Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G R Jones.
Mechanical duodenal obstruction due to perirenal adhesions following infection of the upper urinary tract has been reported. I here report a patient in whom a renal calculus passed through a fistula from the right renal pelvis and obstructed the lumen of the duodenum.
The ability of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes to phagocytose and kill Proteus mirabilis was impaired in vitro when the human serum, used to opsonise the target bacteria, was pretreated with cultures of various Bacteroides species. Live and dead, either heat-killed or clindamycin-treated, bacteroides cells elicited the same phenomenon. When bacteroides-treated serum was used to opsonise different Proteus species, the subsequent uptake of all strains by polymorphonuclear leucocytes was inhibited, whereas bacteroides-treated serum inhibited the uptake of some but not all of the test strains of Escherichia coli. The opsonic activity of untreated human serum was reduced when the classical complement pathway was inhibited by ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetra-acetic acid (EGTA); subsequent treatment with bacteroides did not further reduce the opsonic activity of the serum for P. mirabilis.
In vitro metabolism of 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(n-propylamino)-propane (Id) by rat liver cytosol in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methyl-methionine produced almost quantitatively the corresponding 3-methoxy metabolite. 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(n-propylamino) propane was also recovered from the urine of rats dosed with the catecholamine (Id).
Patients have infrequently been assessed about their desire for their family physician to possess a certain level of expertise in managing a wide range of behavioral science problems. This has led to inconsistencies in the type of behavioral science training offered to family physicians and thence to a marked discrepancy between the amount of training offered (relatively large) and the amount of mental health care provided (relatively small). This study reports the result of a study of patient attitudes concerning the level of involvement by their family physician for each of 45 psychosocial problems. The levels offered were (1) no help, (2) referral, (3) compassion, concern, and minor advice, and (4) expert therapeutic help. The mean responses place a majority (25 of the 45) of the problems in level 3. Certain obvious problems appeared in level 1 (religious/church problems) and level 4 (pregnancy). Child behavioral problems dominated in level 2. Certain surprises were also found, such as the presence of problems of marital discord in level 1, and the problem of long-term pain in level 4.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Polyamine (PA) and ATP concentrations have been measured in the S180 sarcoma damaged by endotoxin (1) 4 hours after administration, coinciding with the onset of hemorrhage, (2) at 8 hours, and (3) at 24 hours, preceeding overt necrosis. The putrescine (PU) content increased promptly, the spermidine (SPD) level dropped by 30% between 8 and 24 hours, while the spermine (SPM) concentration remained unchanged. The ATP level fell, reaching 1% of the control value at 24 hours. The parallel between increases in tumor PU content and urinary PU excretion appears to be largely fortuitous; no similar correlations existed in the cases of SPD and SPM. The development of tumor stasis and the alterations seen in PA metabolism of tumor-free controls suggest that the changes in liver PA concentrations and in urinary excretion primarily reflect responses of nonmalignant cells. Both these findings in animals without tumors and existing data from other experimental systems are consistent with the thesis that PA response patterns to a particular procedure are qualitatively similar regardless of the presence or absence of a malignant growth, and are characteristic of the procedure employed.
The affinity of placental protein 5 (PP5) for thrombin was examined by the application of placental homogenate, late pregnancy serum, plasma and amniotic fluid to thrombin-Sepharose column chromatography. A specific interaction between PP5 in these fluids and thrombin was seen, revealing heterogeneity of PP5 with respect to thrombin affinity. Placental homogenate contained non-binding (species I), interacting (species II) and strongly binding (species III) subpopulations of PP5. By contrast, serum contained predominantly the strongly binding form (species III) and a minor proportion of the non-binding form (species I). The interacting form (species II) was the major form in plasma and amniotic fluid. These observations imply that the interacting form (species II) is the dominant form produced by the placenta and secreted into the circulation, but is converted to species III, i.e. high affinity for thrombin during coagulation. These results suggest that PP5 may be involved locally in the regulation of the coagulation system during pregnancy.
Levels of placental protein 5 (PP5) in paired serum and plasma samples obtained during the second half of pregnancy were measured by radioimmunoassay. The apparent level of PP5 was significantly higher in serum than in heparin-derived plasma. The addition of heparin to late pregnancy serum resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the apparent PP5 concentrations, the maximal effect occurring at heparin concentrations greater than 4 U/ml. The same phenomenon was observed using purified PP5 and placental homogenate. The effect of heparin was readily reversed by the addition of protamine sulphate. The specificity of the interaction between heparin and PP5 was demonstrated by affinity chromatography with heparin as the ligand. The functional significance of these results are discussed in relation to observations on other placental proteins and proteins with affinity to heparin.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
1 The effects of propranolol in its long acting formulation, 160 mg long acting (LA) propranolol, were assessed in a double-blind, controlled study of 20 hyperthyroid patients. Further observations with the addition of carbimazole were also made. 2 LA propranolol effectively improved the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism. 3 Plasma concentrations of total T4 and rT3 were increased, but total T3 did not fall significantly during LA propranolol treatment. 4 LA propranolol with carbimazole produced a greater reduction in the clinical indices of hyperthyroidism than carbimazole alone. 5 Total serum T4 and rT3 concentrations remained elevated with LA propranolol and carbimazole compared to carbimazole alone. 6 Carbimazole therapy for 2 weeks did not alter the mean plasma propranolol concentration. 7 We concluded that LA propranolol is effective in hyperthyroidism and its effects are similar to those reported by other workers with conventional propranolol. The clinical and biochemical effects of LA propranolol continue during concomitant carbimazole therapy.
Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were measured before and during 6 months treatment with propranolol (160 mg/day) in eight patients with T3 (triiodothyronine) toxicosis. Serum total T3 concentrations showed a significant (p less than 0.01) and sustained fall to approximately 80% of pre-treatment values. Six of the patients, however, remained clinically and biochemically hyperthyroid and our data do not support the use of propranolol as sole therapy in T3 toxicosis.
We compared the antianginal efficacy of one conventional and three long acting beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents in a randomised manner in 12 patients with stable angina pectoris. An exercise test was performed initially and in the 24th hour after a single daily dose of 160 mg of each beta-blocker at the end of a two week treatment period. In addition, glyceryl trinitrate consumption, anginal attack rate, and activity scores were recorded. No titration studies to an equivalent degree of beta-blockade were undertaken; a fixed dose was used even though these drugs are not equipotent. Conventional propranolol in a single daily dose of 160 mg was as effective in controlling the frequency of anginal attacks as long acting propranolol and sustained release oxprenolol. Exercise tolerance was less with sustained release oxprenolol than with conventional propranolol, long acting propranolol, and nadolol. Nadolol produced a significantly greater reduction in exercise-induced tachycardia than did long acting propranolol, sustained release oxprenolol, and conventional propranolol, and also the lowest anginal attack rate, the lowest trinitrin consumption, and significantly less ST segment depression than the other three. These findings suggest that nadolol is more potent than long acting propranolol, sustained release oxprenolol, and conventional propranolol, and the antianginal benefit at the 24th hour relates to the degree of beta-adrenoreceptor blockade achieved.
Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were measured before and during 10 days' treatment with atenolol (200 mg/day), acebutolol (400 mg/day), oxprenolol (160 mg/day) and propranolol (160 mg/day) in 24 hyperthyroid patients. During propranolol treatment serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations fell significantly (P less than 0.05) but there was no change in thyroid hormone concentrations in the other groups although all patients reported a symptomatic improvement.
In vitro metabolism of the aromatic ketone propiophenone and its nonaromatic isomer phenylacetone was studied using fortified 12 000 X g supernatants of liver homogenates from rat and rabbit. Reduction to the corresponding alcohols was the major metabolic route observed, although aliphatic C-hydroxylation and alcohol dehydrogenation also occurred. Marked differences were observed in the amounts of carbonyl reduction of the substrates, which was dependent on the species as well as the cofactor employed. Using rat liver preparation, phenylacetone was reduced to 1-phenyl-2-propanol much more efficiently with an NADH-fortified system than when NADPH was used whereas in rabbit, extensive reduction occurred in the presence of either cofactor. Reduction of propiophenone to 1-phenyl-1-propanol by rat liver preparation was slightly greater in the presence of NADH than with NADPH; the converse was observed in rabbit. Aliphatic hydroxylation of propiophenone to 2-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1-propanone was also a significant metabolic pathway in both species, with NADPH being the more efficient cofactor, but C-1 hydroxylation of phenylacetone to 1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propanone occurred only to a minor extent. Small amounts of 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, as well as both erythro and threo isomers of 1-phenyl-1,2-propanediol, were also identified as metabolites in both species. Similar metabolic studies were carried out on the alcohols 1-phenyl-1-propanol and 1-phenyl-2-propanol and again the nature and quantities of metabolites isolated showed both species and cofactor dependencies.
A survey of intravenous urography in Nova Scotia shows a lack of consistency in timing and number of films used. Dehydration is still practiced in most centres and tomography is not used routinely. A revised protocol for urography is suggested, consisting of three films with additional views added as necessary. The three would include a single tomographic section when available. Dehydration procedures should be discontinued. Such a protocol might lead to a reduction in radiation exposure and patient risk and Canada-wide savings of more than three million dollars annually.
The effects of low doses of L-isoproterenol and hydralazine on energy production in the S180 sarcoma were examined in vivo. Both substances produced dramatic alterations in the tumor adenine nucleotide pattern (TANP) by 1 h, the tumor ATP level falling by 80--84% and the energy charge dropping from 0.81 to 0.27--0.28. The approximate ratios of highest amount tolerated by the animal to lowest effective anti-tumor dose were 500 and 15 respectively. By contrast, the highest tolerated doses of both drugs produced minor and quite dissimilar effects on the adenine nucleotide pattern of mouse liver at 1 h. At 24 h after the initial drug treatment the TANP had largely returned to normal, but total losses of adenine nucleotides of 38--69% were recorded. The effect of hydralazine was both more marked and more reproducible than that of L-isoproterenol. Initial treatments with either drug establishment a refractory state in the tumor by 23--24 h; second administrations 1 hr before death had only modest effects on the TANP. Despite alterations in the macroscopic appearance of the injured tissue, necrosis was not histologically evident 24 h after treatment 24 h, but extensive necrotic areas were readily visible at 5 days.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.