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Biomedical subjects

G Muller

Publications and source records attributed to G Muller.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Blood levels of molybdenum, selenium and copper at delivery].

Molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se) and copper (Cu) plasma levels were studied at delivery in 38 women (1 twin pregnancy). The influence of parity (P) (2.5 +/- 1.7) gestational age (GA) (38.6 +/- 3.2 weeks), birthweight (BW) (3,120 +/- 695 g) and Apgar score upon these levels were assessed. Mother (M) and cord (C) blood values were 15.0 +/- 7.8 and 15.0 +/- 9.3 nmol/l respectively for Mo, 0.54 +/- 0.12 and 0.47 +/- 014 mumol/l for Se and 27.6 +/- 5.9 and 5.5 +/- 3.3 mumol/l for Cu. C and M values for Se and Cu were statistically different (alpha less than 0.02, alpha less than 0.001). There was a significant correlation between C and M for Mo levels (r = 0.41; p = 1.9%) and Cu levels (r = 0.47; p = 0.35%), between Cu C levels and GA (r = 0.54; p = 0.6%) and between Se, C levels and BW (r = 0.66; p = 1.9%). There was no correlation between the levels of the trace elements studied. This study shows that fetal levels of Mo vary with those of the mothers. On the other hand, the levels of Se in the fetus seem to be protected from variations observed in the mothers. The antagonism between Cu and Mo which had been previously demonstrated in the fetal liver was not found in blood.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1988

Molybdenum content of term and preterm human milk during the first 2 months of lactation.

To assess the molybdenum supply and requirements of preterm infants, Mo concentration was determined in milk from mothers of 6 term and 11 preterm newborns; no difference was found between fore- and hindmilk and no diurnal variations were found during 24-h collections. Respective values (means +/- SD) of term and preterm milks were 10.2 +/- 3.7 and 4.0 +/- 3.7 micrograms/L (106.2 +/- 38.5 and 41.7 +/- 38.5 nmol/L) at 3-5 d of lactation, 4.8 +/- 3.9 and 3.7 +/- 3.8 micrograms/L (50.0 +/- 4.6 and 38.5 +/- 39.6 nmol/L) at 7-10 d, 1.5 +/- 1.4 and 1.4 +/- 0.9 micrograms/L (15.6 +/- 14.6 and 14.6 +/- 9.6 nmol/L) at 14 d, 2.6 +/- 2.2 and 1.9 +/- 1.4 micrograms/L (27.1 +/- 22.9 and 19.8 +/- 14.6 nmol/L) at 1 mo, and 0.2 and 1.2 +/- 0.5 micrograms/L (2.1 and 12.5 +/- 5.2 nmol/L) at 2 mo. A statistical difference was found between term and preterm milk at 3-5 d of lactation. During lactation significant changes were found between the periods 3-5 d and 7-10 d, 14 d, 1 mo (p less than 0.01) and 2 mo (p less than 0.05) of lactation and between 7-10 d and 14 d (p less than 0.05). According to the requirements of the preterm infant, a supplementation of 2-3 micrograms.kg-1.d-1 by enteral route is suggested.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1988

[Post-traumatic feto-maternal hemorrhage. Apropos of a case].

When a sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern suggestive of severe anaemia is found one always has to think of feto-maternal haemorrhage. The diagnosis is made using the Kleihauer test. The quantity of fetal blood loss as estimated by this test must be suspect from this case history and from the figures that are quoted in the literature. It will probably be advisable to compare the Kleihauer test and electrophoresis of the haemoglobin in trying to estimate the quantity of blood that has passed from the fetus to the mother. In any case of trauma it is important to look for evidence of feto-maternal haemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Classification of perinatal deaths as a function of birth weight and gestational age. New methodologic approach].

Perinatal mortality is closely related to infant birth weight. However, the examination of both gestational age and birth weight provides a more comprehensive approach. This study presents a method of evaluation which is readily applicable. Data were obtained from the computerized files of the maternity ward of the University Hospital of Caen. This report is based on case-reports of 17,952 single births, from May 1980 to July 1985 (cases of multiple birth have not been considered since their age/weight relationships are usually different). All stillborn infants and those who died within the first week of life were considered. Any infant whose gestational age was 28 weeks or more but who showed no sign of life at birth was considered stillborn. Gestational age was determined from the mother's last menstrual period, providing it concurred with the obstetrical evaluation (i.e. echographic measurements of foetus before 20 weeks of gestation). If not, the clinical evaluation was retained. Results are presented in the form of blocks, each one representing 1 week of gestational age and a birth weight of 500 g. The perinatal mortality rate was calculated for each block. Blocks of similar mortality rates (i.e. with no significant difference) were then pooled by means of a recently published method [3]. This difference between the mortality rates of 2 blocks (in percentages) may be measured by means of the chi-square test. The test enables the evaluation of the "distance" between two adjacent zones, which can be calculated for all the blocks of the graph, by pairs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1988

[First heterotopic ovarian autotransplantation in the female].

Treatment of subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease with combined radio and chemotherapy results in castration of more than 80% women treated, despite oophorepexy. Several types of oophorepexy (lateral and medial transposition), have been described in the literature. None warranted sufficient schelter to avoid frequent alteration of ovarian function and fertility. We suggest a news technique of subcutaneous ovarian grafting which provides full protection against irradiation. To be successful, this technique requires the creation, prior to grafting, of a receptive cavity, two surgical teams working together, and the use of an operative microscope during transplantation. A mature oocyte was collected by puncture of the ovary containing cavity one year after the operation. Two years later, ovarian cycles remain regular, and follicle growth occurs normally each second of third cycle on the transplanted ovary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A new technique to protect ovarian function before pelvic irradiation. Heterotopic ovarian autotransplantation.

The authors describe a new technique for the subcutaneous heterotopic transplantation of the ovary before pelvic irradiation to treat Hodgkin's disease. Creation of a cavity to receive the transplant and the use of two surgical teams and the surgical microscope during the operation ensured its successful outcome. The transplanted ovary was followed up clinically and by ultrasound monitoring: ovarian cycles remained regular despite radiotherapy, and follicle growth occurred normally. In comparison to other types of oophoropexy described in the literature, the advantages of this technique included total protection of the ovary from irradiation, and conservation of ovarian function and fertility. One year after the procedure, puncture of the ovarian compartment produced a mature oocyte specimen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Heterotopic autotransplantation of the ovary in women].

Treatment of subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's diseases with combined radio- and chemotherapy results in castration of more than 80% of the women treated, despite oophoropexy. We suggest a new technique of subcutaneous ovarian grafting which provides full protection against irradiation and preserves both ovarian function and fertility. To be successful this technique requires the creation, prior to grafting, of a receptive cavity, two surgical teams working together, and the use of an operative microscope during transplantation. A mature oocyte was collected by puncture of the ovary-containing cavity one year after the operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A comparative study of hepatic DNA repair, DNA replication and hepatotoxicity in the CD-1 mouse following multiple administrations of dimethylnitrosamine.

The objective of this study was to quantify hepatic DNA repair and DNA replication following multiple administrations of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and to determine if these events were correlated with hepatotoxicity. Male CD-1 mice, 50-100 days old, were dosed daily, p.o., with DMN in water at dose levels of 2, 4, 7 and 10 mg/kg for 2 weeks. After 2, 7 and 14 days of dosing, hepatocytes were isolated by an in situ perfusion procedure, incubated in the presence of [3H] thymidine, and fixed. Unscheduled as well as scheduled DNA synthesis were assessed by quantitative autoradiography. Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) represents DNA repair while scheduled DNA synthesis (S phase) represents DNA replication. In addition, the animals' serum was examined for enzymes which indicate hepatic toxicity. After 1, 7 and 14 days of dosing, animals were orbital-bled and the serum was analyzed for serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). No morbidity or mortality was observed at dose levels of 2 and 4 mg/kg, but all animals receiving 7 and 10 mg/kg died after 4-6 days of dosing. GGT or AP were not elevated at any dose level or at any time point examined. At 4 mg/kg only a slight increase (less than or equal to 2 X) in the concentration of SGOT and SGPT was observed but a sharp increase (greater than 20 X) in replicative DNA synthesis was seen. The 2 mg/kg dose level of DMN did not increase replicative DNA synthesis and SGOT and SGPT were not elevated above control values at any time point following dosing at 2 mg/kg. A weakly positive DNA repair response was observed for dose levels of 4, 7 and 10 mg/kg DMN after two consecutive days of dosing. No DNA repair was observed after either 7 or 14 days of dosing at the 2 and 4 mg/kg/day levels. These results indicate that hepatic toxicity is associated with the induction of replicative DNA synthesis (S phase) but not with the induction of DNA repair. The results also confirm and extend a previous study (Doolittle et al., 1987b) indicating that a significant elevation in hepatic DNA replication is induced by hepatocarcinogens after multiple administrations of dose levels which do not alter hepatic DNA replication after a single administration. This finding indicates that the utility of the in vivo-in vitro hepatocyte assay may be enhanced by using a multi-dose protocol.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The in vivo-in vitro hepatocyte assay for assessing DNA repair and DNA replication: studies in the CD-1 mouse.

The in vivo-in vitro hepatocyte assay, a short-term test that is useful for detecting potential rodent hepatocarcinogens, has been extended to the CD-1 mouse. Male CD-1 mice, 50-100 days old, were dosed orally with N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), trichloroethylene (TCE), 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), 4-acetylaminofluorene (4-AAF), phenobarbital (PB) or a vehicle. At 3, 16, 24 and 48 hr after dosing, hepatocytes were isolated by an in situ perfusion procedure, incubated in the presence of [3H]thymidine and fixed. Unscheduled as well as scheduled DNA synthesis was assessed by quantitative autoradiography. Unscheduled DNA synthesis represents DNA repair, while scheduled DNA synthesis (S phase) represents DNA replication. No mortality or morbidity was observed in the animals dosed in this study. The vehicles used, distilled water and corn oil, did not induce DNA repair or increase the percentage of hepatocytes in S phase at any of the time points examined. The higher dose of NDMA (10 mg/kg) induced DNA repair and increased S phase, whereas the lower dose (2 mg/kg) induced DNA repair but did not increase S phase. TCE (1000 mg/kg), PB (100 mg/kg) and 4-AAF (200 mg/kg) all markedly increased the percentage of hepatocytes in S phase (5-10 times the control) but all failed to induce DNA damage and repair. 2-AAF (200 mg/kg) caused a slight (twofold) increase in S phase but did not induce DNA repair. This assay appears useful for detecting potential CD-1 mouse hepatocarcinogens and, in addition, may provide information on the mode of action of known hepatocarcinogens.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between hepatotoxicity and induction of replicative DNA synthesis following single or multiple doses of carbon tetrachloride.

The in vivo-in vitro DNA repair and DNA replication assay in mouse hepatocytes has promise as a short-term test for detecting potential mouse liver carcinogens. In addition, this assay may provide information on the mode of action of known hepatic carcinogens. The induction of DNA repair is clearly a response to hepatic DNA damage. However, it is unclear whether induction of replicative DNA synthesis (S phase) represents regenerative hyperplasia in response to hepatotoxicity or is a result of direct mitogenic stimulation of the hepatocytes by the test compound. The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between hepatotoxicity, which was assessed by measuring serum concentrations of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), and induction of S phase following either single or multiple doses of the model mouse hepatocarcinogen carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Under the experimental conditions in this study, CCl4 elevated SGPT and SGOT but did not affect serum concentrations of AP or GGT. CCl4 did not induce DNA repair. An increase in the percentage of hepatocytes in S phase followed the appearance of elevated SGOT and SGPT in all single-dose studies. The results from the multiple-dose studies showed a similar relationship except that with 20 mg/kg X d the concentrations of SGOT and SGPT decayed to control values after 14 d of dosing whereas the percentage of hepatocytes in S phase remained markedly elevated (greater than 10 X control). The daily dose of CCl4 that gave a no-observed-effect level for induction of S phase was lower with multiple administrations than it was following a single exposure. A single administration of CCl4 at 25 mg/kg did not increase S phase, SGOT, or SGPT, but if 20 mg/kg X d was given for 7 d the number of hepatocytes in S phase and the concentrations of SGOT and SGPT increased more than 10-fold. These data support the hypothesis that induction of replicative DNA synthesis in the mouse liver following CCl4 administration is related to hepatotoxicity. In single-dose studies elevation in S phase was always associated with elevation of SGOT and SGPT. However, in the multidose studies, SGOT and SGPT declined after 14 d of administering 20 mg/kg X d while S phase remained elevated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1987

[Captopril treatment of severe arterial hypertension in pregnancy].

The authors report three cases where captopril was used in pregnancy. This was shown to be more useful in cases of essential hypertension than in toxaemia. There was no bad side effect from the use of Captopril. It did not alter the fetal growth once the hypertension was well controlled. Using it together with other anti-hypertensives has to be thought out very carefully and it has to be used with great care. The state of the newborns at birth was satisfactory. Follow-up was without complications except for one case where was a persistent ductus. Whether captopril had any role to play in this is uncertain. Although these results are good, captopril should not be used as first choice treatment in hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies].

The frequency of such combinations is currently equal or inferior to one for 10,000 pregnancies. The use of ovulation-inducers as well as the increased frequency of ectopic pregnancies are, for a large part, responsible for this increased frequency. Five of the six cases that we did observe in seven years follow a clomiphen citrate-induced ovulation. The clinical diagnosis remains difficult. It is greatly facilitated by echography and laparoscopy. Adjusting the treatment of induction of ovulation in case of sterility should decrease the incidence of these pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[The cicatricial uterus and uterine dehiscence. Apropos of 20 cases].

The authors intend to study 20 cases of uterine dehiscence or pre-rupture of cicatricial uterus owing to a better maternal and fetal prognosis as opposed to complete ruptures. They define the risks factors, i.e. aspects susceptible to weaken the scar, in the past history and during the pregnancy in progress. Finally, the study of semiology permits to establish the conditions of an early diagnosis of dehiscence. These results lead to insist on prevention which is based on a thorough knowledge of the past history and the obstetrical findings, the cephalo-pelvic comparison and the quality of the uterine scar.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Reduction mammoplasty by the total dermoglandular pedicle.

The use of a total dermoglandular pedicle in 700 cases of reduction mammoplasty are described by this team of authors. They emphasize that their modification of the dermoglandular pedicle provides an extremely reliable blood supply to the areola and is quick and easy to perform. There is no anesthesia of the nipple postoperatively, and the shape of the breast is favorable both in the immediate postoperative period and over the long-term follow-up observation between the years 1979 and 1984.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Experimental chronic vaginal candidosis in rats.

In the past, the rat model of experimental vaginal candidosis has been used to study the efficacy of antifungal agents in eradicating acute vaginitis. In the present study, chronic vaginal candidosis was induced to study the natural history of the infection. Results indicate that chronic infection is readily achieved and is strictly dependent on oophorectomy and hormonal maintenance of pseudoestrous. Histologic studies confirm that rats so infected and with long term vaginal carriage of Candida albicans have true chronic infection with extensive mycelial formation and superficial mucosal invasion.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Use of the eye-derived growth factor in the treatment of ulcer of the cornea. A veterinary medicine study in the dog].

A growth factor purified from adult bovine retina and named Eye Derived Growth Factor (EDGF) has been shown to stimulate proliferation of target cells in vitro and in vivo, and to increase the rate of wound healing of experimentally induced corneal ulcers in rabbits. In the present report, dogs (mainly boxers) with chronic recurrent ulcers resistant to various treatments, including chloramphenicol and reputed wound healing drugs, were treated by morning and evening instillations of drops containing 10 stimulation units of EDGF in phosphate buffer saline. Stable healing of the ulcer was obtained in all cases after 12 days of treatment, and no sign of relapse was detected after three months. During the healing period, as well as during the period of increase in cellular proliferation, transitory inflammation accompanied by neovascularization was observed. EDGF represents a new drug for treatment of ulcer.

Animals↗