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Biomedical subjects

G Otto

Publications and source records attributed to G Otto.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Evaluation of preservation damage after porcine liver transplantation by assessment of hepatic microcirculation.

The ischemic damage following liver transplantation (LTX) is predominantly located at the endothelial cell level and is a major cause for a disturbance of microcirculation. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that changes in the quality of organ preservation are correlated with changes in microcirculation: 16 pigs underwent LTX, preservation by Bretschneider's HTK-solution (Histidin, Tryptophan, alpha-Ketoglutarat) complemented by indomethacin (50 mumol/L). Cold ischemia times were 9 hr (n = 8) and 18 hr (n = 8), respectively. Using the H2-clearance technique, hepatic microcirculation was measured before, 30 min, and 20 hr after LTX. Normal tissue perfusion was 107 +/- 16 ml/100 g/min, at 30 min posttransplantation 91 +/- 13 ml/100 g/min in the short-term and 48 +/- 7 ml/100 g/min in the long-term preservation group. Whereas no animal of the long-term preservation group survived longer than 8 hr, all animals of the short-term preservation group survived, and tissue perfusion could be measured 20 hr postoperatively (101 +/- 19 ml/100 g/min). At 30 min postoperatively, all surviving animals had tissue perfusion rates greater than 70, and all nonsurvivors had values below 60 ml/100 g/min. We conclude therefore that the extent of decrease of microcirculation after LTX may be a useful predictor of organ function and survival.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1990

Eradication of Helicobacter mustelae from the ferret stomach: an animal model of Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori chemotherapy.

Colonization of the ferret stomach by Helicobacter mustelae has been suggested as a possible animal model for Helicobacter pylori-associated gastroduodenal disease of humans. Our study was designed to determine whether antimicrobial chemotherapy could eradicate H. mustelae from ferrets. Triple antimicrobial therapy combining amoxicillin, metronidazole, and bismuth subsalicylate was successful in eradicating the organism from 5 of 7 (71%) adult ferrets. Despite apparent in vitro susceptibility, neither chloramphenicol monotherapy nor a polytherapeutic regimen combining tetracycline, metronidazole, and bismuth subsalicylate proved effective in the eradication of H. mustelae. Several strains isolated after unsuccessful polytherapy showed markedly increased resistance to metronidazole. These preliminary findings are similar to results of H. pylori treatment trials with humans and suggest that the ferret may be a useful model for evaluating and comparing potential antimicrobial modalities for the eradication of H. pylori.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Helicobacter pylori gastric infection in gnotobiotic beagle dogs.

Establishment of infection with Helicobacter pylori and gastritis in nonhuman species is currently only successful in gnotobiotic piglets. This study was designed to determine whether H. pylori will colonize the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic dogs. Gnotobiotic beagle pups were derived by standard methods. Group A (five dogs) was orally challenged with 3 x 10(8) H. pylori at 7 days of age. Group B (two dogs) received only peptone water but was contact-exposed beginning on day 23 postinfection (p.i.). Necropsy was performed on dogs on day 30 p.i. H. pylori colonized the stomach of all dogs (groups A and B). Urease map analysis correlated with the microbiologic findings and indicated that the density of colonization was less than that observed in human tissue. Organisms were also recovered from the pharynx, esophagus, duodenum, and rectum of 1, 2, 2, and 1 dog, respectively. All group A and one group B dog developed serum immunoglobulin G specific for H. pylori by day 30 p.i. Gross lesions were restricted to the stomach and consisted of small (less than 1 mm) lymphoid follicles. Microscopically, there were focal to diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates with follicle formation and mild to moderate infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils in the gastric lamina propria. With the Warthin-Starry silver stain, organisms were seen on the surface of the gastric epithelial cells, beneath the mucus layer. We conclude that H. pylori colonizes the stomachs of gnotobiotic dogs for at least 1 month and the lesions resemble those seen in humans. H. pylori is transmissible by contact from infected to noninfected dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Fluoride and mineral redeposition in outermost layers of bovine enamel during surface softening.

Mineral and fluoride concentration changes in the outermost layers of bovine enamel (depth less than 1 micron) were measured after demineralization in unbuffered hydroxyethylcellulose gels of pH = 5.4 with an intrinsic fluoride concentration of about 0.02 ppm. A combination of two nuclear analytical techniques, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and proton-induced gamma ray emission spectrometry (PIGE) was applied to determine the Ca/P molar ratios and F depth profiles, respectively. When compared to deeper layers, a reduced loss of mineral content is observed for the depth range of about 0-0.1 micron corresponding well with a F concentration increase from about 500 to about 5,000 ppm in the same range. These findings are interpreted as a fluoride-induced partial remineralization of the superficial surface layer during an overall demineralization process.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Histological and biochemical studies of the uterus of ovariectomized gilts during the first two months of pregnancy after different hormone substitutions. 4. Effect of the conceptus on the activities of alkaline and acid phosphatase and the concentration of glycogen in the uterus during different supplies of progesterone and norgestrel].

Forty-five ovariectomised gilts in early gravidity received injections of progesterone doses between 120 mg and 40 mg as well as 250 micrograms/die of oestradiol-benzoate and oral application of 12 mg/die of norgestrel, the latter being administered in addition to the 40 mg dose of progesterone. The animals were killed between the 20th and 24th or on the 35th days of gravidity, before endometrial activities were determined of alkaline and acid phosphatases at various points of the uterus (centre and sides of ampullae and in-between ampullae). Under conditions of sufficient progesterone supply (120 mg/die and 100 mg/die), endometrial activities of both alkaline and acid phosphatases in the centre of ampullae were found to be higher than those in-between them. Activities were lower with inadequate progesterone supply (40 mg/die), and differences between points of sampling were less strongly pronounced for alkaline phosphatase. Endometrial glycogen concentrations in the centre of ampullae were lower than those in-between. Values in response to inadequate progesterone administration were lower than those following sufficient supply. With regard to glycogen concentrations, differences between points of sampling in the myometrium were below those in the endometrium.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia: garlic helps in mild cases.

Forty-seven non-hospitalised patients with mild hypertension took part in a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial conducted by 11 general practitioners. The patients who were admitted had diastolic blood pressures between 95 and 104 mmHg after a two-week acclimatization phase. The patients then took either a preparation of garlic powder (Kwai) or a placebo of identical appearance for 12 weeks. Blood pressure and plasma lipids were monitored during treatment after four, eight and 12 weeks. Significant differences between the placebo and the drug group were found during the course of therapy. For example, the supine diastolic blood pressure in the group having garlic treatment fell from 102 to 91 mmHg after eight weeks (p less than 0.05) and to 89 mmHg after 12 weeks (p less than 0.01). The serum cholesterol and triglycerides were also significantly reduced after eight and 12 weeks of treatment. In the placebo group, on the other hand, no significant changes occurred.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Histologic and biochemical studies of the uteri of ovariectomized gilts during the first two months of pregnancy after different hormone substitutions. 2. Effects of reducing the progesterone dosage on the survival rate of embryos and the structure of the placenta and the influence of oral administration of norgestrel].

Studies were conducted into ovariectomised gilts in early gravidity, with the view to finding out if reduction of daily progesterone doses had an impact upon embryo survival rate and on the structure of the placenta and if experimentally induced progesterone deficit could be offset by oral administration of norgestrel, a synthetic progestagen. Embryo survival were found to drop from 80 to 26.1 percent in response to reduced progesterone dosage from 120 mg to 40 mg, average numbers of living embryos per animal being 9.6 or 3.0. Oral administration of 12 mg of norgestrel, in addition to injection of 40 mg of progesterone, enhanced the survival rate to 64.6 percent, the average number of living embryos coming to 8.9. Reduction of progesterone doses compared to animals with sufficient progesterone supply. Depressed the beginning decrease of the thickness endometrium and surface epithelium oedematisation of the endometrial stroma was mitigated, and subepithelial hyperaemia disappeared altogether. The secretory activity of uterine glands declined, and so did the endometrial activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases. Administration of norgestrel proved helpful in substantive removal of manifestations observed in the progesterone deficit group.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Histologic and biochemical studies of the uteri of ovariectomized gilts during the first two months of pregnancy after different hormone substitutions. 3. Local effects of the conceptus on the structure of the placenta and its modification by different progesterone and norgestrel administration].

Optical light microscopy was used in investigations of ovariectomised gravid gilts to which progesterone doses between 120 mg and 40 mg as well as 250 micrograms of oestradiol benzoate had been daily applied to preserve gravidity, with 12 mg of norgestrel being additionally administered to some of them. These investigations were conducted for the purpose of studying locally delimited effects of conception on the placental structure. Uterus tissue was sampled from living and dead embryos (centre and sides of ampullae) as well as from uterus regions free of foetal membranes (in-between ampullae). With adequate progesterone supply, embryos were shown to clearly affect the endometrial structures. Endometrium in the centre of ampullae, with living embryos, was lower than at points without embryos. Surface epithelium was flattened, and endometrial stroma was more strongly oedematised. Strongly pronounced hyperaemia occurred to subepithelial stroma in the centre of ampullae, and uterine glandular function was unambiguously stimulated. These embryo-triggered effects were much less or no longer detectable at all under conditions of inadequate progesterone supply (40 mg/die). Administration of 12 mg of norgestrel, in addition to 40 mg/die of progesterone, enabled embryos to exercise gravidity-specific influence upon the endometrium, as in cases of sufficient progesterone supply.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The development of initial enamel caries--a phenomenon of interfacial reactions].

The investigation deals with earliest chemical changes in outermost enamel surfaces during initial caries development. After in vitro demineralization of enamel samples in acidulated hydroxyethylcellulose solution (pH = 5.1) for periods between 1 and 288 h the Ca/P molar ratios were determined in depths of 0.04 micron using the Rutherford Backscattering spectroscopy. The measured Ca/P ratios oscillate around the initial value. This behaviour is interpreted as a combined de/remineralization process.

Calcium↗
PubMed1990

[Fluoride deposition in the dental enamel following the use of a fluoride-containing gel studied by a nuclear physics method (PIGE)].

The caries-preventing activity of fluorine is a surfact in the medicine. Dentists and physicists analysed with a new nuclear physical method the fluorine uptake of the tooth enamel after application of new caries-preventive agents. The fluorine profile of the first 3 microns of the enamel surface from deciduous teeth was established after three years clinical treatment with two new developed fluorine gels from the VEB Leipziger Arzneimittelwerk in comparison with Elmexgelee and a control agent. The determination of the fluorine profiles was performed using proton-induced gamma rays emission (PIGE) on the 2-MV van de-Graaf accelerator of the institute of practical nuclear physics of the physical faculty from the Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig. The two new developed gels and Elmexgelee caused a similar fluorine concentration in tooth enamel. The fluorine profiles from the new developed gel A and the clinical approved caries preventive agent Elmexgelee are comparable. Gel A is produced under the trade mark "Laweflour" by the VEB Leipziger Arzneimittelwerk.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Primary hepatic malignancies: resection or liver transplantation?

Liver transplantation in malignancies must be confined to patients with potentially curable disease. The indication is widely accepted, however, in non-resectable tumors or in patients with cirrhosis that excludes major resection. Without treatment prognosis is extremely poor in these patients. In our own experience 12 out of 13 non-cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) died within 9 months, and 17 out of 19 cirrhotic patients died within the first year of non-curative or explorative surgery. None of our patients with HCC in non-cirrhotic livers has lived longer than 38 months, and those with cirrhotic livers more than 61 months even after curative resection. After liver transplantation 1-year survival rate was 54% in 14 patients with primary hepatic carcinomas (12 HCC, 2 CCC). In cirrhotic patients with large or infiltrating HCC the results of resection are worse than after grafting, at least in the Western World, so liver transplantation must be taken into consideration. The lack of grafts limits treatment by transplantation in these patients. Transplantation is only exceptionally indicated for patients with metastatic liver disease.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1990

[Prognosis and therapy of primary epithelial liver tumors. Evaluating a personal patient sample].

Prognostically relevant factors and treatment were analysed in 103 patients suffering from primary epithelial liver tumors (88 HCC, 15 CCC). Ninety of them underwent operations: 14 liver transplantations, 32 resections, 44 explorative laparotomies. The resection rate was 38%, the 30-day mortality in transplantation 14%, in resection 22%. The 5-year survival after resection was about 25%. Liver transplantation resulted in 50% 1-year and 40% 2-year survival. Long-term prognosis was positively influenced by cirrhosis and formation of a tumor capsule. Indications for operative management depend only on extension of tumor growth and concomiting liver cirrhosis as biology of epithelial liver tumors is poorly understood.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1990

[Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic artery aneurysms].

Four cases of intra- and extrahepatic aneurysms of the hepatic artery are discussed concerning the etiology, symptoms, therapy and complication rate. The diagnostic approach and problems in differential diagnosis are specified. Localization of the aneurysm and especially the relationship of the collateral circulation of the hepatic bed are essential to plan the therapy and are based on angiography. Interventional therapeutic techniques are favored for intrahepatic localization. Reconstructive or ablative surgery is indicated to treat the extrahepatic aneurysm.

Aneurysm↗