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Biomedical subjects

G Pastore

Publications and source records attributed to G Pastore.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Discharge report accuracy.

The clinical report is one of the most useful ways of cooperation between the hospital doctors and general practitioners. This paper is aimed at checking the accuracy of clinical reports in an Italian children's hospital. The authors examined 200 clinical reports after establishing some criteria to be fulfilled in order to write a good clinical report. Only 18 reports were considered good; the results were discussed with the physicians who had written the reports. At a second evaluation, the authors checked the efficacy of the proposed changes: 97 clinical reports were considered good.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of the replication kinetics in primary culture of isolates of HIV-1 from infected patients in various stages of the disease].

The authors have studied the replicative kinetics and the induction of cytopathic effects of HIV-1 in primary co-cultures from infected subjects at various stages of the disease. Cultures from subjects with ARC or AIDS yielded HIV-1 replication more precociously and at higher levels compared to those from asymptomatic subjects; cytopathic effect "in vitro" were observed more frequently and earlier in cell cultures from ARC/AIDS subjects. Presented data indicate that the clinical and immunological deterioration during HIV-1 infection is related to viral replicative activity and suggest that the study of HIV-1 replicative kinetics in primary co-cultures may be helpful in predicting who will progress to AIDS.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1991

[Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from whole blood].

The authors describe a simple and sensitive technique for HIV isolation from small amounts of heparinized whole blood. This method demonstrated a high efficiency in detecting HIV at all stages of disease and appeared more sensitive with respect to viral isolation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Although further studies are needed to better understand the biological significance of a positive cultural result obtained by this method, HIV isolation from whole blood can be routinely employed, especially when small amounts of blood are available.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Different biological properties of paired HIV-1 isolates from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cerebrospinal fluid.

Seven paired HIV-1 isolates from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMCs) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infected subjects at various stages of the disease were studied for their capacity to replicate in continuous cell lines (Molt-3 and U-937 cells) and to induce cytopathic effects "in vitro". Obtained results indicate that paired HIV-1 isolates from PMCs and CSF of the same patient can differ in their replicative activity "in vitro", suggesting that, at least in some cases, CSF isolates may represent a distinct subtype of HIV-1.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1990

Parental occupation and other environmental factors in the etiology of leukemias and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in childhood: a case-control study.

We report the results of a hospital-based, case-control study on acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (AnLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in childhood. The study was conducted from 1981 to 1984 in Turin (Italy). One hundred and forty-two children with ALL, 22 with AnLL and 19 with NHL were included, as well as 307 controls. Information on parental smoking habits, parental occupation, ionizing radiation and childhood diseases were collected using a standard questionnaire during a personal interview of the relative attending the child in the hospital. The odds ratios for antenatal diagnostic radiation were 1.1 (NS) for ALL and 2.4 (NS) for AnLL. No association was found with diseases in childhood. Paternal and maternal smoking habits were similar for ALL cases and controls. Both maternal and paternal smoking were associated with NHL: for paternal smoking, odds ratios were around 5, but without a correlation with number of cigarettes. Positive associations observed with maternal employment were: ALL with teacher and cleaner; AnLL and textile worker; NHL and baker. Corresponding association with paternal jobs were: ALL with clerks, farmers and employment in office equipment production; AnLL and workers in building, tire or textile industries; NHL and lorry drivers, workers in the building or in the wood and furniture industry.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hepatitis B virus clearance from serum and liver after acute hepatitis delta virus superinfection in chronic HBsAg carriers.

Clinical, virological, and histological findings in four HBsAg chronic carriers who cleared HBV markers from both serum and liver following HDV superinfection are described. The patients were long-term HBsAg carriers and all were HBV-DNA/HBeAg positive. Liver biopsy, obtained from three of the patients between 5 and 15 months prior to HDV superinfection, showed chronic persistent hepatitis in two and chronic active hepatitis in one. During the follow-up of 9-19 months, the patients completely recovered from acute delta hepatitis with termination of HBsAg carriage and regression of the histological feature of chronic liver damage. These data demonstrate that sometimes HDV is able to induce a permanent inhibition of its helper virus. HDV superinfection probably enhances the immune clearance of infected cells during the replicative phase of chronic HBV infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

HIV-1 variability and progression to AIDS: a longitudinal study.

HIV-1 replicative activity and its relation to the clinical and immunological evolution of infection was studied in a group of 150 HIV-1 seropositive Italian i.v. drug abusers over a 1 year period. HIV-1 was isolated from 90 (60%) subjects; two groups of isolates were distinguished, according to replicative activity "in vitro" and ability to induce cytopathic effects in cell cultures, and were termed "rapid-high" and "slow-low" viruses, in agreement with other workers. Rapid-high viruses were recovered more frequently from patients with ARC/AIDS, while slow-low viruses seemed related to the asymptomatic period of infection. The replicative properties of HIV-1 seem to affect strongly the course of disease. In fact, an important CD4 cell decline occurred in asymptomatic subjects with rapid-high virus infection; asymptomatic subjects with negative viral cultures or with slow-low viruses showed no such decline. Asymptomatic subjects with negative viral cultures had no signs of disease during the observation period, while 9% with slow-low virus and 45% with rapid-high virus progressed to AIDS.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1990

Problems in the management of chronic hepatitis B with interferon: experience in a randomized, multicentre study.

In a multicentre trial, 82 patients known to be hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA positive for at least 1 year, with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels and chronic liver lesions on biopsy, were randomized to receive either recombinant interferon alfa-2a at a dose of 4.5 million units thrice weekly for 4 months or no treatment. At the end of therapy, viral DNA clearance and aminotransferase normalization were significantly (p less than 0.05) more frequent in treated patients than in controls. After 16 months' follow up, the difference was still significant for hepatitis B e antigen clearance and transaminase normalization. Hepatitis B virus DNA reactivation was observed during follow up in 43% of treated patients and 50% of controls. Improvements in liver inflammation were observed in patients on interferon. High pre-treatment serum aminotransferase levels, female sex and a low score for fibrosis in the initial biopsy were predictive factors significantly (p less than 0.05) associated with termination of hepatitis B virus replication in treated cases. These results indicate that interferon is effective in inducing clearance of HBV from serum and improvement of biochemical and histological parameters of liver disease. However, a more prolonged regimen of therapy may be required to obtain stable suppression of hepatitis B virus replication.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Incidence of IDDM during 1984-1986 in population aged less than 30 yr. Residents of Turin, Italy.

The goal of this study was to measure the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) during 1984-1986 in residents of Turin, Italy, aged less than 30 yr. The primary data source was the list of all subjects diagnosed with IDDM who attended diabetes clinics in Turin. Other data sources were the general register of death certificates, the list of hospital discharges, and the computerized data base of insulin prescriptions. Eighty incident cases of IDDM were identified during the study in 1,130,284 person-yr for those less than 30 yr of age. Age-adjusted (world standard) incidence rates were 8.05, 8.10, and 6.96/100,000 in the age-groups 0-14, 0-19, and 0-29 yr, respectively. Estimated completeness of the primary data source compared with all other data sources was 91%, whereas the estimated completeness of ascertainment of the registry was 99%. Incidence rates of IDDM in northern Italy compare with those of European countries with low-medium incidence. A population-based register is being established for the province of Turin (951,445 inhabitants aged 0-29 yr) for the collection of incident cases since 1984.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Correlation of viral replication activity, the clinical phase of the disease and immunologic deterioration in HIV infection].

The authors have studied the relationship among HIV replicative activity, expressed by HIV isolation from peripheral blood lymphocytes and p24 antigenemia detection, and the evolution of infection, in terms of stage of disease and T4 cells absolute number, in a group of 120 infected subjects. Data presented indicate that the expression of viral gene products is related both to clinical and immunological deterioration and suggest that viral replication plays a central role in the progression of the disease.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1990

[Virological monitoring in subjects with HIV infection under treatment with zidovudine (AZT)].

The authors report preliminary results of the virological evaluation (performed by serum p24 antigen detection and HIV isolation from peripheral blood lymphocytes) of Zidovudine therapy in 64 anti-HIV positive subjects. Data presented indicate that the administration of therapeutic doses of the drug can efficiently and precociously inhibit viral replication, suggesting that the clinical benefits of the therapy may be related to the anti-viral activity of the drug. However, the anti-viral efficacy of Zidovudine seems to be of limited length; in fact a reactivation of viral replication was observed in most patients during the study.

Gene Products, gag↗
PubMed1990

HIV isolation from whole blood: a new approach to HIV detection.

The authors present a simple and sensitive culture technique for isolation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) from small amounts of heparinized whole blood. This method appeared to be highly sensitive at all stages of disease. Among asymptomatics HIV was isolated from 41.3% of subjects by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a standard co-cultivation technique and in 89.6% of cases using whole blood. In the group of AIDS patients, in contrast, HIV isolation rate of the two techniques was the same (94.4%). The presence of detectable p24 Ag in plasma did not affect cultural results and no false positive was observed in the control group. Although further studies are needed to better understand the biological significance of a positive cultural result obtained by this method, HIV isolation from whole blood can be routinely employed, especially when small amounts of blood are available.

Blood↗
PubMed1990

[Post-radiotherapy complications in malignant tumors of the nasopharynx. Analysis of 141 cases].

This study was aimed at retrospectively analyzing the incidence and severity of the complications occurred in 141 patients affected with nasopharyngeal carcinomas treated with exclusive radiotherapy from 1960 to 1986. The acute complications were analyzed (85/141 grade II-III mucositis which generally came to a complete remission) which occurred during and immediately after radiation treatment. The late damage was then studied which occurred in 74/141 patients (52.5%) and which may worsen patients' quality of life. Finally, the incidence and severity of damage were correlated with some parameters: sex, age, performance status, risk factors (tabagism, alcoholism, diabetes), stage, total dose, fractionation, and processing techniques for treatment planning.

Adolescent↗