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Biomedical subjects

G Lloyd

Publications and source records attributed to G Lloyd.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Haematological and biochemical monitoring of Ebola infection in rhesus monkeys: implications for patient management.

Patients with severe viral infections such as Lassa or Ebola may be denied adequate laboratory investigations because of justifiable fears among laboratory staff. This study in monkeys was designed to provide comprehensive haematological and biochemical monitoring in a contained environment during all stages of Ebola infection. Marked neutrophilia, depletion of lymphocytes, and early failure of platelet aggregation preceded a consumption coagulopathy with a microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and failure of prostacyclin production by vascular endothelium. Liver dysfunction was moderate but in conjunction with the dehydration and hypoalbuminaemia could be expected to precipitate renal failure and shock. It seems reasonable to anticipate successful patient support with a patient management isolator and treatment with platelet transfusions, fresh frozen plasma, and possibly prostacyclin when haemostasis is defective during this otherwise self-limiting illness.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

HFRS in UK?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Structural and cell-associated proteins of Lassa virus.

Lassa virus was purified from culture fluids of infected CV-1 monkey kidney cells and its structural proteins analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Stained gels showed a typical arenavirus profile, with a prominent protein of molecular weight 60000, corresponding to the nucleocapsid protein N, and two faint broad bands with molecular weights of 45000 and 38000, the envelope glycoproteins G1 and G2. G1 and G2 were shown to be glycosylated by their ability to bind concanavalin A to nitrocellulose transfers of the separated proteins ('Western blots'). N and G2 bound antibody from guinea-pig or human convalescent sera but G1 was inactive, presumably as a result of denaturation. This technique also revealed other apparently virus-specific minor bands with molecular weights of 76000 and 68000. When Western blots of proteins of infected cells which had been lysed in SDS were probed with anti-Lassa virus serum or stained for glycoproteins, four virus-specific bands were apparent: the N, G1 and G2 proteins seen in purified virus, and a glycoprotein of molecular weight 72000 which probably corresponds to the envelope protein precursor (GPC) seen in other arenavirus systems. Immunoprecipitates from infected CV-1 cells labelled with [35S]methionine contained three major virus-specific proteins: the nucleocapsid protein N and proteins of 36000 and 24000 molecular weight (designated fN1 and fN2). Similar immunoprecipitates from Vero cells contained fN1 and fN2 and only very low levels of N. The polypeptides fN1 and fN2 are most probably fragments of N, since Western blots probed with anti-Lassa virus serum showed that lysis of cells in non-ionic detergent rather than SDS results in the appearance of fN2 with concomitant reduction or disappearance of N. These fragments do not exist in the intact cell, but are found as a consequence of rather specific proteolysis upon disruption under non-denaturing conditions. The proteolytic activity responsible was refractory to inhibition by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, aprotinin, pepstatin A or sodium bisulphite, and was more active in Vero than in CV-1 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A case of Lassa fever: clinical and virological findings.

Five days after arriving in London from Jos a young Nigerian women developed a severe and prolonged illness that proved to be Lassa fever. Virus was not detected in urine during the first three weeks but then appeared and reached a peak during the sixth week, with continuing excretion for 67 days after the onset of illness. Laboratory investigations showed evidence of extensive tissue damage and disturbance of clotting, but there was no serious bleeding and she eventually made a complete recovery despite a high sustained viraemia and severe liver damage. Convalescent serum was used in treatment but it was difficult to assess its contribution to the favourable outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Screening for problem drinkers among medical inpatients.

Among 275 patients aged between 18 and 65 admitted to general medical wards, 19.3 per cent were found to have a current alcohol-related problem and/or previous treatment for alcoholism. 13.2 per cent were newly identified cases, with men significantly outnumbering women. The house physician's history referred to alcohol consumption in 32 of 34 new cases but often underestimated consumption, adverse social problems and dependence symptoms. Laboratory markers were not sufficiently sensitive to be used as screening tests on their own.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus from Iraq 1979: I. Morphology in BHK21 cells.

Congo-Crimean Haemorrhagic Fever virus, isolated from a patient in Iraq, was grown, after passage in suckling mouse brain, in BHK cells. The particles matured after 8-9 days in these cells by budding, usually singly, into cytoplasmic vacuoles throughout the host cells. The virions had an overall diameter of 115 to 125 nm, including rounded surface spikes 15 nm long and 10 nm wide. The viral cores, surrounded by a lipid unit membrane, contained discrete electron-dense elements. It is suggested that the spikes, dimpled at their outer end and possibly hollow throughout their length, passed out through "pores" in the unit membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A comparative study of strains of Ebola virus isolated from southern Sudan and northern Zaire in 1976.

During the 1976 Ebola virus outbreak in Sudan, the investigations team gained the impression that fewer haemorrhagic manifestations and few fatalities occurred during the later stages of the epidemic after the virus had undergone several generations in man. This impression was also noted in guinea pigs experimentally infected with Sudanese and Zairean strains of Ebola virus. The virulence of the Sudanese isolates was less intense than isolates emanating from Zaire. Similar findings were seen in monkeys; a Zairean isolated produced fatal infections, whereas monkeys inoculated with a Sudan strain generally recovered. Two monkeys, which had recovered from Sudanese strain infections and had developed high levels of antibody detectable by immunofluorescence, were challenged with the Zairean strain. Both developed viraemias and died. The mechanisms of this "failed protection" are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Aujeszky's disease in the guinea pig: cellular and humoral responses following immunization.

The fatal disease caused by virulent ADV in guinea pigs was found to be identical to that seen in sheep and cattle. Intramuscular (i.m.) injection of an avirulent strain of ADV (Bartha) yielded better immunity to challenge after 3 weeks than did intranasal (i.n.) immunization, and this was reflected in differences in histopathological changes in the brain. Serum antibodies active in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) were titrated using polymorphonuclear leukocytes as effector cells. ADCC correlated fairly well with virus neutralization and was a far more sensitive technique. There was good, but not complete, correlation between ADCC and protection. Lymphocyte responsiveness to virus antigens in vitro was assessed by 3H-thymidine uptake and lympholine tests. Lymphocyte stimulation and mitogenic factor responses were low grade but blood lymphocyte stimulation was more pronounced in the better-protected animals. Macrophage migration inhibition correlated neither with serum ADCC nor with protection, being equally demonstrable in the two immunized groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ebola and Marburg viruses: I. Some ultrastructural differences between strains when grown in Vero cells.

A strain of Marburg virus and two strains of Ebola virus grown in Vero cells were compared by electron microscopy. The outer coat of the Marburg virion appeared to be more resistant to erosion by negative staining techniques than that of the Epbola strains. Marburg virus commonly produced "torus" forms and short filaments; the Zaire strain of Ebola produced extensive branched forms and very long filaments; the Sudan strain of Ebola produced shorter, less branched structures but very many aberrant forms. The mechanism for the production of these aberrant forms is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ebola and Marburg viruses: II. Thier development within Vero cells and the extra-cellular formation of branched and torus forms.

The development of Marburg virus and the Sudanese and Zaire strains of Ebola virus in Vero cells as visualized by electron microscopy is described. Despite differences in timing, all three strains appear to pass through identical stages of development. Initially there is a large increase in nucleolus material, and viral precursor material arranges itself in spirals and then into tubes. The cells fill with core material, which passes to the plasmalemma, which often proliferates. Each virion passes through the plasmalemma, acquiring a coat of host material. The formation of torus forms is discussed; the branched appearance that is often seen is believed to be an aberrant form. The reasons for this view are put forward.

Animals↗