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Biomedical subjects

G Reiss

Publications and source records attributed to G Reiss.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Some aspects of tinnitus].

Tinnitus is the sensation of sound, a sensation generated by the auditory system because of a pathology, without any external acoustic or electrical stimulation. Most often, it is associated with a sensorineural hearing loss. Tinnitus is still one of the most frequent symptoms encountered by the otorhinolaryngologist and other doctors. Diagnosis and therapy are demanding due to complex etiology and secondary symptoms. Tinnitus is a symptom and not a disease. Therefore a thorough diagnosis is necessary. First of all one has to evaluate whether there is a treatable underlying organic disease possibly responsible for symptoms like tinnitus. The evaluation of the patient includes the history, ENT-status, audiological and vestibular findings, investigative imaging and examinations by other specialists. The therapeutic aim is the compensation of tinnitus. There is no universal medical or surgical treatment. Acute tinnitus is treated like sudden deafness. For chronic forms, the analysis of the causes is particularly important for developing an individual consultation and therapy plan. Providing information to the patient is the first step for a sensible treatment of the symptoms. Supportive therapy includes a psychosomatic therapy and the use of medication or instrumentation.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[Unusual complications of a bilateral peritonsillar abscess].

Bilateral peritonsillar abscesses with complications in the region of the neck are extremely rare. The case of a 60 year old women with an additional abscess of the right parotid gland/neck is reported. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1999

[Some aspects of prebyphonia].

Vocal disorders are a common dysfunction associated with aging that can have a significant effect on the quality of life. Advancing age produces physiologic changes that may alter voice. Some of these changes are inevitable; others may be avoidable or reversible. An appreciation for the causes of vocal dysfunction in the elderly is a first step to providing better care for the geriatric patient with complaints about voice dysfunction.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Otorhinolaryngologic causes of headache].

Headache is very common and it has many different causes. It can be a challenging, difficult, and interesting diagnostic problem. The knowledge of the complex sensory innervation of the ear, nose and paranasal sinuses is important. Heterotopic or referred pain must be differentiated from homotopic pain that is experienced at the point of injury. The nervous pathways of heterotopic otalgia are shown. From the otolaryngologist's point of view, there are multiple causes for the frequent symptom of facial pain and headaches: headaches due to ear diseases: pain extending to the ear region, with special regard to "referred otalgia" involving the cranial nerves V, IX, X; facial pain due to temporomandibular dysfunction; rhinological causes of facial pain and headaches, including posttraumatic trigeminal neuralgia and "facial sympathalgies"; the syndrome of the elongated styloid process. The quality of pain of the most common rhinological and otological diseases is reported. A detailed history and a carefully performed and focussed physical and laboratory evaluation will aid in the complex differential diagnosis.

Headache↗
PubMed1999

[Cooperation between clinicians and pathologists].

The present review demonstrates, how co-operation between clinicians and pathologists may be improved. In the present work the problems of artefacts introduced in biopsy specimens are discussed. The circumstances that can result in artefacts include: errors by the surgeon or assistant in handling the tissue at the time of biopsy, an improper fixation and faulty tissue processing. Different types of artefacts are described and illustrated and clinical and technical suggestions are given to prevent alterations of normal morphologic and cytologic features that can compromise an accurate diagnosis. In order to avoid diagnostic errors also anamnestic details and rare lesions must be known. The fate of patients suffering from carcinoma is influenced by the stage of the tumour at the time of diagnosis. It may be impossible to diagnose the tumor with the first biopsy even though clinical and macroscopic aspects suggest malignancy. In such a case a new representative biopsy is necessary as rapidly as possible to preserve the organ.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1999

[Correction of myopia with the intracorneal ring].

PROBLEM: The Implantation of intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) offers the possibility of reversible, refractive surgery for correction of lower myopia up to -5.0 D. We report our first results 1 year after implantation of ICR segments. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From April 1997 to August 1998 we implanted ICRS in 48 eyes of 31 patients (12 male, 19 female) to correct myopia. The preoperative refraction (spherical equivalent) was between -1.0 and -5.0 D (astigmatism < 1.0 D). The average age was 34.0 years (range 19-48 years). ICRS implantation was performed in peribulbar anaesthesia. All operations were done by the same surgeon. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 10 months (ranges 1-12 months). After 6 months the deviation from the target refraction of all eyes was < 1.5 D; 26 of 27 eyes (96.3%) showed a deviation of < or = 1.0 D. Six months after surgery, 18 of 27 eyes (66.6%) showed an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better, 23 of 26 eyes (88.4%) showed 20/25 or better, and 25 of 26 eyes (96.2) 20/40 and better. Only 1 of 16 eyes showed an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/50. In all eyes, the best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better. In 2 eyes an ICRS exchange and implantation of a thicker ring was necessary because the target refraction could not be achieved with the first implanted ring. In 2 eyes an ICRS reposition was done to optimize the location of the ring within the cornea. In 4 eyes we explanted the ring due to double vision (1 x) and distorted vision (3 x) caused by induced astigmatism. After explantation the preoperative refraction (+/- 0.15 D) was reached within 1 to 1.5 months. There was no regression after 6 months (n = 27) or after 1 year (n = 7). CONCLUSION: Our 1-year results of ICRS implantation show that myopia correction with the advantage of reversibility and lower complication rate is possible by this refractive surgical method. Ring exchange and explantation are possible. Earlier postoperative complaints like photophobia, unstable visual acuity or discomfort usually disappear rapidly. The decision of 95.0% of the patients to have ICRS implantation also into the second eye shows the high degree of satisfaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Earedness and handedness: distribution in a German sample with some family data.

There are only few data on the relative contribution of genetical factors to ear preference ("earedness"). We studied the distribution of earedness and handedness in a sample of 292 families and 36 offspring pairs. The incidence of nonright-earedness was found to be 35% and was not related to age or gender. In the same sample the incidence of nonright-handedness amounted to about 9% and was characterized by a significant prevalence in men. The distribution of handedness did not differ significantly between parents and children. We found that children's earedness and handedness were related to parental preferences. However, no paternal or maternal effect was found. The frequency of left-earedness and left-handedness of children is directly proportional to the number of left-sided parents. These results suggest that the direction of ear preference and handedness is genetically determined. But there is no genetic association between handedness and earedness.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Laterality of hand, foot, eye, and ear in twins.

Information on handedness, footedness, eyedness, and earedness was collected from 33 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and 67 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. The incidence of nonright-sidedness in the twins is not higher than that reported in the literature for singletons. Similar results are found for the other lateralities. The results of assessing handedness with preference tests do not differ from those carried out with performance tests. There are no differences in incidence of nonright-sidedness between MZ and DZ twins. The concordance of lateralities is similar in MZ and DZ twins. The proportions of Right-Right, Right-Nonright, and Nonright-Nonright pairs in both groups of twins show a binomial distribution. The present results do not confirm a genetic hypothesis of determination of sidedness in humans and are comparable with the results obtained by other twin studies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Some psychological aspects of tinnitus.

Tinnitus rarely can be cured. The patient, however, needs help to avoid countless ineffective treatments and considerable cost. The clinical examination of patients with severe and chronic tinnitus must include associated psychological disturbances. After all medical and audiological treatments have failed, tinnitus patients often are advised to "learn to live with it." The aim of psychosocial treatment is assisting patients in the identification of aggravating factors in tinnitus and teaching them various coping skills.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

[Significance of CD-ROM in medicine].

The article evaluates some multimedia programs offer for computers for medicine information, teaching and learning. Information technology has the potential to revolutionize the way medicine is learned by students and practitioners. Medicine with its abundance of facts and richness of imaging techniques has always been adopting new technologies to improve teaching and training. As a natural consequence, the use of computer-based multimedia technology is generally increasing in medicine. Especially the use of interactive multimedia technology seems promising to improve training and education and increase accessability of highly specific material. It can combine the best of the text-book and the video, but above all the use of interaction should produce untold benefits.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1999

Loss of heterozygosity accumulation in primary breast carcinomas and additionally in corresponding distant metastases is associated with poor outcome.

The occurrence of distant metastases is the most feared manifestation of breast cancer, often occurring years after the primary surgery and associated with poor survival. The dominant metastatic clone is characterized by an accumulation of genetic alterations, but it is not actually known at what stage of the metastatic cascade these alterations have occurred. We investigated allelic losses during breast cancer progression in a series of 17 primary breast carcinomas and 22 corresponding brain, liver, lung, and bone metastases (mean metastasis-free interval, 31 months) by analyzing 19 microsatellite markers on seven breast cancer- or metastasis-related chromosomal regions and correlated the incidence of combined loss of heterozygosity (LOH) with metastasis-free and postmetastatic survival. We found that, in comparison with the corresponding primary tumor, additional LOH events are frequently found in metastases and that the incidence of combined LOH in the primary tumor, plus the occurrence of additional LOH events in the distant metastases, correlated significantly with decreased postmetastatic survival. Combined LOH of the three breast cancer-related chromosomal regions alone or in combination with allelic loss at the p53 gene region seems to have a specific influence on the aggressive behavior of metastases. We hypothesize that the occurrence of additional LOH events is either involved in termination of dormancy of micrometastatic tumor cells at distant organ sites or acquired during further progression of metastases.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Synthesis of 7-benzylamino-6-chloro-2-piperazino-4-pyrrolidinopteridine and novel derivatives free of positional isomers. Potent inhibitors of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase and of malignant tumor cell growth.

7-Benzylamino-6-chloro-2-piperazino-4-pyrrolidinopteridine (7a) is a potent inhibitor of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase isoenzyme family PDE4 and induces growth inhibition in a panel of tumor cell lines. In this study, we describe a synthesis that yields 7a and novel derivatives free of positional isomers. The synthesis of alkylamino substituted pteridines is based on the successive nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the chlorine atoms of 2,4,6, 7-tetrachloropteridine. For the reaction with secondary amines, the positional order of reactivity was found to be C4 > C7 > C2 > C6. Final structural proof is given by X-ray crystallography. To unravel structural elements of 7a crucial for the interaction with the target enzyme, the compound was modified systematically. The impact of the modifications on activity was tested by evaluating the ability of the compounds to inhibit cAMP hydrolysis by cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4) purified from the solid human large cell lung tumor xenograft LXFL529. Growth inhibitory properties were determined by in vitro treatment of the respective cell line LXFL529L using the sulforhodamine B assay (SRB). The results show that for high activity, the heterocyclic substituent in position 2 of the pteridine ring system requires the presence of a basic nitrogen in 4'-position, as represented by piperazine.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1998

[Gunshot injuries in the head-neck area--basic principles, diagnosis and management].

Bullet wounds are a rare occurrence during times of peace. Recently, however, there has been a general increase in the number and severity of this type of trauma in our case load. First, the possible firearms and the individual types of ammunition will be discussed. Based on this background, the possible types of wounds are presented. Principally, one distinguishes ricocheting shots from grazing ones, and those leaving bullets lodged in the body from those with perforating wounds. The extent of tissue damage depends on internal lacerations, on the compression of the tissue and on the temporary cavitation along the projectile path. In contrast to other types of injuries, which are caused by a blow or impact to the face or skull, gunshot traumas are characterized by an irregular path, as well as, by localized destruction of bones with associated effects. In this connection, the severity of the bullet wound also depends upon the extent of involvement of the viscerocranium. As causes of gunshot wounds during times of peace, suicidal intent, the negligent handling of firearms and especially brutal crimes are those which come into consideration first and foremost. The diagnostic aspect of firearm wounds, beside anamnesis, comprises comprehensive X-ray diagnostics for a complete picture. From the therapeutic side, tetanus serum and antibiotics as a prophylactic are recommended initially. The operative treatment should take place depending on the injury with the removal of a possible projectile. Bullet wounds always require an interdisciplinary approach to treatment.

Causality↗