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Biomedical subjects

G Pinon

Publications and source records attributed to G Pinon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Neonatal meningitis caused by Alcaligenes xylosoxydans].

BACKGROUND: Neonatal meningitis due to Alcaligenes xylosoxydans is exceptional; its diagnosis and treatment may be difficult. CASE REPORT: A neonate born at 42 weeks of GA to a mother who worked as a nurse in an intensive care unit was admitted on day 2 for a severe infection. Her cerebrospinal (CSF) contained 1,970 white cell/mm3, polymorphonuclear in majority: direct examination failed to show any germ but the CSF and blood cultures were positive for Alcaligenes xylosoxydans, a strain that was resistant to the initially given antibiotics. The patient was given piperacillin, 300 mg/kg/d for 21 days and completely cured with a follow-up of 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: This case shows that lombar puncture can be necessary in evaluating early neonatal sepsis; it also shows usefulness of piperacillin in some cases.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1991

[Study of vinorelbine (V) combined with hexamethylmelamine (H) (combination V-H) in adenocarcinoma of the ovary: results a phase I-IIA trial, NHO-88, of ARTAC "ovarian" group].

The lack of decisive progress in ovarian cancer chemotherapy in recent years led the ARTAC "Ovary" group to initiate a study based on the hypothesis of collateral sensitivities. In this phase I-II trial, NHO-88, the V-H combination (associating vinorelbine (VNB) and hexamethylmelamine (HMM) was studied in patients with advanced ovarian adenocarcinomas, most of which had become resistant to previous chemotherapy. The aim of the study was to find an active combination without complete cross resistance with first-line platinum salt based combinations, such as CAP, FAP or CACb-300. A pilot feasibility study was first carried out to determine the maximum tolerated weekly dose (MTWD) of VNB (20 mg/m2/week), HMM being administered per os on days 1-14 of every 28-day cycle at a standard dose of 250 mg/m2/day. An open phase II-A study was further carried out according to a 2-step sequential analysis method for phase II clinical trials. We observed: 1), a good tolerance of the V-H combination apart from frequent neutropenia; 2), a response rate of 35% (95% confidence interval: 23-47%); 3), a median response duration of 4 months (range: 1-7 months); 4), in some cases, the absence of a complete cross-resistance between the V-H regimen and the previously administered platinum-based combinations. These results, which are currently being validated (phase II-B ongoing), constitute the first step in the search for active systems of sequential or alternate chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of advanced carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

300 mg/m2 carboplatin (Cb), adriamycin (A) cyclophosphamide (C) (CACb-300) combination in advanced ovarian carcinoma: a feasibility study.

Carboplatin (Cb) is an active drug in ovarian carcinoma that has fewer visceral side effects than cisplatin (CDDP) but higher myelotoxicity, which makes it difficult to combine at efficient doses with other myelotoxic drugs. In a preliminary study in advanced ovarian carcinoma, Rosso et al. showed the maximum tolerated dose of Cb given in combination with cyclophosphamide (C) and adriamycin (A) to be 200 mg/m2. Since the efficacy of Cb may be dose-dependent, as is that of CDDP, we started a feasibility study of a CACb-300 regimen, that is, using Cb at 300 mg/m2 with lower C and A doses. Our data shows that the CACb-300 combination can safely be given in previously untreated patients for at least six 28-day cycles.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[Maternal-fetal Haemophilus influenzae infections].

In a systematic screening programme for neonatal infections involving 16,008 births, Haemophilus influenzae was isolated in 14 mother-infant couples (0.8 to 1,000 births). Comparisons with other series published in the U.S.A. showed similar circumstances of occurrence and initial clinical manifestations. However, the course of the infection was different, since there was no septicaemia or meningitis in our series. This raises the question of whether the strains responsible for the disease in the U.S.A. have a particular aggressiveness that is unidentifiable by serotype or biotype. In view of the post-partum occurrence of pelvic infections after isolation of H. influenzae during high risk deliveries, asymptomatic parturient women should be treated prophylactically. The 14 strains of H. influenzae isolated, most of them non capsulated and 2/3 of them of biotype IV, probably were of genital origin, although there was no evidence of cervico-vaginal infection. These results are consistent with the concept of genitotropic H. influenzae.

Female↗
PubMed1987

[Gastrointestinal infections in children. A strategy for searching pathogenic agents].

From a bacteriological and virological study of 2056 stool samples obtained from 1595 children we have attempted to derive epidemiological arguments leading to an algorithm of coprodiagnosis. We believe that Rotavirus should be systematically searched for at any age, as it is the most frequent pathogen encountered (27% of children with positive detection). If the test is positive, no other test needs to be performed in patients staying less than 4 days in hospital. If the test is negative, or if the child's clinical condition requires prolonged hospitalization, conventional bacteriology must be carried out, including a search for Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia. The search for Campylobacter should be limited to infections occurring in children under five.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Characteristics of penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in France, 1979-1986].

Penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae PPNG, had been first isolated in France in 1979. Since, they regularly increased if we considered France on the whole. From 1979 to 1986, 284 strains had been collected by a multicentric group. The frequency of isolation was strongly different in France, unknown in some region they rose 12% in specific areas in Paris. The PPNG strains were more frequently isolated from male than female (sex ratio was higher with PPNG than for non producing strain). They were more often responsible of complicated infections in female than male at the same rate than the non producing strains. Auxotype distribution was different between producing and non producing strains. Plasmidic content from african type (Af) was almost the same than from asian type (As). Strains with Af type associated with the conjugative plasmid were increasing.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Infectious viral diarrheas. Comparison of research methods for rotaviruses].

Radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) are generally recommended for routine diagnosis of rotavirus infection in childhood gastroenteritis. Expensive and delicate, these techniques are ill-suited for processing a small number of samples. Recently, Latex agglutination tests have been introduced than can be performed by non specialized hospital laboratories. However, some questions have been raised as to the sensitivity and specificity of these tests. We have sought a direct appraisal of latex agglutination testing by comparing two enzyme immunoassays and two latex tests (Rotazyme, Enzygnost-Rotavirus, Rotalex, Slidex Rota-kit). Three comparative studies that involved 1217 stool samples from children with gastroenteritis were carried out. Specificity, sensitivity, of latex tests compared favorably with the more sophisticated EIA, they represent a very convenient alternative for routine laboratory use provided latex tests with low rate of non-specific agglutinations are chosen.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Fatal Selenomonas sputigena septicemia probably originating from lung abscess.

A case of fatal septicemia with Selenomonas sputigena in an immunocompromised patient is reported. The patient had a lung abscess from which the septicemia is believed to have originated. In contrast to the only other case reported in the literature, the isolate from our patient was characterized by very slow and difficult growth.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Direct appraisal of latex agglutination testing, a convenient alternative to enzyme immunoassay for the detection of rotavirus in childhood gastroenteritis, by comparison of two enzyme immunoassays and two latex tests.

During February and March 1984, 207 fecal samples from infants and children with gastroenteritis were tested for rotavirus with four techniques: two enzyme immunoassays (Rotazyme; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill., and Enzygnost-Rotavirus; Calbiochem-Behring, La Jolla, Calif.) and two latex agglutination tests (Rotalex; Orion Research, Inc., Cambridge, Mass., and Slidex Rota-Kit; Biomérieux). All stool samples were also tested for yeasts and bacterial pathogens. Electron microscopy was used to investigate discrepant results. We found 47% positive samples with Enzygnost-Rotavirus, 38% with Rotazyme, 37% with Slidex Rota-Kit, and 34% with Rotalex. No specimen was found positive by Rotazyme only or Slidex Rota-Kit only. On the contrary, 12 samples which were positive with Enzygnost-Rotavirus only and 3 which were positive with Rotalex only were not confirmed as positive by electron microscopy. Both enzyme immunoassays gave 6% equivocal results; Slidex Rota-Kit gave significantly fewer equivocal results than did Rotalex: 2.9% versus 9.7% (P less than 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of latex tests compared favorably with that of enzyme immunoassays. Latex agglutination tests can be performed by unskilled personnel and are rapid and relatively cheap. They appear to be very suitable for routine laboratory work and may prove useful for large-scale screening in developing countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Development of the sensitivity to antibiotics in strains of Neisseria gonorrhea isolated in Touraine over a 5-year period].

347 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Touraine, France, from December 1978 to March 1984 were tested for susceptibility to seven antibiotics using an agar dilution method. Percentage of strains with a penicillin G MIC = 0.06 micrograms/ml rose from 58% in 78-80 to 69% in 82-84. Consistent amoxicillin MICs were found throughout the survey (MIC 50: 0.125 and MIC 90: 0.5 micrograms/ml). Three penicillinase-producing strains were recovered from patients contaminated outside the study area. For tetracycline, minocycline, chloramphenicol and spectinomycin, variations of MICs 50 and 90 did not exceed one dilution either way. For spiramycin, MICs 50 and 90 fell from 2 and 8 micrograms/ml respectively in 78-80 to 1 and 2 micrograms/ml in 82-84. Our findings show that susceptibility of Gonococci to the main antibiotics used for treating gonococcal infections in our area has not changed significantly over the last five years. Moreover, implantation and diffusion of penicillinase-producing strains has failed to occur.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Acute gonococcal salpingitis].

The authors describe their experience in handling cases of acute salpingitis in a retrospective study that lasted six years. The protocol of investigation in particular consisted in routine laparoscopy and a complete bacteriological investigation. 266 patients had laparoscopy on suspicion of salpingitis and the diagnosis was confirmed in 199 cases (64.8%). Out of the 134 patients who were fully explored bacteriologically and kept in the study the principal group consisted of cases of gonococcal salpingitis (41.8%), whereas 29.8% of the cases had infection with opportunistic pathogens and 28.3% were of doubtful aetiology or where no bacteria were discovered. The figures for recovery of gonococcal bacteria were constant throughout the six years of the study. Gonococcal salpingitis occurred more often in younger women (the mean age was 24.4 years). The signs that were statistically most frequent were: discharge, metrorrhagia and a raised sedimentation rate. The differences that concerned the epidemiology of the cases as well as the clinical and bacteriological data as given in our series and in the literature are presented and discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Haemophilus influenzae orchitis in an adult].

This article reports the case of an adult suffering from orchitis due to Haemophilus influenzae. The difficulties encountered in isolating this bacteria when the correct techniques are not used may explain the apparent rarity of Haemophilus influenzae infections of the genital tract. The physiopathological mechanisms of this infection are discussed in relation to the characteristics of the strain isolated.

Adult↗