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Biomedical subjects

G Persson

Publications and source records attributed to G Persson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The bronchodilator response from increasing doses of terbutaline inhaled from a multi-dose powder inhaler (Turbuhaler).

Twelve adult asthmatics inhaled single doses of 0.5, 2.0 or 4.0 mg of terbutaline, respectively, via Turbuhaler, on three separate days. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and pulse rate were measured 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after inhalation from the inhaler and then hourly up to 8 h. The results showed that a more rapid onset of action, a greater maximal response and a longer duration of action can be achieved by exceeding the standard dose of terbutaline of 0.5 mg. The incidence of adverse effects was very low even at the highest dose, 4 mg. This study emphasizes the need for individual dosing of inhaled bronchodilators.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Pulmonary disposition of the potent glucocorticoid budesonide, evaluated in an isolated perfused rat lung model.

Budesonide is a potent glucocorticoid developed for the local treatment of respiratory disorders such as bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. We now report the lung disposition of 3H-budesonide administered either via the air passages or via the pulmonary circulation using isolated perfused and ventilated rat lungs. A rapid initial absorption was found after intratracheal administration of a clinically relevant dose of the drug. However, about half of the given dose was slowly released into the lung perfusate. The lung uptake of budesonide from the pulmonary circulation was relatively high (lung extraction ratio about 0.12). These data points to a high lung affinity for budesonide. The drug was not biotransformed in the lung. The high lung affinity and absence of lung metabolism can be important factors to explain the good therapeutic effects seen with budesonide in the clinic.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Combined effect of dimethylnitrosamine and a lysine-restricted diet on O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase levels in mouse tissues.

O6-Methylguanine is a lesion produced in DNA after exposure of animals to the procarcinogen dimethylnitrosamine. The lesion may lead to mutagenesis or carcinogenesis if not repaired. Repair is accomplished by the protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MT). The methyl group is transferred to a cysteine residue of the protein, which is not regenerated. In mice, after exposure to alkylating agents, the synthesis of the protein is non-inducible. The inactivation of MT as a result of the transmethylation makes new synthesis of the protein molecules necessary for further dealkylation reactions. Protein synthesis activity correlates well with dietary protein quality. Nutritional conditions of amino acid restriction will limit the number of MT molecules synthesized. Continuous exposure of mice to dimethylnitrosamine will further diminish the pool of the protein. In this study, mice were fed a diet low in lysine and simultaneously given dimethylnitrosamine in the drinking water at concentrations resulting in dosages of zero, 0.4 mg or 1.2 mg/kg body weight/day. After 6 days MT was assayed in liver, kidney and lung. In liver and kidney, lysine restriction provoked a decrease in MT levels per mg of tissue DNA which was intensified by the presence of dimethylnitrosamine in the drinking water. Recovery from lysine restriction with respect to MT levels was achieved within 2 days. In lung, moderate effects on MT levels were observed when dietary lysine restriction was combined with the highest dosage of dimethylnitrosamine used (1.2 mg/kg body weight/day). The data strongly emphasize the importance of an adequate amino acid mixture in the diet, to support protein synthesis and to allow for high MT levels and repair of DNA lesions at the O-6 position of guanine during the exposure of the animals to alkylating agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of anamnestic data in patients referred for oral cholecystography.

The knowledge about how patients are selected for elective gallbladder investigations is limited. In this study the anamnestic data of 817 patients referred for an elective cholecystography have been compared with those of 789 matched controls. Other diseases in the medical history were commonly seen, and different gastrointestinal symptoms occurred frequently in the patients. Only 207 (23%) patients presented with a gallstone disease, and no symptom was commoner in these patients than in the patients with normal cholecystograms. The low positive yield could be due to liberal and unclear indications for oral cholecystography. Many gallstones detected this way may in fact be asymptomatic, which should be borne in mind when a cholecystectomy is considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Immunotherapy with dog and cat allergen preparations in dog-sensitive and cat-sensitive asthmatics.

Standardized dog and cat allergen preparations with defined allergen composition were used for immunotherapy (IT) in dog-sensitive and/or cat-sensitive adult patients. Seventeen patients completed 1 year of IT. Eleven patients were treated with dog allergen, five with cat allergen, and one with both dog and cat allergen. The treatment was well tolerated, with increased subjective tolerance. After 3 months of IT there was a significant decrease in conjunctival (p less than .05) and skin sensitivity (p less than .05). Specific IgE decreased significantly within 1 year as assayed by RAST and IgE-crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. Specific IgG increased in all patients. The results indicate that IT with potent and standardized dog and cat allergens influence the sensitivity to these allergens.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

The bronchodilator response from inhaled terbutaline is influenced by the mass of small particles: a study on a dry powder inhaler (Turbuhaler).

This study was carried out to investigate if particles approximately less than 5 microns are optimal when delivered from a dry powder inhaler. It was performed as a cumulative dose response study of twelve asthmatic adults. Three different versions of a dry powder inhaler, Bricanyl Turbuhaler, were studied. Each inhaler delivered 0.5 mg of pure terbutaline sulphate with each dose. Out of this 0.5 mg, they delivered 90 micrograms, 40 micrograms and 5 micrograms, respectively, of particles approximately less than 5 microns with each dose at an inspiratory flow rate of 28 l.min-1. Terbutaline 0.5 mg, 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg and 2.0 mg was inhaled with a 30 min interval between the doses. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured 5 and 20 min after each dose. The bronchodilator response was greater with the inhaler delivering 90 micrograms of small particles with each dose than with the inhaler delivering 5 micrograms, thus confirming the importance of small (approximately less than 5 microns) particles.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Bambuterol: clinical effects of different doses of a long-acting bronchodilator prodrug.

Sixty-eight asthmatics participated in a dose-finding study on bambuterol, a terbutaline prodrug, administered once every evening. Bambuterol administrations of 0.185, 0.270 and 0.400 mg/kg gave effective and long-lasting bronchodilation, for at least 24 h, with the two higher doses probably close to the maximal effect of the drug. Bambuterol 0.400 mg/kg was associated with more adverse effects than bambuterol 0.185 mg/kg. The side effects were those expected in oral beta 2-agonist treatment and mainly experienced by patients who had not been on oral beta 2-agonists before. The most favourable of the investigated doses was found to be 0.270 mg/kg. It can not be excluded, however, that a somewhat lower dose may still be as beneficial. This will be investigated in forthcoming studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Nocturnal asthma: effects of slow-release terbutaline on spirometry and arterial blood-gases.

The effect of terbutaline, in a slow-release preparation, on spirometry and arterial blood-gases, was studied in fourteen patients with nocturnal asthma. The patients were treated with either 15 mg of slow-release terbutaline or placebo given as a single dose at 10 pm for eight days in a double-blind crossover trial. The patients were studied in the hospital for one night at the end of each treatment period. During active treatment the patients had a significantly higher FEV1 and PaO2 compared with placebo. Tolerance to the high single dose was good and none of the patients discontinued treatment because of side-effects. In patients with nocturnal asthma treatment with a high dose of slow-release terbutaline given as a single dose in the evening appears to be effective.

Asthma↗
PubMed1988

A new multiple dose powder inhaler, (Turbuhaler), compared with a pressurized inhaler in a study of terbutaline in asthmatics.

Twelve adult asthmatic patients participated in an open, randomized, cross-over comparison between cumulatively increasing doses of terbutaline sulphate administered via the multiple dose powder inhaler (Turbuhaler) or via a pressurized inhaler. Turbuhaler and the pressurized inhaler showed equipotency both with respect to bronchodilatation and side effects. Both treatments produced a significant increase in pulmonary function measurements, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). No increase in pulse rate was seen with either treatment but there was an increase in tremor at higher doses with both treatments. Inhalation of beta-agonists via Turbuhaler seems to be an effective way of treating asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Comparison between a new once-daily, bronchodilating drug, bambuterol, and terbutaline sustained-release, twice daily.

Bambuterol is a prodrug, from which terbutaline is slowly generated. The objectives of the study were to evaluate whether bambuterol, given once daily, can control symptoms in asthmatic patients and to compare the bronchodilating effect and the side effects with those of terbutaline sustained-release (SR) tablets given twice daily. Twenty-five out-patients with bronchial asthma were treated during two consecutive 14-day periods with either 30 mg bambuterol tablets once every evening or 2 x 5 mg terbutaline SR tablets morning and evening. The study had a double-blind, cross-over and randomized design. The mean evening peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (i.e. 24 h after intake of bambuterol and 12 h after intake of terbutaline SR) was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher during bambuterol than during terbutaline treatment (432 vs 415 l/min). The need for beta-adrenoceptor agonist aerosol in the daytime was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower during treatment with bambuterol once daily (0.70 puffs) than with terbutaline SR b.i.d. (1.04 puffs). The type and intensity of the side effects were the same during both treatments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Is exercise-induced blood pressure rise predictive of nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes?

A follow-up study was performed in 48 male diabetics and 17 age-matched male controls, who in 1963 and 1971 participated in an exercise study to evaluate if the results could predict later development of diabetic nephropathy. The inclusion criteria were: Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes with age below 40, onset of diabetes before age of 30, duration of diabetes more than 7 years and no proteinuria at the time for the first study. The diabetics demonstrated higher systolic blood pressure (BP) at work but as good physical condition as the controls. Thirteen developed nephropathy after 23 years (range 15-36) of diabetes duration. It was found that exercise-induced, abnormally raised systolic BP was not associated with later development of diabetic nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Incidence of deep vein thrombosis in bedridden non-surgical patients.

In order to detect deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 101 patients with acute medical or infectious disorders were examined with the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test. All patients were bedridden on admission and were scanned daily from the second to the eighth day. Thirteen patients developed a positive fibrinogen uptake test. Thus, if a positive test is interpreted as DVT, the incidence of DVT was 13% in our bedridden patients. Of the patients admitted because of heart disease or pneumonia 20% had DVT, but only 4% of those admitted with other diagnoses. Other clinical "risk factors" studied, could not identify patients who developed DVT.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Cancer survival and social class in Sweden.

A study of 98,000 cases in the Swedish Cancer Registry from 1961 to 1979 was undertaken. The relative survival by social class was calculated. There was a higher survival probability for white collar workers than for blue collar workers or self-employed farmers for all cancer, as well as for particular cancers, such as, for instance, cancer of the breast and cervix among women and cancer of the rectum among men. For lung cancer, cancer of the stomach, and pancreatic cancer there were no detectable differences in survival probability. The findings can be considered in the light of various possible explanations, for instance, early detection, differential treatment, and host factors.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Arrhythmogenicity from combined bronchodilator therapy in patients with obstructive lung disease and concomitant ischemic heart disease.

Twenty-four patients (five women) aged 53-72 yr with both ischemic heart disease and asthma or chronic bronchitis receiving oral beta 2-agonists also received additional bronchodilating therapy with theophylline (600 mg daily), enprofylline (600 mg daily) or placebo. The study was double-blind, randomized, triple-crossover with each regimen given for two weeks. Holter monitoring was used during 48 consecutive hours in each period. Compared with placebo, addition of theophylline and enprofylline were associated with an increased mean hourly heart rate of 6 bpm (p less than 0.001). A small, but statistically significant (p less than 0.05) increase in mean hourly frequency of premature ventricular beats (PVBs) occurred with enprofylline as compared with placebo. However, in only two patients with enprofylline (and one patient with theophylline) the increase in PVBs was such that a clinically relevant proarrhythmic effect seems possible. Furthermore, ventricular tachycardia was not more frequently observed with any xanthine than with placebo. Thus, combined oral bronchodilator therapy is not contraindicated in patients with obstructive lung disease and concomitant ischemic heart disease. Holter monitoring is recommended to assess the individual patient's response to such therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Bone-plates for stabilizing Le Fort I osteotomies.

16 adults were treated by inferior repositioning of the maxilla. Miniaturized plates were used for stabilizing the jaw in its new position. No interpositional bone grafts were used but the osteotomy spaces were covered by strips of cancellous iliac bone. Healing was uncomplicated. Retrospective cephalometric study of the results of treatment showed a mean frontal vertical relapse of about 20% (range 0-100%). The relapse occurred during the early postoperative period. No linear correlation was found between the amount of vertical repositioning and the anterior vertical relapse. We consider that the mini-plate technique is more advantageous than previous methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Mental disorder at seventy in relation to social factors and attitudes during life.

Associations between social factors or attitudes during their life-span and mental disorders at 70 were studied in 166 men and 226 women belonging to the population study "70-year-olds in Gothenburg". Poverty during childhood, arduous job during mature age, and low frequency of social visiting were associated with mental disorder in men, and poverty during childhood and indications of current isolation, with mental disorder in women. Living alone was associated with mental disorder only if combined with factors, such as lack of daily contact with others, or low frequency of social visiting. Combinations of stress and strain during the life-span were associated with feelings of fatigue, while there was no association between losses and mental disorder. Dissatisfaction during the life-span, in women especially with regard to their childhood, was associated with mental disorder.

Aged↗