as compared to past years, long term results of treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus continue to remain disappointingly low. Overall survival rate at 5 years was 10,2% in this report. The stage of the disease influenced significantly survival: curative as opposed to palliative resections demonstrated a marked difference in 5-year survival (28,2% vs 2,8%). Long-term survival of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus will probably not improve until early diagnosis is possible. Therefore esophagogastrectomy should be the treatment of choice until other forms of therapy prove superior to it both in terms of palliation and long-term survival rate.

Adult↗