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Biomedical subjects

G Reuter

Publications and source records attributed to G Reuter.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Cell wall polysaccharide structure in the food protein yeast, Candida spec. H. I. Structure of alkali-stable mannoproteins].

The isolated manno-protein contains about 80% mannose and 10% glucose. Methylation analysis established the highly branched nature of this polysaccharide and the presence of 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,6-linkages, as well as the linkages of the branch points. The research of the acetolysis fragments revealed that the molecule is composed on mannose and mannooligosaccharides with DP2 to DP12. These oligosaccharides are terminated in the nonreducing end by alpha(1,3)-mannose. Glucose was only found in the monosaccharide fraction corresponding to the nonsubstituted backbone and in the alpha(1,3)-disaccharide fraction (reducing and nonreducing end) of the acetolysis. A heptasaccharide fraction corresponding to the N-glycosidical linkage region between polysaccharide and protein parts of the glycoprotein had been isolated. 1H-NMR spectroscopy and chemical characterization made it probable that the unit with the first side chain, mannopentaose, is linked by di-N,N' -acetylchitobiose or by 4-0-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to the asparagine residue of the protein.

Candida↗
PubMed1981

[Cell wall polysaccharide structure in the food protein yeast, Candida spec. H. II. Characterization of phosphate binding to the mannan-protein-phosphate complex and identification of phosphodiester-bound mono- oligosaccharides].

The proteophosphomannan (PPM) obtained by extraction with citrate buffer, purification by the cetavlon method and gel filtration contains a high proportion of diesterified phosphate groups between the C-6 of a side chain mannose and another glycosidically bound carbohydrate. Mild acid hydrolysis cleaved the phosphate diester linkages to yield mono- and oligosaccharide fractions. Chemical analysis and 1H-NMR studies demonstrated the heterogeneity of the oligosaccharide fractions containing alpha(1,2)-, alpha(1,3)- and alpha(1,6)-linked manno-oligosaccharides. All repeated PPM preparations contained mono-, tri- and heptasaccharides as the phosphate bound main compounds. Galactose, arabinose, fucose, and rhamnose of the monosaccharide fraction and tetra-, penta- and hexasaccharides were not found in all preparations.

Candida↗
PubMed1981

[Structure of the cell wall polysaccharide in the food protein yeast Candida spec. H. IV. Structure of the alkali labile oligosaccharide in the mannan-protein-phosphate complex].

Mild alkaline degradation of the proteophosphomannan (PPM) under conditions that effect beta-elimination of the residues, O-glycosidically bound on serine and threonine, release mainly mannose, glucose, mannobioses and mannotrioses with the same structures as those obtained by acetolysis of the polysaccharide component of the PPM. Methylation analysis and paper chromatography demonstrated the structural heterogeneity of the tetra-, penta- and hexasaccharide fractions containing 1,2- and 1,6-linked and 1,2,6-branched manno-oligosaccharides. Methylation analysis and acetolysis, paper chromatography and analysis of the carbohydrate composition of the oligosaccharide fractions DP 7-12 and DP 15-19 demonstrated inner core region like structures containing 1,2- and 1,6-linked mannose, 1,2,6- and 1,3,6-branchpoints and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1981

[Structure of the cell wall polysaccharide in the food protein yeast Candida spec. H. VI. Isolation and structure of the glucans].

Alkali-soluble glucan was obtained from Candida spec. H by extraction with dilute sodium hydroxide. This minor component is quite heterogeneous in molecular size, has a highly branched structure and contains 19% beta (1,3)-, 24% beta (1,6)- and only 2% beta (1,2)-linkages. Other minor polysaccharide components have been isolated by acetic acid extraction. They have been identified as glycogen and linear beta(1,6)-glucan, respectively. The major component is a 1,2-, 1,3,-, 1,6-glucan branched in 1,2,3-, 1,3,6- and 1,2,6-positions, containing chitin. So we can confirm that different yeasts may differ in glucan structures which vary considerably both in the degree of branching and molecular size.

Candida↗
PubMed1981

Isolation of dominant suppressor mutations for position-effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster.

Dominant suppressor mutations for position-effect variegation have been isolated by using a strongly variegated line carrying the wm4 chromosome (wm4h) and the dominant enhancer mutant En(var)c101. The use of an effective genetic test system made it possible to isolate more than 100 strongly dominant suppressor mutations for position-effect variegation. This suggests that the phenomenon of position-effect variegation is characterised by a complex genetic basis. The significance of the isolated mutants to genetic dissection of structural and regulatory functions of the eukaryotic chromosome is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Structure of the cell wall polysaccharide in the food protein yeast Candida spec H. III. Characterization of different phosphate bonds in the mannan-protein-phosphate complex].

The 31P-NMR spectra of the proteophosphomannan (PPM) and also that of mildly hydrolyzed PPM demonstrated phosphomonoester (in both preparations), acid labile and acid stable phosphodiester linkage, and polyphosphate. Decreasing in size by pronase digestion, separation, purification and characterization of the high and low molecular phosphates by 31P-NMR spectroscopy and chemical analysis revealed the mannan protein is phosphorylated in the N-glycosidically linked carbohydrate parts and in the O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides. Another phosphate serves as a bridge between the serine of the protein and mannose, mannobioses and mannotrioses and between the threonine and a lipophilic acylglycerid unit. The origin of the polyphosphates has been discussed.

Candida↗
PubMed1980

Identification by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of 4-O-acetyl-9-O-lactyl-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, a new sialic acid from horse submandibular gland.

The novel sialic acid 4-O-acetyl-9-O-lactyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid has been identified as a constituent of horse submandibular gland glycoproteins in addition to the already known equine sialic acids, N-acetylneuraminic acid, 4-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid, 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid, 4,9-di-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-glycolylneuraminic acid, 4-O-acetyl-N-glycolylneuraminic acid and 9-O-acetyl-N-glycolylneuraminic acid. The structure has been established by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Cell wall regeneration of Canadida spec. protoplasts.

A yeast of the genus Candida which is able to grow on n-alkanes was characterized by biochemical investigations: Crabtree effect, inhibition of ammonium utilization by asparagine, changes in the concentration of polysaccharides mainly concentrated in the cell wall. The yeast was compared biochemically and electron-microscopically with its pure protoplast population, and the regeneration of the cell wall was studied. In correspondence with the asynchronously developing accumulation of glucan and manna, electron microscopical studies have first only revealed glucan fibrils. Matrix formation (mannan) occurs only in the second stage of regeneration. After a regeneration period of 9 hours, the polysaccharides in the former protoplast population reached the concentration of the period before enzymatic removal of the cell wall. A tube-like structure observed by light microscopy during the early stages of regeneration is shown electron-microscopically to consist of a fibrillar network without matrix. Between newly formed cell wall and plasma membrane, in some cells groups of large flat vesicles were found, whose fracture faces are free of particles. After protoplast formation the invaginations of the plasma membrane arrange themselves in rows one behind the other. These findings are supported by further evidence suggesting that the invaginations are structures on the basis of lipid domains.

Candida↗
PubMed1980

[Allergic eczema to wax cloth. Attempts at identification of an allergen].

The coming out of 20 cases of eczema to American cloth, in 1978, motivated a clinical, allergologic and chemical investigation. From a clinical point of view, the lesions were located in areas in contact with American cloth. Cutaneous biopsies, which were carried out in 3 cases, established the allergic eczematous nature of these lesions. Epicutaneous tests were carried out by these patients. With American cloth, results were positive in 20 cases out of 20; six constituents provided by the manufacturer and a standard battery of allergens gave no indication. The chemical analysis of American cloths revealed among others an unknown product which was found in every formulation. This product had a molecular weight of 223; the infra-red spectra and the mass spectra showed a strong analogy with the spectra of alpha-phenyl indole. Tests carried out with alpha-phenyl-indole were positive in 11 cases out of 18; among controls every test was negative.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

[Primary treatment of thermic burns of the hand in childhood (author's transl)].

The hand was involved in 18.5% of our cases of heat injuries to children. First and second degree damage caused no diagnostic or therapeutic problems. Difficulties arose in distinguishing 3 a from 3 b injuries. With few exceptions, the clinical course justified a primarily conservative management. Heart injuries clearly of 3rd degree could only be primarily excised within certain limits, in the presence of shock, involvement of other regions and inadequate primary care. 12% of the thermically injured hands were admitted beyond the time-limit for primary delayed operation, and even for secondary transplantation. In five children, amputation was necessary after circular burns of 3rd degree by means of flames or electric current.

Burns↗
PubMed1980

[Traumatic haemobilia in childhood (author's transl)].

The case of a 6-year-old girl is reported with severe hemorrhage and "false aneurysm" in the left hepatic lobe due to polytrauma. The diagnosis of the haemobilia which developed 6 weeks after the accident was established by arteriography and scintigraphy. Despite only conservative treatment no further bleeding recurred. Spontaneous restitution was controlled by arteriography and scintigraphy. A long-term follow-up after hepatic trauma is necessary because the haemobiliary syndrome may develop after an asymptomatic interval of several years.

Child↗
PubMed1979

[Biosynthesis of the cell wall polysaccharides, mannan and glucan, by Candida spec. H as indication of different pathways of glucose breakdown].

The catabolic and anabolic D-glucose transformation of the yeast Candida spec. H has been studied. By using 1-14C-D-glucose and 6-14C-D-glucose, measuring the 14CO2 liberation and the label of glucose and mannose isolated from glucan and mannan, the following results have been obtained.1. Beginning with 100 micromoles glucose . ml-1 in the batch growth medium, at first on an average 64% of the glucose having been catabolized to CO2 are directly decarboxylated to pentose phosphate by pentose phosphate pathway (PPW). Later on at an exogen concentration of 70 micromoles.ml-1 73% of glucose on an average having been catabolised to CO2 undergoes transformation via glycolyse and tricarbonacid cycle (G-TCC). 2. Only after getting this glucose concentration the maximal hexose incorporation rate into glucan and mannan can be obtained. 3. 20--40% of the hexose channeled into the polysaccharid-biosynthesis have been prepared by resynthesis from pentose phosphate via PPW. 4. The results are discussed in connection with the observed crabtree effect.

Candida↗
PubMed1979

[Different composition of the cell wall polysaccharides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288 and in an osmosis sensitive mutant].

Determination of the polysaccharide contents and structural studies on the mannan by acetolysis and permethylation analysis shows an altered polysaccharide biosynthesis of the osmotic-sensitive mutant VY 1160 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae S 288. The mutant contains more glucan, less mannan, and less alkali-soluble glycogen. Its mannan is characterized by more short side chains and less long side chains. Its main chain is 1 leads to 6-linked, but its side chains consist of more 1 leads to 3- than 1 leads to 2-linked mannose units.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗