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Biomedical subjects

G Richard

Publications and source records attributed to G Richard.

225 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Bactericidal effect of sparfloxacin alone and in combination with amoxicillin against Streptococcus pneumoniae as determined by kill-kinetic studies.

Ten clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (six intermediately penicillin-sensitive, one penicillin-resistant and three penicillin-sensitive strains) were studied by kill-kinetic experiments using sparfloxacin alone and in combination with amoxicillin. Equipotent doses of the antibiotics (1x, 2x and 4x the MIC) were used in the kill-kinetic studies. Sparfloxacin had a moderate bactericidal potential at 4x MIC after 5h and the combination with amoxicillin did not significantly increase its bactericidal activity. The clinical significance of these findings warrants further studies in vivo.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optical coherence tomography for retinal thickness measurement in diabetic patients without clinically significant macular edema.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a screening method for retinal thickness measurements in diabetic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used a previously described pattern of six 5 mm OCT scans through the center of fixation in 45 diabetic patients without clinically significant macular edema: 22 patients (group 1) had no diabetic retinopathy (ETDRS classification); 18 (group 2) had nonproliferative retinopathy; 5 patients with peripheral neovascularization did not enter statistical analysis; 25 normal healthy subjects were used as a control group. Retinal thickness was measured at five locations in each scan: in the fovea, at the foveal rim, and outside the macula. Measurements were identified in nonaligned images and taken from raw data A-scans. Locations were grouped into hemispheres, quadrants and rings, and mean values tested for statistically significant differences using Mann-Whitney U-Wilcoxon rank sum W test. RESULTS: Differences in retinal thickness were found to be significant in the macula (controls vs group 2 P = 0.0266), at the foveal rim (controls vs group 1 and 2: P = 0.0386 and P = 0.0193), in the nasal and superior hemisphere (controls vs group 2: P = 0.0251 and P = 0.0187), and in the superior nasal quadrant (controls vs group 1 and group 1 vs group 2: P = 0.0022 and P = 0.0462). CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences of retinal thickness between patients with diabetic retinopathy and normals can be detected by OCT even in the absence of clinically significant macular edema. Significant differences between diabetic patients with and without retinopathy are most likely to be found in the superior nasal quadrant.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Structural changes of the retina in retinal vein occlusion--imaging and quantification with optical coherence tomography.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for imaging and quantifying structural changes in the retinal architecture following venous occlusive disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 20 patients with retinal venous occlusive disease: 5 patients suffered from branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and 15 from central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Patients with CRVO were studied within 72 hours after the first onset of symptoms. Patients were examined by OCT after a complete ophthalmologic examination including fluorescein angiography. A standard set of linear scans through the center of fixation and individual scans over areas of special interest were performed. Scans were qualitatively evaluated and quantitative measurements were performed on single A-scans at 5 locations of linear scans. Measurements were taken in the center of fixation, at the foveal rim, and at the edge of the scan. We measured total retinal thickness, thickness of cystoid spaces, and thickness of the highly reflective outer band. RESULTS: OCT produced detailed images of retinal thickening, intra- and subretinal hemorrhage, intra- and subretinal fluid accumulation, and formation of intraretinal cystoid spaces. Quantitative evaluation revealed a mean central retinal thickness of 274 +/- 181 microm (72-760 microm) in patients with central retinal vein occlusion. Visual acuity did not correlate with central or extrafoveal retinal thickness. CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography is a useful imaging technique for studying changes of retinal architecture following venous occlusive disease. Even minor changes like localized subretinal fluid accumulation or beginning epiretinal membrane formation can be visualized in detail. In contrast to other diseases like diabetic maculopathy, quantitative assessment of macular thickness does not correlate to visual acuity. Nevertheless, because of detailed imaging, OCT might become a useful tool in the follow-up and treatment of individual patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Principles of qualifying retinal detachment for pneumoretinopexy].

The gases SF6 and C2F6 were used in 88 patients (88 eyes) with retinal detachment as endotamponade. Eighty eight patients constituted 3 groups in which the gas was used on the basis of following indications: 1) the eyes with retinal detachment from above and with holes between 9-12-3 or with a macular hole; 2) eyes with retinal detachment "without hole" or with a hole for evaluation for its size and localization, as an intervention preceding an extrascleral invagination; 3) eyes with retinal detachment from above in which after extrascleral indentation in spite of a good localization the retina did not reappose. On the basis of the presented material the authors emphasize the values of the pneumoretinopexy as a solitary procedure, a diagnostic procedure or completing an extrascleral indentation. The perils of this method are presented and the causes of failures discussed.

Adolescent↗