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Biomedical subjects

G Pauli

Publications and source records attributed to G Pauli.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Studies on Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergens: measurement of the relative potencies of D. pteronyssinus purified extracts by in vitro and in vivo methods.

To standardize the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extracts used in clinical allergy practice, the relative potencies of several purified extracts were estimated by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition, histamine release, and intracutaneous titration testing, and the results were compared. The potencies of nine independently prepared D. pteronyssinus extracts were assayed with respect to an extract adopted as a reference. In vivo the cutaneous wheal surface after intradermal injections was measured on a population of D. pteronyssinus-sensitive subjects. In vitro RAST inhibition was performed with the reference extract as allergosorbent and with a pool of human IgE-rich sera from patients sensitized to D. pteronyssinus but untreated. For histamine release human basophils from patients allergic to D. pteronyssinus were used. In the three method dose-response curves were plotted for the reference extract and the other extracts. A comparison of the measurement of in vitro and in vivo potencies is reported. Simialr results were obtained with the three methods: all the extracts but one were as potent as the reference preparation. However, for routine purposes RAST inhibition appears to be the most convenient and reliable procedure.

Allergens↗
PubMed1980

Meat wrapper's asthma: identification of the causal agent.

Meat wrapper's asthma is a typical example of occupational asthma due to emissions from chemical products. The authors report three new cases due to the use of the now classic meat packaging techniques in supermarkets. The chemical agents involved were identified. Inhalation tests have been carried out in one patient with the complete wrappings, i.e. the PVC film and the price labels, and separate tests were performed with eight additives of the PVC film, and with phthalic anhydride and di-cyclohexylphthalate emitted from heated price labels. These tests incriminate two products: phthalic anhydride seems to be the principal causal agent and epoxidized soybean oil can be suspected as a secondary agent causing this occupational asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Is tartrazine-induced asthma related to inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis?

Since it has been suggested that aspirin-induced asthma is due to inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis, the present investigation was undertaken to determine whether tartrazine would display a similar profile. Use was made of the exquisite sensitivity of blood platelets, both in humans and in rats, to aggregating substances generated from arachidonic acid during PG biosynthesis and of the ability of aspirin to inhibit aggregation and generation of those substances. Failure to affect aggregation by arachidonic acid as well as the accompanying formation of thromboxane A2, demonstrates that neither tartrazine nor its metabolite sulfanilic acid inhibit platelet PG synthesis. It seems unlikely that tartrazine-induced asthma results from inhibition of PG biosynthesis.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1980

["Active" rosettes and skin tests to recall antigens and phytohemagglutinin in 48 patients with non metastatic squamous cell lung carcinoma and before treatment (author's transl)].

Looking for an early immune defect assay in non metastatic (MO) squamous cell lung carcinoma, 48 untreated patients were tested at the time of diagnosis for peripheral blood "active" rosette-forming T lymphocytes, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to recall antigens and skin reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). 32 patients had a resectable tumour (group 1) and 16 patients had a loco-regional extension which made the tumour inoperable (group 2). No significant difference (p greater than 0.05) was observed between any of the two groups of patients and normal controls nor between group 1 and 2 for "active" rosettes and skin tests to recall antigens. However, skin reaction to PHA was significantly impaired in patients of both groups compared to normal age-matched controls whatever the dose of PHA (4 microgram and 10 microgram). The number of unreactive patients in group 2 was higher than in group 1, but the difference was not significant (p greater than 0.05). It is concluded that skin reactivity to PHA is an useful and easy assay for cell-mediated immunity deficiency in early squamous cell lung carcinoma, whereas "active" rosettes are not altered.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1980

[Indication or surgical abstention in the treatment of emphysematous bullae (author's transl)].

During a 9-year period from 1968 to 1977, in the case of bullae measuring at least 10 cm diameter, 21 surgical interventions and 31 conservative treatments were performed. The indications were either peremptory (irreductible pneumothorax, acute extension of the bullae) or spontaneously determined using a series of detailed criteria. The frequency of bronchial cancer occurring in the emphysematous bullae is noteworthy (8 cases out of 55 observations).

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Inhibition experiments with solid phase mite or epithelia in house dust hypersensitivity.

The present study was undertaken to verify that mites are not the only allergens in house dust extracts and that other allergens such as cat epithelia can also be responsible for house dust hypersensitivities detected both by house dust skin tests and house dust RAST studies. In order to determine whether mite or epithelia fixed on a solid phase could remove not only the IgE antibodies reactive with the homologous allergens, but also the IgE antibodies reactive with house dust allergens, the authors have absorbed 10 sera of house dust allergic patients with solid phase mite or epithelia. The absorption procedure removed a large part of the IgE antibodies reactive with specific immunosorbent (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or cat epithelia) and in the same way the IgE antibodies reactive with house dust immunosorbent. The percentage of RAST inhibition varied from 65% to 92% for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and from 65% to 94% for house dust in patients allergic to house dust and mite; the percentage of RAST inhibition varied from 67% to 92% for cat epithelia and from 73% to 90% for house dust in patients allergic to house dust and cat epithelia. This is in accordance with the hypothesis that house dust is not an allergen per se, but rather a complex mosaic of several allergens including mite, animal epithelia, etc.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

[Clinical, pathologica and genetic analysis of 53 cases of broncho-pulmonary cancer, still surviving after 5 years (author's transl)].

The authors take up again the clinical, pathological and genetic analysis of 53 bronchial cancers with a survival exceeding 5 years. The operation samples were reexamined; a H.L.A. grouping was done in every cases. On the whole, it concerned patients under 60 in good general condition; the extension of their lesions only required a limited exeresis (lobectomy). The epidermoid form predominates, the lymph node invasion is rare. Seventy four per cent of the patients carry at least one of the following antigens: W 19, A 10, B 5, BW 35. But the study did not prove the existence of a genetic factor conditioning the survival.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Polyethylene glycol-mediated infection with avian sarcoma viruses.

In this communication we report that fusion of viral and cellular membranes by polyethylene glycol is a convenient approach to overcoming genetically determined resistance to infection. Using this method, avian sarcoma virus-transformed mammalian cells have been produced which serve as useful model systems for the study of Rous sarcoma virus-specific tumor antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The structure of the Rous sarcoma virus glycoprotein complex.

The viral envelope glycoprotein gp85 is released from purified Rous sarcoma virus by treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, while the second surface antigen gp35 remains associated with the membrane of intact virus particles. The data represented substantiate and extend previous observations on the Rous sarcoma virus glycoprotein complex.

Avian Sarcoma Viruses↗
PubMed1978

Bovine and ovine leukemia viruses. I. Characterization of viral antigens.

A comparative study on several virus-specific antigens of bovine and ovine leukemia viruses is presented. In addition to the major immunologically reactive, nonglycosylated antigen p21, which has a molecular weight of 21,000, both viruses share two glycoproteins of apparent molecular weights of 60,000 (gp60) and 32,000 (gp32), respectively. Immunological cross-reaction suggests that ovine and bovine leukemia viruses are genetically highly related.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Immunoprecipitation of herpes simplex virus type 1 antigens with different antisera and human cerebrospinal fluids.

Rabbit convalescent and hyperimmune sera, human patient and blood donor sera, as well as cerebrospinal fluids of humans with herpes simplex virus encephalitis all recognize similar major antigenic components in herpes simplex virus infected rabbit or human cells as shown by electrophoretic analysis of immunoprecipitates. Besides the main glycoproteins with an apparent molecular weight of 100,000 (peak I) the antisera precipitate glycoproteins in a region of an apparent mol. wt. of 60,000--80,000 (peak II), which were resolved into distinct glycoprotein species only by antibody-containing cerebrospinal fluids. The peak II glycoproteins appear on the surface of the infected cell early, and absorb neutralizing antibodies, whereas the peak I glycoproteins are less accessible. Both antigens can be demonstrated in the cell as early as about 2 hours post infection. All major antigenic components studied were found to be glycosylated except one protein with an apparent mol. wt. of 110,000. The herpesvirus specificity of these antigens is demonstrated by a variety of control experiments. The antigens detected are virion components.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits infected with Borna disease virus.

Rabbits were inoculated intracerebrally with Borna disease virus infected brain suspension or tissue culture extracts. In 30 per cent of the diseased animals infectious virus was present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF had increased numbers of lymphocytes and an elevation of the protein concentration, mainly due to an increase in gamma-globulins, was measured. The gamma-globulins were of oligoclonal character and reacted with a borna disease virus specific antigen of infected brains or tissue culture cells. The antibody titers in the CSF were of similar level to those in the serum. In comparison, those of the CSF of naturally infected horses always exceeded the serum titers. Injection of tracer substances revealed that no drastic damage to the blood-brain barrier was caused during the disease. The results suggest that antibodies detected in the CSF are locally produced. The significance of these findings for the pathogenesis of Borna disease is discussed.

Albumins↗
PubMed1977

Correlation between skin tests, inhalation tests and specific IgE in a study of 120 subjects allergic to house dust and Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus.

The radioallergosorbent test was compared with currently accepted allergy diagnostic techniques in seventy-four controls and 120 patients with a clinical history of allergy to house dust and Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus. The results obtained with D. pteronyssinus allergen extract show a close correlation between the size of the cutaneous reactions and the serum level of allegen-specific IgE. On the other hand, highly positive skin tests to house dust were not always correlated with a positive RAST response for house dust. Similar results were found with inhalation tests. When a purified D. pteronyssinus extract was used, a stronger relationship was observed between RAST, cutaneous and inhalation tests. It can be assumed that RAST for house dust is not of value in patients with house dust and mite allergy. Our findings indicate that the correlations between RAST results and other in vivo test results depend on the purity of the allergen extracts and the selection of patients.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1976

[Value of specific IgE levels in the etiological diagnosis of asthma].

The authors report a study of skin and inhalation tests and of specific IgE in 76 control subjects and 180 patients with allergic asthma. There is a remarkable correlation between the skin tests and the R.A.S.T. in pollinosis (96% of correlation) and in the respiratory allergy to Dermatrophagoides pteronyssinus (120 patients and 87.5% of correlation). It is good in the allergy to animal dander (82% of correlation) but poorer in the respiratory allergy to house dust (62% of correlation). The comparative study of inhalation tests and R.A.S.T. confirms that the degree of correlation depends on the quality of the allergens and on the patients selection. With the extract of house dust (101 cases) the correlation is only of 61.9%, whereas it reaches 95% with a purified extract of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (38 cases). The comparison between the treshold of allergenic sensitivity and the group of R.A.S.T. shows that to one group of high R.A.S.T. usually corresponds a low treshold of bronchial sensitivity (D.L.A.L. less than 100 gamma of extract of D. pt. in 22 patients having a R.A.S.T.D. pt. of group 3 or 4). Besides being valuable in characterizing allergens, the R.A.S.T. when confronted to the case history, to skin and inhalation tests, provides supplementary information leading to a more precise allergological diagnosis. In respiratory allergies caused by well known allergens (pollen, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), the R.A.S.T. could be substituted to skin and inhalation tests, when in agreement with clinical data. In doubtful cases, the inhalation tests would still keep their value and the confrontation of different techniques is necessary.

Acari↗