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Biomedical subjects

G Ludwig

Publications and source records attributed to G Ludwig.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

How safe is the treatment of impotence with intracavernous autoinjection?

Intracavernous administration of papaverine and phentolamine has become an essential and indispensible element in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction. This paper assesses the frequency and meaning of the main side effects of intracavernous injections (prolonged erections, fibrosis, etc.). It is concluded that the benefit from this new method definitely exceeds the possible risks. However, for the safe implementation of this method, close and intensive cooperation between the physician and his patient is a condition that has to be guaranteed. Each patient carrying out autoinjection therapy has to be examined at reasonable intervals to evaluate the to date unknown effects of long-term therapy.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1988

Angiotensinogen gene expression in extrahepatic rat tissues: application of a solution hybridization assay.

Angiotensin II has numerous biological effects in a hitherto unsuspected variety of tissues. The generation of angiotensin in tissue requires the local presence of its high molecular weight precursor angiotensinogen and is best tested by investigating angiotensinogen gene expression. A quantitative solution hybridization assay for rapid and sensitive measurement of angiotensinogen mRNA was therefore established to study the extrahepatic expression of the angiotensinogen gene. We used a 714 bases BamHI angiotensinogen cDNA fragment cloned into vector pSPT18 and developed a sensitive and rapid assay with a detection limit of 0.5 pg RNA. Quantification of angiotensinogen mRNA from male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in the following tissue levels (n = 10 for all tissues, except pituitary where n = 5), was expressed as fg mRNA per microgram total RNA, in descending order: liver (9950), hypothalamus (6050), midbrain (4450), brainstem (3950), total brain (2325), aorta (625), kidney (338), adrenal gland (170), and heart atrium (140). The high sensitivity of the assay in addition also allowed for the first time measurement of angiotensinogen mRNA in the low gene expression tissues pituitary (70), heart ventricle (30), and testis (30). This assay will allow detailed studies on the regulation of tissue angiotensinogen and the pathophysiological role of the tissue renin angiotensin systems.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1988

Quantification of renin mRNA in various mouse tissues by a novel solution hybridization assay.

A new solution hybridization assay was established for the measurement of renin mRNA. The assay makes use of a radioactively labelled renin complementary RNA as hybridization probe and allows rapid and sensitive detection of renin mRNA in amounts as low as 0.5 pg. With this assay it was possible to quantify renin mRNA in tissues with low-gene expression such as brain and heart as well as in testis, kidney and the submandibular gland (SMG) of mice. The concentrations in these organs were 0.03, 0.07, 1, 5.2 and 164 pg renin mRNA/micrograms RNA, respectively. These results are in agreement with Northern blotting experiments. The general applicability and ease of the solution hybridization assay described here should greatly improve the rapidity of mRNA measurements in future functional studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Measurement of mRNA by solution hybridization with 32P-labelled single stranded cRNA probe ("SP6 test"). Comparison with a 32P-labelled single stranded cDNA as hybridization probe ("S1 test") for measurement of AVP mRNA.

Radioactively labelled cRNA for the rat AVP gene exon C was synthetized from a pSP64-vector and used for solution hybridization measurement of AVP mRNA ("SP6 test"). For comparison hybridization was carried out with a gel-purified radioactively labelled cDNA probe synthetized by primer extension of AVP gene exon C cloned into an M13mp9 phage vector DNA ("S1 test"). Both tests had a comparable sensitivity of up to 0.2 pg AVP mRNA. Under optimal hybridization conditions kinetics were similar in both tests. The fast and easy preparation of large amounts of labelled cRNA probe and simple determination of absolute amounts of mRNA by saturation kinetics without need of a mRNA standard makes the "SP6 test" an attractive alternative to the known "S1 test". The "SP6 test" should be applicable for a wide variety of genes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Renin gene expression in rat tissues: a new quantitative assay method for rat renin mRNA using synthetic cRNA.

A genomic renin exon 9 fragment was subcloned into vector pSPT18 and used for in vitro transcription to obtain 32P-labeled rat renin cRNA. Using this cRNA, we established quantitative solution hybridization and specific Northern blotting assays for renin mRNA. We were able to detect renin mRNA in the kidney, heart ventricle and atrium, brain, testis, and adrenal gland of male rats in the concentrations of 430 +/- 8.1, 110 +/- 1.9, 43 +/- 0.9, 64 +/- 1.1, 47 +/- 0.9 and 11 +/- 0.2 pg mRNA/mg of total RNA, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between renin mRNA and renin secretion in adrenalectomized, salt-depleted, or converting enzyme inhibitor-treated rats.

Renin secretion was stimulated in rats by adrenalectomy (ADX), by treatment with the converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril (MK 421), or by feeding a low salt diet plus furosemide treatment (FUR). Relative amounts of renin mRNA were measured by densitometric Northern blot analysis using a 32P-labeled 700 bp mouse submaxillary gland cDNA fragment as hybridization probe. Renin secretion was measured in isolated kidneys taken from pretreated rats. Treatment resulted in a 4.4-, 7- and 12.7-fold increase in total renin mRNA in kidneys of ADX, MK 421 and FUR rats, respectively. Plasma renin levels increased 5-, 9- and 12-fold in ADX, MK 421 and FUR rats, whereas ex vivo secretion rates from the isolated kidney were 4.7-, 0.5- and 4.2-fold, respectively, that of controls. Thus, a close relationship between increases in renin secretion in vivo (reflected by plasma renin concentration) and renin mRNA exists, whereas secretion rates in the isolated perfused kidney ex vivo change in a non-proportional fashion.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1987

Clinical experience with ofloxacin in upper and lower urinary tract infections. A comparison with co-trimoxazole and nitrofurantoin.

The efficacy and tolerance of ofloxacin were compared with those of co-trimoxazole in upper urinary tract infections (UTIs) and nitrofurantoin in lower UTIs in a prospective, controlled, randomised, observer-blind study. Ofloxacin proved to be an effective and well-tolerated substance. The clinical cure rate was more pronounced than that of both comparative drugs and ofloxacin was also superior to co-trimoxazole and nitrofurantoin in terms of bacterial elimination. A second, controlled study showed that single doses of ofloxacin 100mg were clinically and bacteriologically as effective as a 3-day course of ofloxacin 100mg twice daily in women with uncomplicated lower UTIs.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Local corticoids in eczematous dermatoses].

Treatment with topical glucocorticoids should not be used uncritically, nor should it be blamed. The following criteria should be considered: time of application, duration, valuation, vehicle of application, time limitation, attendant measures (including additives and information of the patient).

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1986

Mannose metabolism in corn and its impact on leaf metabolites, photosynthetic gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence.

When intact corn leaves were provided millimolar concentrations of d-mannose through the transpiration stream photosynthesis was inhibited; 5.7 millimolar resulted in a 50% inhibition of the carbon exchange rate. This inhibition was partially reversible by the addition of orthophosphate to the feeding solution. Mannose metabolism by corn leaves was limited in that it did not act as a resource for sucrose or starch synthesis. Mannose 6-phosphate accumulated in the leaf tissues and was slowly metabolized by a pathway involving mannose 1-phosphate. Correlated with the mannose-6-phosphate accumulation were decreases in ATP, orthophosphate, sucrose, and phosphoenolpyruvate and increases in starch and maltose. When provided in the transpiration stream mannose had access to both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Mannose feeding led to oscillations in steady state chlorophyll fluorescence emission (680 nanometers) and an elimination of the Kautsky effect during fluorescence induction. Pyridoxal 5-phosphate and 2,4-dinitrophenol were found to be inhibitors of CO(2) exchange when provided in the transpiration stream of intact corn leaves. However, Pyridoxal 5-phosphate induced a quenching of steady state fluorescence while 2,4-dinitrophenol led to an increase in fluorescence emission.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

[Rectal absorption of steroids].

The investigations were designed to evaluate the systemic absorption of two steroids from suppositories. The suppositories containing either 3H-hydrocortisone (1 mg) or 3H-prednisolone-21-hexanoate (1 mg) were administered to a group of 4 baboons restrained in chairs. The levels of radio-activity in the plasma and urine were measured up to 120 h following rectal administration, and these levels were compared with those of a subsequent intravenous administration (1 mg each). The results show that both hydrocortisone (H) and prednisolone-21-hexanoate (P) are rapidly (tmax = 2-3 h) and significantly (H: 60-78%, P: 47-58%) absorbed from suppositories and thus can also cause systemic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Computer tomographic studies in Wilson disease].

5 patients with proven Wilson's disease had clinical examinations and follow-up scans up to 6 years while being under penicillamine treatment. Severe neurological deficits were associated with marked CT abnormalities. In all other cases clinical condition and CT finding was only loosely correlated. Under therapy, some hypodense areas normalized their attenuation partially or completely. In primarily normal CT's, cupruresis did not induce alterations. As there is no firm correlation between CT findings and clinical involvement the CT examination is of limited value in prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Comparison of institutional and ambulatory methods of rehabilitation in myocardial infarct].

The authors compared the results of their own methods of rehabilitation after myocardial infarction, applied in two groups: 92 patients who were trained in the institute, and in other 92 patients who performed their rehabilitation training for some weeks at home. In all patients the working capacity (bicycle ergometry), psychosocial state and rate of return into professional activity over one year after infarction were examined. No statistically significant differences in the results obtained in both groups were found except for the working capacity, the improvement of which was significantly more pronounced in patients who performed their rehabilitation training in the institute.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

[Frequency of kidney cyst wall cancer--results of 22,000 ultrasound studies].

In 22 198 sonographic examinations of the epigastric region, the authors identified 759 renal cysts (3.4%) and 165 renal tumours (0.74%). The percentage of incidence of the renal cysts is identical with that found in post-mortem examinations, whereas tumours were distinctly more frequent. Tumours of the cystic wall had been found in 0.5% of all sonographically diagnosed cysts and in 4% of renal cysts examined via fine-needle biopsy. Of the latter cysts (i.e. out of the 4% of cysts diagnosed by fine-needle biopsy), which were associated with tumours, two had been diagnosed as tumour suspects via sonography. Hence, the sonographic absence of abnormal findings in carcinoma of the renal cyst wall is rare. However, cysts diagnosed via sonography which cannot be subjected to fine-needle biopsy, should be rechecked and followed up at regular intervals. If all possible methods of diagnosis are utilised (I.V. urography, sonography, fine-needle biopsy guided by sonography, computed tomography, angiography), successful differential diagnosis of localised pathological conditions of the kidneys can be achieved in 97% of all cases. Patient risk and cost of diagnosis can be kept at a minimum by proceeding in steps as described in the article. Primary surgical exposure of the kidneys in case of a cystic renal process would now appear justified for therapeutic reasons only, not for the purpose of arriving at a diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗