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Biomedical subjects

G Palmieri

Publications and source records attributed to G Palmieri.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effects of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) intoxication on the nervous system of mammals and birds.

The authors studied, for the first time, the effects of 3-acetylpyridine administration on the nervous system of birds. The results were compared with those obtained in a mammal not studied yet. The data achieved from the guinea-pig confirmed substantially those got from other mammals, particularly from the rat. They pointed out the constant toxic action caused by the above drug inoculation on the central nervous system. The effects on birds are quite different: 3-AP administration, even at different doses from those employed in mammals, seldom provokes lesions of the central nervous system and the appearance of alterations does not depend on the considered species.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Foam cells in the development of human atheroma: a morphological and autoradiographic approach.

Human arterial biopsies were studied by morphometrical, cytochemical, autoradiographic and ultrastructural methods with the aim of determining whether intimal lesions in atherosclerosis are characterized by definite cytological patterns. The results have shown: 1. a strong association between fibro-atheromatous plaques and foam and monocyte-like cells; 2. very few foam cells in diffuse intimal thickening and pearly-white fibrous plaques; 3. macrophages and foam cells were the only cytotypes consistently labelled with 3H-TdR and presumably proliferating in the fibro-atheromatous plaques.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1984

Correlations between cerebellar activity and chronic nontoxic administration of phenytoin in rats.

The effect of long-term nontoxic treatment with phenytoin on the cerebellar Purkinje cell activity as determined by simultaneous monitoring of plasma and cerebellar levels of the drug has been studied in rats for the first time. The electrophysiological observations allowed the analysis of the spontaneous firing rate of the Purkinje cells and of the cerebellar field potentials generated by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral radial nerve. The responses of single Purkinje cells to radial nerve stimulation were studied by constructing poststimulus time histograms and cumulative frequency distributions. The chronic treatment with phenytoin, which did not induce motor impairment or cerebellar symptoms, modified the firing rate of the Purkinje cells and the two modalities of Purkinje cell activation. In fact, phenytoin decreased significantly the spontaneous activity of the Purkinje cells and modified the strength of the mossy and climbing afferents.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Microsurgical approach to pancreatic duct occlusion in the pig by means of a prolamine solution.

Prolamine is an alcoholic solution of zein, with the property of polymerizing within 15 minutes in a humid medium. Such a substance has been injected in the pancreatic duct of 10 pigs with a microsurgical technique, causing complete occlusion. The prolamine gel produces a progressive fibrosclerosis of the exocrine pancreatic parenchyma, sparing the endocrine portion. The resulting pancreatic atrophy avoids the occurrence of inflammatory complications that often hamper surgery on such gland. The 10 pigs under study showed post-operative normal values of blood glucose and insulin, and a decrease in serum alpha-amylase levels. Complications occurred in only one case, and the microscopic pattern was similar in all cases. Microsurgical approach and use of prolamine are considered effective both in pancreatic transplantation and in chronic pancreatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Blood amino acids in chronic HBsAg positive liver disease].

Typical changes in blood aminoacid concentrations have been described in patients with severe liver disease. In this study we measured the serum amino acid levels, by Beckman Aminoacid Analyzer, in 11 healthy subjects and 24 HBsAg-positive patients with biopsy-proven liver disease (4 CPH, 10 CAH, 10 cirrhosis). A significant decrease in total aminoacids was observed in CAH and cirrhosis groups (-24% and -22% respectively). The three branched chain aminoacids (BCAA = val + leu + isoleu) were reduced by 24% (P less than 0.002) and 37% (P less than 0.001) in the CAH and cirrhosis groups respectively. Tyrosine was the only of the aromatic aminoacids (AAA) to increase in cirrhotics (+ 34%, P less than 0.02). The molar ratio BCAA/AAA was 3.6 in controls, 3.8 in CPH, 3.1 in CAH (P less than 0.025) and 1.9 in cirrhosis (P less than 0.001). A linear correlation was found between molar ratio BCAA/AAA and serum albumin in all patients (P less than 0.001). These results document the presence of specific quantitative changes in serum aminoacids of HBsAg positive patients, which appear related to severity of liver disease and comparable to the alterations described in non viral chronic liver disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Correlation between increased serum and tissue L-carnitine levels and improved muscle symptoms in hemodialyzed patients.

A group of 14 uremic patients on intermittent hemodialysis was admitted to a cross-over double-blind trial in order to evaluate serum and muscle carnitine levels before and after 60 days of L-carnitine oral (2 g/day) treatment. The morphology of muscle fragments was studied by light and electron microscopy. Symptoms (asthenia, cramps) occurring during hemodialysis were also recorded. After L-carnitine treatment the blood and muscle levels of the metabolite increased simultaneously to reduced asthenia and cramps. Morphological examination of the muscle of 13 of 14 patients did not reveal any pre- or posttreatment pathological alterations. The presence of nemaline rods was morphologically diagnosed in only one case and was no longer observed at the second biopsy at 2 months of L-carnitine treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Plasma and muscle carnitine levels in haemodialysis patients with morphological-ultrastructural examination of muscle samples.

The present study investigates 14 patients on intermittent haemodialysis. Pre-dialysis blood and muscle samples taken for determining plasma free- and acetylcarnitine levels. The tissue fragments were used for light and electron microscopy studies. Our results support the findings of other investigators that patients on haemodialysis generally display decreased free- and acetylcarnitine levels both in plasma and skeletal muscle when compared with control values. Muscle carnitine deficiency was apparently more severe in the longer-term haemodialysis patients. Moreover, a significant correlation (p less than 0.05) between plasma and muscle free-carnitine values was found. Morphologically no pathological alterations were observed in the muscle fibres in 13 of the patients. Light and electron microscopic studies of the muscle fibre of the 14th patient showed a typical nemaline myopathy with rod bodies in the cytoplasm. The muscle free-carnitine concentration in this patient was among the lowest of the group.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

On the presence and probable functional role of the nervous terminations located within the retractor penis muscle of some mammals.

The authors have studied the vegetative and sensitive somatic innervation of the retractor penis muscle in some domestic animals. This last component is constituted by encapsulated receptors classified as Pacini, Pacini-like, Golgi-Mazzoni's corpuscles and Krause's end bulbs (genital corpuscles). They have also emphasized the structural characteristics of the various types of nervous endings and their remarkable variability in the investigated animals. Finally, they have examined the probable functional role of these mechanicoreceptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

On the presence, structure and probable functional role of taste buds located on the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis in some domestic animals.

The authors have performed a systematic investigation on the epiglottis to determine the number and topography of taste buds possibly present. These chemoreceptors are constantly present in the ruminants studied (goat, cattle), while their finding is always negative in the pig, horse and ass and varying in the other animal species examined. Taste buds are, in the main, fairly numerous and show typical structure in very young kids and calves. On the contrary, in adult subjects degenerated taste buds can be found and their number usually increases with age. Sometimes such pictures can be observed also in young animals. The probable functional role of chemoreceptors located on the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis has been examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Further observations on the innervation of the proximal sesamoidean ligament of the horse and ox.

A vegetative innervation is described for the first time in this district. On the contrary, the finding of Pacini and pacini-like corpuscles, of Golgi Mazzoni's receptors, of muscle spindles and Golgi's tendon-organs testifies the existence of a sensitive innervation in this anatomical territory. According to Karamanlidis free nervous endings are not present. All the above recorded receptors show the typical structure and can be found isolated, grouped to constitute flower-sprays, organized to form opposito-polar corpuscles or associated to originate pecilomorphic fibers. These two last findings are new for this investigated anatomical territory. Moreover, the authors have described in the ox the so-called composed corpuscles previously observed by Ottolenghi (1931) and Karamanlidis in the horse. Finally, it has been demonstrated, contrary to the data reported by Karamanlidis, that the muscle spindles located in the ligament are always supplied with a nervous annulo-spiral termination which is centrally placed in the equatorial region.

Animals↗