Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G M Hall

Publications and source records attributed to G M Hall.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effects of ketamine anaesthesia on the metabolic response to pelvic surgery.

The effects of ketamine anaesthesia on the metabolic and endocrine response to pelvic surgery were investigated, and compared with results obtained in a control group of patients anaesthetized with thiopentone and halothane. Ketamine anaesthesia before the onset of surgery was associated with a significant increase in blood glucose and plasma cortisol concentrations, and in heart rate. However, when surgery was established there were no metabolic, endocrine or haemodynamic differences between ketamine and halothane anaesthesia. We conclude that ketamine does not exacerbate the metabolic response to surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia on the established metabolic and endocrine response to surgery.

The effect of the administration of fentanyl 50 micrograms/kg body weight on the established metabolic response to pelvic surgery was investigated. In comparison with a control group of patients in whom anaesthesia was supplemented with halothane, fentanyl was associated with a significant decrease in only blood lactate concentrations and heart rate. There were no significant differences in blood glucose, plasma non-esterified fatty acids, and plasma cortisol values between the two anaesthetic techniques. It is concluded that the administration of high-dose fentanyl has little effect on the established metabolic response to surgery, compared with the marked changes observed when the same dose is given before the onset of surgical stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Liquid crystal thermometry during anaesthesia.

The use of cutaneous liquid crystal thermometry (EZ Temp) as an estimate of core temperature during routine surgery was investigated in 20 patients. Seventeen per cent of the recordings made with the EZ Temp were more than 1 degree C different from oesophageal temperature. There was a poor correlation between EZ Temp values and both oesophageal and aural temperatures (r = 0.54 for both sites). We conclude that liquid crystal thermometry of the forehead is not sufficiently accurate to be used as an indicator of core temperature during routine surgery.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1983

Root resorption associated with autotransplanted maxillary canine teeth.

A brief review of the published results of autotransplanting maxillary canine teeth has been presented together with the results of a prospective study in which 141 maxillary canine teeth were surgically repositioned in 113 patients, but not root-treated unless resorption occurred. Attention was given to assessing factors (age, sex, tooth positions, surgical difficulty, time out of mouth, acute infection, periodontal disease, caries, occlusion, formation of lamina dura) associated with root resorption of the transplanted teeth but no particular factor of significance emerged. It has been speculated that early post-operative root canal treatment and/or a two-stage technique might reduce the incidence of root resorption of autotransplanted teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Changes in liver glycogen and glycolytic intermediates during abdominal surgery in man.

1. Changes in liver glycogen and glycolytic intermediates were determined in ten patients undergoing abdominal surgery for carcinoma of the colon. 2. One hour of surgery resulted in a 19% decrease in liver glycogen, together with an increase in hepatic glucose 6-phosphate and glucose concentrations. 3. Blood glucose increased from 5.01 to 6.67 mmol/l during the hour between liver biopsies. 4. We conclude that the hyperglycaemia of surgery is associated with stimulation of hepatic glycogenolysis.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Low-dose insulin infusion and substrate mobilization during surgery.

The effects of the i.v. infusion of insulin, 70 mu. kg-1h-1 for the first 60 min and 35 mu. kg-1h-1 subsequently, on the metabolic and endocrine responses to gynaecological surgery were investigated. In comparison with a control group of patients, the insulin infusion caused a marked decrease in circulating glucose, non-esterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, and an increase in blood lactate values. The plasma cortisol response to surgery was unaffected by the decrease in blood glucose, but the growth hormone response was increased. Heart rates and arterial pressures during surgery were not altered by the metabolic changes associated with insulin infusion, but there was a greater decrease in aural temperature. The results demonstrate the importance of insulin suppression during surgery in mediating changes in circulating metabolites.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of different intraoperative fluid regimens on circulating metabolites and insulin during abdominal surgery.

The effects of infusion i.v. of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, Hartmann's and 5% dextrose solution on the concentrations of circulating metabolites and insulin were compared in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Hartmann's solution had a similar effect on the metabolic response to 0.9% sodium chloride solution, but the use of 5% dextrose was associated with an exacerbation of the hyperglycaemic response to surgery. Plasma insulin concentrations increased significantly in the group receiving 5% dextrose showing that the usual suppression of insulin during abdominal surgery can be overcome by a strong glycaemic stimulus.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Porcine malignant hyperthermia. IX: Changes in the concentrations of intramuscular high-energy phosphates, glycogen and glycolytic intermediates.

A technique of obtaining muscle biopsies with a liquid nitrogen cryoprobe was used to study intramuscular metabolites in MH-susceptible and unsusceptible pigs. There was no significant difference in muscle metabolite values obtained from susceptible and unsusceptible pigs in the resting state. During MH the changes in metabolites were a result of rapid glycogenolysis and no abnormality of glycolytic control was observed.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1983

The effects of naloxone on circulating metabolites, glycoregulatory hormones and gut peptides during pelvic surgery.

The role of endogenous opioid peptides in mediating the endocrine and metabolic response to pelvic surgery was investigated. Fourteen patients were studied; seven were infused with the specific opioid antagonist, naloxone, at a rate of 20 micrograms kg-1 (body weight) hr-1, while the remainder acted as a control group. Naloxone exacerbated the glycaemic response to surgery but had no statistically significant effect on changes in the glycoregulatory hormones, pancreatic glucagon, insulin, cortisol and growth hormone. However, there was a wide individual variation in the glucagon response to naloxone with marked stimulation in some patients. Naloxone infusion increased plasma pancreatic polypeptide secretion during the 1st hour of surgery and reversed the decline in plasma motilin concentrations, but had no effect on circulating somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin, enteroglucagon and neurotensin values. We conclude that endogenous opioid peptides have only a limited role in modulating the endocrine and metabolic response to surgery.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1982

Effects of extradural analgesia and vagal blockade on the metabolic and endocrine response to upper abdominal surgery.

The effect of thoracic extradural analgesia and vagal blockade on the metabolic and endocrine responses to cholecystectomy was investigated. In comparison with a control group of patients, extradural analgesia and vagal blockade abolished the glycaemic response but had no effect on the increase in plasma cortisol. Circulating insulin values were significantly decreased in the extradural group of patients, confirming the importance of autonomic innervation in maintaining basal insulin output. there is, at present, no satisfactory local analgesic technique for controlling the endocrine response to upper abdominal surgery.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1982

Effect of phentolamine on the metabolic response to gynaecological surgery.

The effect of the infusion of phentolamine 0.5 mg min-1 on the metabolic response to gynaecological surgery was investigated. In comparison with the control group of patients, phentolamine was associated with a significant increase in plasma insulin concentration after 30 and 60 min of surgery. The glycaemic response to surgery was decreased by alpha-adrenergic blockade, but this was only significant after 120 min of surgery. The hypotension produced by the administration of phentolamine was well tolerated.

Adult↗