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Biomedical subjects

G M Barnes

Publications and source records attributed to G M Barnes.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Ambulatory electrocardiography in car workers.

A previous study in a car assembly plant showed that production-line workers had a lower incidence rate of heart attacks than executive staff. In the present study some major coronary risk factors and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograms were investigated in two age-matched samples of 30 middle-aged men drawn from these occupations. Men with a known history of heart disease were excluded. Compared with production-line workers, executive staff on average had a higher diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.05) and fewer took heavy exercise during their leisure time (P less than 0.05). Ventricular premature beats (VPB was also similar for each of the periods of work, leisure and sleep. Apart from isolated ectopic beats, disturbances of rhythm were uncommon, and neither VPB nor other arrhythmias appeared to be induced by occupational factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A clinical trial of WRL 105 strain live attenuated influenza vaccine comparing four methods of intranasal vaccination.

A single intranasal dose of 10(7-0) EID50 recombinant WRL 105 strain live attenuated influenza vaccine was administered intranasally to 193 volunteers either as nose drops or by one of three spray devices which produced sprays of differing physical characteristics. In volunteers with homologous haemagglutinating inhibiting antibody titres of less than or equal to 20 before vaccination, seroconversion rates varied widely from 80% following the administration of drops to 71%, 57% and 28% with the three spray devices. In the week following vaccination 16 (22%) of 74 volunteers who were found to show a fourfold or greater antibody response to took analgesics to control symptoms in comparison with 4 (7%) of 58 volunteers who exhibited no serological response to vaccination (P less than 0-05). However, neither the occurrence of upper respiratory nor systemic symptoms were significantly different in these two groups and the degree of attenuation of the recombinant WRL 105 strain appears to be acceptable for future use.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Myocardial infarction in car assembly workers.

The incidence of myocardial infarction and the return to work for survivors were studied among the employees of an English car assembly plant by analysing 12 811 medical records of persons employed during the seven years between January 1966 and December 1972. The standardized morbidity ratio of myocardial infarction found in this study calculated on the basis of incidence rates reported by Kinlen )1973) for the Oxford community in which the factory was situated was 90. The standardized morbidity ratio from production line workers only was 66 and that for the monthly paid staff 272. Of the production line workers who survived the attack 22 (90%) returned to their previous jobs without undue difficulty and with two exceptions within four months of the onset of their illness; there was no relation between length of absence and age at the time of attack. These findings suggest that workers in mass production jobs such as car assembly are not special risk from myocardial infarction, and most of those who survive a heart attack are able to return to their former work. Taken with Kinlen's (1973) study and that of Armstrong et al. (1972) in Edinburgh, they also bear out mortality data by indicating that in Oxfordshire the incidence of coronary heart disease is lower than the British average.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1976

A clinical trial of WRL 105 strain live attenuated influenza vaccine comparing four methods of intranasal vaccination.

A single intranasal dose of 10(7.0)EID50 recombinant WRL 105 strain live attenuated influenza vaccine was administered intranasally to 193 volunteers either as nose drops or by one of three spray devices which produced sprays of differing physical characteristics. In volunteers with homologous hemagglutinating inhibiting antibody titres of less than or equal to 20 before vaccination, seroconversion rates varied widely from 80% following the administration of drops to 71%, 57% and 28% with each of the spray devices. In the week following vaccination 16 (22%) of 74 volunteers who were found to show a fourfold or greater antibody response took analgesics to control symptoms in comparison with 4 (7%) of 58 volunteers who exhibited no serological response to vaccination (p less than 0.05). However, neither of the occurrence of upper respiratory nor systemic symptoms were significantly different in these two groups and the level of attenuation of the recombinant WRL 105 strain appears to be acceptable for future use.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Reactions to tetanus toxoid.

In a factory population the occurrence of reactions to tetanus toxoid was recorded after 6740 injections. The incidence of general reactions was 0.3% and of local reactions 2.6%. The local reaction rate to the first injection of the basic immunization course was 0.9%, to the second injection 2.7%, and to the third injection 7.4%. To booster injections the rate was 1.6%. The local reaction rate was appreciably higher in women than in men - 14.4% and 5.7% respectively in the case of the third injection - and the incidence among women increased with age.Tetanus vaccine containing 10 Lf of toxoid caused fewer reactions than one containing 20 Lf, but a reduction in the content of aluminium adjuvant did not affect the reaction rate.Almost all reactors were found to have a satisfactory serum antitoxin concentration at the time of the reaction or developed a satisfactory immunity within 1-6 months.Skin tests were made in 32 hypersensitive patients. Neither the diluent, thiomersal preservative, nor the culture medium appeared to be responsible for hypersensitivity. The degree of hypersensitivity elicited by a special highly purified toxoid was only very slightly less than that elicited by the commercially pure toxoid. It is suggested that reactions are largely due to the toxoid antigen itself rather than to impurities or other components of the vaccine.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Co-occurrence of alcohol and cigarette use among adolescents.

Concurrent use of alcohol and cigarettes among adolescents is a serious public health issue. Trends in concurrent use of alcohol and cigarettes were determined using data from three comparable large statewide samples of 7-12th-grade students in New York State, from surveys conducted in 1983, 1990, and 1994. The prevalence of use of alcohol and cigarettes decreased from 1983 (23%) to 1990 (19%), and increased by 1994 (22%). Logistic regression analysis showed that these trends are highly significant, and that the probability of use of alcohol and cigarettes is higher for females than males, increases with age, and is lower for most ethnic minorities than for Whites. In the 1990s, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians increased in their probability of concurrent use more than did Whites. Users of both alcohol and cigarettes are at increased risk of personal and social problems, as well as increased risk of delinquency. Drinking and smoking show synergistic effects on illicit drug use and drug problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gambling and alcohol use among youth: influences of demographic, socialization, and individual factors.

Gambling and alcohol use are both prevalent among youth and these behaviors may have common predictors within four domains: sociodemographic, individual/psychological, socialization (parental and peer), and other problem behavior. Data were from two household samples of youth in the Buffalo, NY area. Both studies included the same measures of alcohol consumption and gambling frequency, and comparable measures of variables in the four domains. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed that impulsivity, moral disengagement, and delinquency (adolescent or peer delinquency) predicted alcohol consumption and gambling in both studies, even after controlling for demographic factors. Parental monitoring, cigarette use, and illicit drug use predicted alcohol consumption in both studies, but did not predict gambling once the demographic and individual factors were taken into account.

Adolescent↗