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Biomedical subjects

G Pastore

Publications and source records attributed to G Pastore.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Isolation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from the cerebro-spinal fluid].

The authors describe a simple and available technique for HIV isolation from cerebrospinal fluid and report preliminary results obtained. Exposed data indicate that neurological involvement occurs early in the natural history of HIV infection and that the virus may be recovered in CSF at all stages of the disease, regardless of immunological conditions of patients. Virological evaluation of CSF may be important in understanding pathogenetic aspects of HIV infection and in clinical management of infected patients.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1990

[Technical note on the isolation of HIV from peripheral lymphomonocytes: use of PHA].

As a part of ongoing study about the role that different technical factors may play in influencing the sensibility of HIV isolation procedures, the authors have evaluated the effects of PHA stimulation of infected cells on HIV replication in cell cultures. Data presented demonstrate that the use of PHA in cell cultures for HIV isolation causes a slower viral replication and, in some cases, inhibits HIV growth.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1989

Risk factors for soft tissue sarcomas in childhood: a case-control study.

A hospital-based case-control study on soft tissue sarcomas (STS) was conducted in 1983-84 in Torino and in Padova (Italy). Cases (36 children with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and 16 non RMS-STS) were compared to 326 controls. Histories of parental smoking habits and occupations, parental and children's exposure to ionizing radiation, children's diseases and some other variables were collected through interviews to the relatives attending the child in the hospital. A non statistically significant association was observed with both maternal age above 30 at child's birth (STS: OR = 1.5, C.I. = 0.8-2.9; RMS: OR = 1.9, C.I. = 0.9-4.0) and "in utero" exposure to diagnostic radiation (STS: OR = 1.9, C.I. = 0.5-6.5, based on 4 cases). No association was found with children's previous diseases. Paternal and maternal smoking habits were similar for RMS and STS cases and controls. Some positive associations with either maternal or paternal occupational histories were identified. They are difficult to interpret in view of the large number of comparisons and small absolute figures. They included maternal employment as medical doctor and nurse, farmer, textile worker and machine tool operator. An association was also observed with paternal occupation as butcher, building worker or employment in the production of domestic appliances. One case and no controls reported a maternal aunt affected by breast cancer.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1989

[The discordance between the presence of identifiable p24 antigen in the blood and the isolation of HIV from the blood is not influenced by methodological factors].

To clarify the biological, clinical and prognostic relevance of HIV isolation from plasma and explain the relation to p24 antigenemia, we studied these two markers in 67 anti-HIV positive subjects in different stages of the disease. The results suggest that discordances between these two parameters are not dependent on methodological problems and may be attributed to yet unexplained biological phenomena. Some hypotheses to explain the observed discrepancies are suggested.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of supraglottic laryngeal tumors. Case reports].

Radiotherapy obtains better results when employed alone, in initial forms (T1-T2), and after surgery, when loco-regional relapse incidence reduces. Personal results in the treatment of laryngeal cancer are reported in 281 patients. One-hundred-forty-seven patients treated with exclusive radiotherapy had 5-year global and NED survival of 32.7% and 26.6%; 5-year NED survival in particular was 78.7% for T1-T2 and 22.9% for T3-T4. Subsequently 52.8% of patients relapsed. One-hundred-thirty-four patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy had a 5-year global and NED survival of 58.8% and 52.1%; relapses were observed in 20.9% of patients, mostly in cases with histological G3 grading or with rupture of the lymph node capsule. The importance of exclusive and postoperative radiotherapy with reference to prognostic factors that are deduced from the histological specimen is underlined.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Epidemiological features of Wilms' tumor: results of studies by the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP).

This descriptive epidemiology study of 1,040 children with Wilms' tumor (WT) registered in the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) clinical trials confirms the findings reported by the National Wilms' Tumor Study. The male:female rate was 0.89:1. The mean age at diagnosis of the 43 bilateral cases was significantly younger than children with unilateral renal involvement (32.4 vs 45 months). However, the mean ages of diagnosis for unilateral multicentric and for unicentric WT were very similar. On the other hand, the mean age at diagnosis of children with sporadic aniridia and hypospadias was younger than the mean age of patients with or without other congenital malformations. Thus aniridia as well as hypospadias could be indices of the first mutation, according to the Knudson and Stron hypothesis. WT was reported in two members of each of five families. However, these familial cases were comparable in terms of demographic and clinical features to the nonfamilial ones. These data suggest that the heritable fraction of WT is relatively small and that genetic and environmental factors interact in the development of WT.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1988

Effects of HIV superinfection on HBV replication in a chronic HBsAg carrier with liver disease.

A case of HIV superinfection observed in an HBsAg/HBeAg-positive male homosexual with chronic persistent hepatitis is described. Soon after the appearance of clinical and serological features of acute HIV infection, a rapid fall to a normal value of ALT was noted with simultaneous recrudescence of HBV replication lasting for several months as detected by an increase of the HBV-DNA concentration in the serum. Our observations suggest that the reduction of hepatocyte necrosis and the increase in HBV replication were a consequence of impaired T cell function during acute HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Tumor response and toxicity after single high-dose versus standard five-day divided-dose dactinomycin in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma.

This report deals with a randomized prospective multicentric clinical trial in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) conducted to evaluate the toxicity and the effectiveness of dactinomycin (ACT-D) administered as high, single doses v five-day, divided doses administered in combination with vincristine (VCR) and cyclophosphamide (CYC). Fifty-five group III evaluable patients (pts) less than 15 years of age with tumor size greater than 5 cm in diameter, without high-risk features of CNS involvement, and 15 group IV RMS pts were randomized to receive VAC as primary chemotherapy (CT): VCR, 1.5 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) days 1 and 8; CYC, 275 mg/m2 IV days 1 through 5; and ACT-D, 0.45 mg/m2 IV days 1 through 5 every 28 days for three cycles (33 pts), or VAC-M: CYC, 150 mg/m2 intramuscularly (IM) days 1 through 7; VCR, 2.0 mg/m2 IV day 8; and ACT-D, 1.7 mg/m2 IV day 8 every 21 days for four cycles (37 pts). Major responses (complete plus partial responses [PR]) were obtained in 67% of the VAC pts and in 70% of the VAC-M pts. Toxic effects were low, and no increased toxicity was observed in pts treated with high, single-dose ACT-D. These results confirm the effectiveness and feasibility of single, high doses of ACT-D with the advantage of requiring less pt hospitalization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Radiotherapy in the treatment of carcinomas of the base of the tongue. Analysis of the literature and personal experience].

Carcinoma of the base of the tongue is usually treated with radiation therapy. After a review of the literature, the findings are reported of 129 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue treated in 1979-1983, with a minimum of a 3-year follow-up: 8 T1, 40 T2, 60 T3 and 21 T4 were found; only 48 cases were N0. Advanced stages (stage III and stage IV) were 83% of the total. External photon irradiation (Cobalt-60) was used in all cases; 33 patients underwent chemotherapy or surgery as additional treatment. The overall local control rate was 45.7%. Local control decreased as T stage advanced: T1 62.5%, T2 55%, T3 41.7% and T4 33.3%. The overall regional control rate for lymph nodes clinically palpable was 51.8%. The overall actuarial 5-year survival rate was 29.1%. The 5-year survival rate according to the N-staging varied from 37% for N0-stage to 17.4% for N3-stage. The majority of failures (92.8%) occurred within 2 years since the end of the therapy. Treatment complications, secondary carcinomas and causes of death are also discussed. Radiation therapy has proven to be effective for early-stage carcinoma of the base of the tongue; in more extensive lesions results are poor. Improved results could be obtained by optimal application of radiotherapeutic techniques. Knowledge of the various prognostic factors is essential to administer the therapeutic regimen for a given patient by the characteristics of his particular tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Permanent inhibition of viral replication induced by low dosage of human leukocyte interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Fourteen out of 28 HBsAg/HBeAg-positive carriers with chronic persistent and active hepatitis were randomly assigned to human leukocyte interferon (a-IFN) treatment for three months. The remaining 14 patients served as controls. Each treated subject received a standard i.m. dose of 0.7-1.0 X 10(5)/kg/day reference units of a-IFN for 28 consecutive days, and then the same dose twice a week for two months. This treatment regimen was well tolerated, and no remarkable side effects were recorded. At six months the number of patients who permanently lost HBV-DNA from serum was significantly higher in the treated group (p = 0.006) than in the untreated group. These results suggest that a less expensive and well tolerated treatment regimen based on low dosage of a-IFN may be as effective in producing permanent inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication as a treatment regimen based on larger dosage.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Localized neuroblastoma. Surgical and pathologic staging.

Sixty-five children with neuroblastoma without evidence of distant metastases underwent initial tumor resection. Seventeen with no evidence of lymph node involvement in whom tumor resection was complete (Group 1) received no further antitumor therapy. One child died postoperatively; disease recurred in the bone marrow of one child at 52 months, the child subsequently died. Fifteen were alive without disease, giving an 82% actuarial five year survival. Forty-eight children with minimal residual tumor and/or regional lymph node involvement (Group 2) received two 5-day courses of Peptichemio (1.2 mg/kg/d) and the 29 children in this group who were older than 1 year of age at diagnosis were randomized to receive either radiotherapy to the tumor bed in addition or no radiotherapy. In Group 2, ten of the 48 have relapsed: six of 17 with initial lymph node involvement, three of four with tumor rupture at operation, and one of eight with tumor extension to the intervertebral foramen. No relapses were seen in the 19 children with minimal residual tumor confined to the tumor bed. Only one of the 18 Group 2 children who were younger than 1 year of age at diagnosis relapsed. Of the 29 Group 2 children who were older than 1 year of age at diagnosis, five relapses occurred in the 14 who received radiotherapy and four relapses in the 15 who did not receive radiotherapy. All six children with disseminated relapse died. Actuarial 5-year survival in Group 2 is 87%, and actuarial relapse-free survival, 76%.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Neurofibromatosis and malignant childhood cancers: a survey in Italy, 1970-83.

Neural tumors, Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma and several types of leukemia have been previously described in association with neurofibromatosis (NF). In a nation-wide collection of cases in Italy, 15 children (0-14 years of age) with NF and cancer or leukemia were identified; 13 of them had been diagnosed with cancer between 1976-83. The expected number of children with cancer and NF in 1976-83 was 4.48. The distribution of tumor types was different from that found in the general population, with a higher proportion of tumors of neural crest origin as well as soft tissue sarcomas. In 7/15 the family history was positive for NF; in 5/7 the individuals affected included the mother and/or a maternal relative.

Adolescent↗