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Biomedical subjects

G M Hall

Publications and source records attributed to G M Hall.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Management of cecal volvulus in debilitated patients.

We retrospectively evaluated ten cases of cecal volvulus. The average age of these patients was 57 years. Five patients were more more than 60 years old and three were over 70. All patients had significant delays in coming to the hospital, and all had concomitant medical problems that made them poor operative risks. Our data and data in the recent literature support a conservative approach in debilitated patients with acute cecal volvulus. We do not recommend resection of the cecum if it is viable at the time of operation. Resection remains the treatment of choice when gangrene is present, but primary ileotransverse colostomy is contraindicated in this population of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of dantrolene on leg metabolism in porcine malignant hyperthermia.

The effect of the intravenous administration of dantrolene 3.5 mg/kg body weight on leg metabolism during porcine malignant hyperthermia (MH) was investigated in six Pietrain pigs. Arterial pH improved only slowly after dantrolene and was associated with the continuing efflux of lactate from the leg. Oxygen uptake by the leg had returned to control values 30 minutes after dantrolene. Glucose production by the leg was observed during malignant hyperthermia but this was rapidly abolished by dantrolene. It is concluded that the most useful indices for assessing the adequacy of the treatment of MH are those which reflect changes in oxidative muscle metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Changes in circulating gut hormones in the horse during long distance exercise.

Venous blood samples were collected before and immediately after an 80 km ride and a 42 km race. They were analysed for blood glucose and lactate, and for plasma non-esterified fatty acids, insulin, pancreatic glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, gastric inhibitory peptide, somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide concentrations. The 80 km ride was associated with marked hypoglycaemia and a slight lactic acidaemia together with an increase in plasma glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide values. The 42 km race produced hyperglycaemia and marked lactic acidaemia together with an increase in plasma glucagon, somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The increase in these peptides is not related to alterations in blood glucose or the relative contributions of aerobic and anaerobic muscle metabolism. It is suggested that the changes in circulating gut peptides are part of the endocrine response to exercise and the possible physiological role of these changes is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia on the metabolic and endocrine response to cardiac surgery.

The effect of high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia (75 micrograms kg-1) on the metabolic and endocrine responses to cardiac surgery was compared with results obtained in similar patients who had received incremental doses of papaveretum. High-dose fentanyl anaesthesia prevented the increases in blood glucose, plasma cortisol and plasma growth hormone concentrations found before cardiopulmonary bypass, but during cardiopulmonary bypass was only effective in decreasing the hyperglycaemia. The continued administration of fentanyl following operation failed to suppress the hormonal and metabolic changes so that the total urinary excretion during the first 5 days after surgery was similar in both groups of patients. High-dose fentanyl anaesthesia was associated with only transient metabolic benefits confined to the period during operation.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1981

Fentanyl and the metabolic response to gastric surgery.

The effect of the supplementation of nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia with either 50 micrograms fentanyl/kg body weight or 0.5-1.0% halothane on the metabolic and hormonal response to gastric surgery was investigated in 16 patients. Those patients who received fentanyl showed a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in the hyperglycemic response to surgery after 30 and 90 minutes and a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in the plasma cortisol response after 30 minutes. Profound respiratory depression occurred at the end of surgery in all patients who were given fentanyl. This required the intravenous administration of naloxone and careful supervision in the early postoperative period. It is concluded that the transient metabolic and endocrine benefits produced by fentanyl do not compensate for the severe respiratory problems postoperatively and thus 'high-dose fentanyl' cannot be recommended for upper abdominal surgery.

Alanine↗
PubMed1981

Oxygen tension measurement using an automatic blood gas analyser.

Two different methods of assessing the reliability of the oxygen electrode of one model of an automatic blood gas analyser (BGA) have been studied. In the first, a single automatic BGA was assessed by using outdated bank blood which was pumped around a small extracorporeal circuit into which known gas mixtures were passed. Oxygen tension was varied between 2 and 16 kPa. In the second, fresh heparinized blood was tonometered with calibrated gases and submitted to the automatic BGA used in the first part of the study and also to three other identical machines. Each of the machines was between 3 and 4 years old.Eighteen different units of blood were used in the first part of the study. The correlation coefficient between the automatic BGA and the Po(2) in the extracorporeal circuit varied between 0.29 and 0.99. 31% of the total of 209 measurements made by the automatic BGA were more than 1.2 kPa from the reference value, 25% of them being between 1.2 and 4.0 kPa from the reference value. In the second part of the study, the correlation coefficient between this automatic BGA and the tonometered blood was 0.96. The correlation coefficients for the 3 other identical BGAs were 0.84, 0.97 and 0.88, indicating that the BGA used in the first part of the study was no worse than any of the others.It is suggested that although clinicians are likely to ignore readings of an automatic BGA that are more than 4.0 kPa from the true value and are likely to repeat the investigation, readings between 1.2 and 4.0 kPa from the true value may adversely affect patient management.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1980

A biochemical study of the Arab Horse Society's marathon race.

Blood samples were taken before and after a cross country race over the marathon distance of 42 km. There was a rise in blood glucose and plasma free fatty acids and glycerol associated with a rise in plasma cortisol and glucagon but the fall in insulin was not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma potassium and albumin concentrations increased, calcium decreased and there was no change in sodium or bicarbonate concentrations. There was an increase in plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid, bilirubin and isocitrate dehydrogenase but no change in alkaline phosphatase. There was a rise in plasma creatine kinase. These results of a competitive race are compared with those of the 80 km non-competitive Golden Horseshoe Ride.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Nonfunctioning retroperitoneal paragangliomas.

Nonfunctioning paragangliomas of the retroperitoneum are extremely rare tumors. As of this report, 30 cases are known from published data. Characteristics of these tumors and diagnostic techniques are herein described. Approximately 20 percent of these lesions are considered malignant. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice once the diagnosis is made.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Porcine malignant hyperthermia. VII: Hepatic metabolism.

Hepatic metabolism during porcine malignant hyperthermia (MH) was investigated in seven Pietrain pigs. The estimated hepatic blood flow decreased during MH, but an increase in oxygen extraction enabled the splanchnic oxygen uptake to be maintained. There was a large release of glucose and potassium from the liver in MH which made an important contribution to the hyperglycaemia and hyperkalaemia. Measurement of hepatic uptake of the precursors of gluconeogenesis, lactate, glycerol and alanine, showed that glucose efflux from liver was derived mainly from glycogenolysis. Lactate uptake by the liver increased during MH, and there was no evidence of hepatic lactate production during the profound acidosis as suggested by in vitro studies with the isolated liver. There was no evidence of major abnormality of hepatic function during porcine MH.

Animals↗