Physical growth and developmental outcome in very low birth weight premature infants at 3 years of age.
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Body Height↗
Biomedical subjects
G Ross
Publications and source records attributed to G Ross.
Nutrition in renal transplantation.
This study was conducted to determine whether a high-nitrogen, low-carbohydrate diet in the immediate post-operative renal transplant period could result in a positive nitrogen balance and fewer cushingoid side effects. Twelve consecutive nondiabetic renal transplant recipients were randomly assigned to the isocaloric control or experimental diet group. The six patients ingesting the experimental diet achieved positive nitrogen balance whereas five of the six patients on the control diet had a negative nitrogen balance. The nitrogen balance varied directly and proportionately with the protein intake. Potassium balance mirrored the nitrogen balance data. Cushingoid side effects did not develop in any of the six experimental diet patients whereas four of the six control diet patients had evidence of severe cushingoid appearance and two had moderate cushingoid appearance (P = .01). Based upon the findings of this study, we suggest that the renal transplant recipient's diet could be altered to provide more protein and less carbohydrate to improve nitrogen balance and prevent cushingoid features. It is possible that a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet may be used by additional patients taking steroids for other disease states to prevent cushingoid side effects and improve nitrogen balance.
Adult↗
The effect of an academic examination on salivary norepinephrine and immunoglobulin levels.
Forty-six college students provided saliva samples just after taking an examination, one hour and 45 minutes later, and several days later, at a period of rest. As compared with baseline levels, the power stress of an examination was associated with an increase in salivary immunoglobulin A (S-IgA), a measure of B-cell immune function, and with an increase in norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in the saliva. The increase in NE was greater for those for whom n power was greater than n affiliation rather than for those for whom the reverse was true. Greater increases in, and levels of, NE at the examination and after were associated with greater subsequent drops in S-IgA, which reached below baseline levels for those for whom n power was stronger. The examination stimulated adrenergic activity, which in the long run depressed immune function for those with a strong power motive who had been most aroused adrenergically by the examination.
Achievement↗
Trends in neuromotor behavior of preterm and fullterm infants in the first year of life: a preliminary report.
A follow-up study of 150 fullterm and preterm infants was conducted to determine the similarities and differences in neuromotor behavior during the first year of life. Three groups (healthy fullterm, healthy preterm, sick preterm) were compared at three, six, nine and 12 months of age. In general, fullterm infants were more similar in their responses to the Neuromotor Behavioral Inventory and more consistently advanced than some preterm infants at all four examinations. The greatest distinction between fullterm and both preterm groups occurred at three and six months. By nine and 12 months fullterm and healthy preterm infants had more similar development, but some sick preterm infants continued to develop differently. It appeared that the influence of prematurity on neuromotor behavior, regardless of whether the infant was healthy or sick, was greatest before nine months of age. After nine months, health appeared to be a contributing factor to the infants' development.
Child Development↗
Duodenal mucosa synthesis of prostaglandins in duodenal ulcer disease.
Synthesis of prostaglandins (PGE2, PGI2 and PGF2 alpha) and thromboxane A2 was investigated in short term incubates of duodenal mucosa biopsies. Mucosa close to the ulcer site synthesised significantly less PGF2 alpha (p less than 0.001) and PGI2 (p less than 0.002) measured as its stable metabolite 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha than healthy mucosa from non-ulcer patients. In paired biopsies taken from the ulcer site and opposite the ulcer in the same patient PGF2 alpha and PGI2 syntheses were both significantly and similarly depressed when compared with normal mucosa. Synthesis of PGE2 and TxA2 (as its stable metabolite TxB2) was not different in any tissue. There is a defect in the ability of the human duodenal mucosa in duodenal ulcer disease to synthesise PGF2 alpha and PGI2; the defect is not limited to the ulcer site.
Dinoprost↗
Identification of canine pulmonary surfactant-associated glycoprotein A precursors.
Surfactant-associated glycoproteins A were identified by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of crude surfactant from canine alveolar lavage: an unglycosylated form (protein A1), 27,000-28,000 daltons; glycoprotein A2, 32,000-34,000 daltons; and glycoprotein A3, 37,000-38,000 daltons; pH at isoelectric point (pI) 4.5-5.0. Glycoproteins A2 and A3 were electroeluted and used to prepare a monospecific antiserum that identified proteins A1, A2, and A3 in immunoblots of crude surfactant obtained from dog lung lavage. This antiserum precipitated several proteins from in vitro translated canine lung poly(A)+ mRNA; proteins of 27,000 daltons, pI 5.0, and 28,000 daltons, pI 4.8-5.0, which precisely comigrated with proteins A1 from canine surfactant. Cotranslational processing of the primary translation products by canine pancreatic microsomal membranes resulted in larger proteins of 31,000-34,000 daltons, pI 4.8-5.0. Treatment of these processed forms of glycoprotein A with endoglycosidase F, to remove N-linked carbohydrate, resulted in proteins of 27,000-28,000 daltons which precisely comigrated with surfactant protein A1. These observations demonstrate that the polypeptide precursors to the glycoproteins A complex are extensively modified by addition of asparagine N-linked complex carbohydrate and are subsequently secreted as glycoproteins A2 and A3.
Animals↗
Characteristics of human surfactant-associated glycoproteins A.
Surfactant-associated glycoprotein A [molecular weight (Mr) = 34,000, isoelectric point (pI) 4.6-5.0] and its sulfhydryl dependent oligomers were purified and partially characterized from surfactant obtained from human alveolar lavage. Two major forms of the protein were identified by silver stain and immunoblot analysis of surfactant using human surfactant-associated glycoprotein A antisera: glycoprotein A2, Mr = 34,000 and glycoprotein A1, Mr = 28,000. The larger form was reduced to Mr = 28,000 by treatment with endoglycosidase F, indicating the presence of complex N-linked oligosaccharide on the molecule. Charge heterogeneity was decreased and the isoelectric point increased by treatment with neuroaminidase, supporting the presence of sialic acid. Homology between the proteins Mr = 34,000 and 28,000 was confirmed by analysis of two-dimensional tryptic and chymotryptic peptides of 125I-iodo-glycoproteins A1 and A2 which were identical. The protein was very rich in glycine and its amino acid composition was similar to that of glycoprotein A previously reported for the dog and rat. Treatment of glycoproteins A with bacterial collagenase resulted in the generation of highly glycosylated peptides Mr = 20,000-22,000, pI 4.6-5.0, which no longer formed sulfhydryl-dependent oligomers, supporting the presence of significant collagen-like region in the molecule. In the absence of reducing agents, glycoprotein A from surfactant was present as sulfhydryl-dependent dimers and larger oligomers. Higher molecular weight aggregates of glycoproteins A were also present in lavage material even after sulfhydryl reduction. Glycoproteins A were identified in surfactant from amniotic fluid, normal adult lung lavage, human cadaver lung lavage, and material obtained from lung lavage from a patient with alveolar proteinosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Amino Acids↗
Myofibroblasts in filtration operations.
Myofibroblast cells, involved with collagen production, bridge incisional sites after two filtration operations. These spindle-shaped cells appeared as early as the seventh postoperative day and progressively developed through day 14. Later reparative stages were characterized by collagen production, though myofibroblast were strikingly absent after day 14. These histopathologic data obtained from healthy cats suggest that contraction of wound sites in early post-operative period may be causative in cicatrization failures of standard filtration procedures.
Animals↗
Use of the Bayley Scales to characterize abilities of premature infants.
The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered to 92 white, middle-class infants, half of them premature and half full-term, at 1 year of age from term to determine whether this instrument is useful in characterizing the abilities of premature infants. Although both full-term and premature infants achieved mental and motor development scores within the average range, full-term infants attained significantly higher scores on both the Mental and Motor Scales. Both groups scored significantly lower on motor than mental functioning; however, the difference was significantly greater for premature infants. As a group, premature infants also evidenced greater variability in their performance on both the Mental and Motor Scales, and they showed greater intra-individual variability in performance of motor ability. Furthermore, premature infants were less likely to succeed on items testing eye-hand coordination, imitation, and vocalization. Preselected perinatal risk variables accounted for a significant amount of variance in both mental and motor ability of premature infants.
Birth Weight↗
Consistency and change in the development of premature infants weighing less than 1,501 grams at birth.
Ninety-four infants with birth weights less than 1,501 g were evaluated on neurologic functioning and mental abilities at 1 year and, again, at 3 to 4 years of age. Results of the examination showed high correspondence in neurologic status and in mental ability between infancy and the preschool period, particularly for children who were diagnosed as clearly normal or abnormal at 1 year. In addition, poorer performance in a test of infant mental ability (which relies primarily on sensorimotor skills), in motor skills, and in neurologic functioning, respectively, were linked to lower IQ, difficulties in expressive language, and articulation deficits at the preschool age. Socioeconomic status predicted 3-year IQ scores and changes in mental ability scores but was not a factor in determining either preschool age neurologic status or changes in neurologic status in the children studied. Socioeconomic status of the children was less predictive of preschool outcome than results of the 1-year examinations.
Cerebral Palsy↗
Reducing overnight secretion of acid to heal duodenal ulcers. Comparison of standard divided dose of ranitidine with a single dose administered at night.
This study was undertaken to assess the clinical usefulness of a single nighttime dose of ranitidine in the short-term healing of duodenal ulcer. One hundred and nine patients with endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcer were randomly allocated to treatment with ranitidine, either 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg as a single nighttime dose for four weeks, in a prospective double-blind, double-placebo trial. Of the 102 patients who completed the study, 48 of 57 (84 percent) healed endoscopically on ranitidine 150 mg twice daily, and 43 of 45 (96 percent) healed on 300 mg at nighttime (Mantel-Haenszel test without continuity correction: X2 = 2.9, p = 0.09). One patient treated with ranitidine 150 mg twice daily had a transient episode of cholestatic hepatitis that did not necessitate stopping the drug; in this patient the ulcer healed after 28 days of treatment. There were no other unwanted effects in either group and no significant abnormal biochemical or hematologic changes. This study shows that ranitidine 300 mg given as one nighttime dose is as safe as 150 mg twice daily, and equally as effective. Three hundred milligrams at night appear to confer protection against the adverse effect of smoking in ulcer healing.
Adolescent↗
Ranitidine 150 mg twice daily vs 300 mg nightly in treatment of duodenal ulcers.
102 patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers were randomly allocated to treatment with ranitidine either 150 mg twice a day or 300 mg every evening for 4 weeks in a prospective double-blind study. The two groups were similar. 48/57 (84%) healed on ranitidine 150 mg twice daily and 43/45 (96%) healed on 300 mg every evening (p = 0.9)--that is, ranitidine 300 mg as a single night time dose is as effective as 150 mg twice daily. The results also indicate the importance of overnight gastric acidity in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcers.
Adolescent↗
Carcinoma of the prostate treated by pelvic node dissection, iodine-125 seed implant and external irradiation: a study of rectal complications.
The University of Missouri-Columbia protocol for localised cancer of the prostate calls for pelvic node dissection, 10000 cGy at the periphery of the prostate from 125I and 4000 cGy in 20 fractions to the whole pelvis using supervoltage X-ray therapy. Rectal complications were studied in 104 patients; acute and chronic reactions were defined. During external irradiation 54% did not develop diarrhoea, 43% had mild diarrhoea and 3% had severe diarrhoea. In the chronic stage 77% did not have diarrhoea, 12% had delayed, non-distressing rectal bleeding which did not need specific treatment or needed only simple treatment, 7% had prolonged distressing proctitis and 4% had rectal ulceration or recto-urethral fistula necessitating colostomy. Each of the four patients who had colostomy had an additional aetiological factor (arterial disease, pelvic inflammation, additional radiation, pelvic malignancy or second operation). None of the patients entered in the combined brachytherapy and teletherapy programme, and in whom 0.5 cm space was maintained between the closest seed and the rectal mucosa, developed prolonged proctitis.
Brachytherapy↗
Lymphocyte transformation as an aspect of immune recognition in echinococcosis. A review of some current experiments.
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Animals↗
I-125 implant and supervoltage irradiation for treatment of T0-2 or T3 carcinoma of the prostate. The impact of invasion beyond the prostatic capsule and minimal nodal involvement.
Sixty-three consecutive patients with cancer of the prostate treated by pelvic lymphadenectomy, I-125 implantation +/- Co60 therapy were studied regarding the impact of extension of cancer beyond the capsule and minimal nodal involvement. Extension of cancer beyond the prostatic capsule, Stage T3, constituted 34%, while Stages T0-2 comprised 66% of the cases. The features of T3 compared with T2 or less were: higher incidence of younger age (50s), 29% vs. 19%; less well-differentiated cancer, 29% vs. 64%; higher incidence of pelvic node involvement, 52% vs. 18%; and higher incidence of recurrence, 24% vs. 4.7%. The involvement of only one or two pelvic nodes by microscopic cancer did not adversely affect the prognosis in T2 group over a relatively short period of follow-up. No local recurrence occurred in T2. In the T3 group, two of 21 (9.5%) developed local recurrence.
Aged↗
Current status of Missouri kidney transplant patients.
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Adolescent↗
Influence of hyperosmolarity on induced contractions of arterial smooth muscle in vitro.
The influence of short-time incubation in hyperosmolar sugar solutions on the contractile responses of vascular smooth muscle was examined using isolated rings of rabbit ear arteries. Hyperosmotic mannitol (50 mM) did not alter the resting tone. Bolus administration of 0.1 mM Ca++ along with norepinephrine to vessels incubated in Ca++-free medium induced biphasic responses. Potassium chloride (KCl 30 mM) produced tonic contractile responses. Administration of hyperosmotic mannitol (50 mM) for 5 min significantly inhibited contractile responses to norepinephrine and KCl. Pretreatment with hyperosmotic mannitol (50 mM) for 30 min significantly inhibited cumulative dose-response curves to Ca++ in 60 mM KCl depolarizing solution. Exposure to a K+-free medium for 2 to 3 hr induced contractions even in the presence of phentolamine (2.65 X 10(-6) M) and addition of hyperosmotic mannitol (50 mM) further enhanced these contractions instead of inhibiting them in these vessels. Moreover, hyperosmotic mannitol (50 mM), sucrose (50 mM) and raffinose (50 mM) also induced contractions in arterial muscles incubated in K+-free medium at resting tension. Hypertonic mannitol (50 mM) enhanced contractile responses to ouabain in muscles which had been stored at 2 degrees C for 10 days but inhibited ouabain-induced responses in fresh arteries even in the presence of phentolamine. These experiments indicate that hyperosmolarity inhibits vascular reactivity to some agonists possibly by inhibiting excitation-contraction coupling; however, under certain conditions, i.e. after blockade of the sodium pump by K+-free solution or by ouabain, hyperosmolarity may actually induce vascular contractions.
Animals↗
[Selection of genotypes of Schistosoma mansoni and their maintenance by sporocyst transplantation].
Schistosoma mansoni was isolated by hatching eggs obtained from a naturally infected Rat in Grand Etang, Guadeloupe; fifty Biomphalaria glabrata were exposed to five miracidia each. The resulting cercariae were used to infect laboratory mice which were later sacrificed to provide worms for enzyme analyses and eggs for further infections. Seven enzymes in extracts of individual worms were examined by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels: AcP, G6PDH, PGM, GPI and HK showed no variation, whereas MDH and LDH proved to be polymorphic. Two MDH loci were recognised, MDH-2 was invariant whereas two alleles were assumed at the MDH-1 locus. It was not possible to make a genetic interpretation of the complex banding pattern of LDH, although 4 types (LDH-A, -B, -C, -D) were observed. Of the snail infections, one batch of snails was exposed to 5 miracidia per snail in the normal way whereas other snails were each exposed to a single miracidium. The latter were sacrificed to provide sporocysts to transplant into further groups of recipient snails. Cercariae from the recipient snails were used to infect mice and the adult worms were analysed and compared with the normally passaged material. In this way, three lines, defined by the possession of particular MDH and LDH types, were selected from the originally polymorphic population; two were identical. The combination of single miracidium infections and enzyme typing has illustrated the possibility of selecting parasite lines of known genotype; transplantation of sporocysts from snail to snail has demonstrated that such lines can be maintained exclusively in the intermediate host.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗