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Biomedical subjects

G Lidin-Janson

Publications and source records attributed to G Lidin-Janson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Virulence of Escherichia coli in relation to host factors in women with symptomatic urinary tract infection.

The relationship between bacterial characteristics and the severity of urinary tract infection in adults has not been clarified. In this study, Escherichia coli strains (n = 178) were prospectively collected from women with community-acquired urinary tract infection. The isolates were identified by O:K:H serotype and characterized for adherence, hemolysin production, and serum bactericidal resistance. The patients had acute pyelonephritis with or without complicating factors and acute cystitis. Nine serotypes (O1:K1:H7, O1:K1:H-, O2:K1:H-, O4:K12:H1, O7:K1:H-, O9:K34:H-, O16:K1:H6, O16:K1:H-, and O75:K5:H-) comprised 65% of the strains in uncomplicated pyelonephritis, but were significantly less often encountered in complicated pyelonephritis or cystitis. Adherence was the single property most characteristic of the pyelonephritogenic clones. Adhesins specifically recognizing Gal alpha 1----4Gal beta-containing receptors occurred in 80% of strains in uncomplicated pyelonephritis, in 50% of strains in complicated infections, and in 37% of cystitis strains. Hemolysin production and serum resistance did not correlate with any disease pattern. Advanced age did not seem to reduce the selection of virulent E. coli to cause pyelonephritis. These results demonstrate in women a relationship between E. coli virulence and the severity of urinary tract infection analogous to that previously observed in pediatric populations and also illustrate the balance between host resistance and bacterial virulence in the urinary tract.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Outbreak of respiratory illness on board a ship cruising to ports in southern Europe and northern Africa.

A large outbreak of influenza-like and diarrhoeal illness took place over a period of 21 days in April 1984 on board a ship cruising to ports in southern Europe and northern Africa. A cohort study of the 418 passengers was made by postal questionnaire and personal interview. Of the 391 passengers who were interviewed or who returned a questionnaire, 335 (86%) were affected. Of the ill passengers, 295 (88%) had an influenza-like illness. These included 20 with signs of lower respiratory tract infection. In 24 passengers, a viral infection was diagnosed. Influenza B virus infection was identified in 14 cases; other diagnoses were influenza A, para-influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and Epstein-Barr virus infections. In two of the 81 patients tested for Legionella antibodies, a titre of 128 was found; in 16 and 44 patients, titres of 64 and 32 respectively. The outbreak was thus evidently caused by multiple pathogens mainly affecting the respiratory tract. Although most of the passengers acquired their infections on board the ship, a common source was not discovered. A steep rise in the epidemic curve the day after the air-conditioning was switched on, however, is worth noting. If and when similar instances of the 'Sick Boat Syndrome' recur, a search for environmental sources of infection is to be recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Virulence factors of Escherichia coli in urinary isolates from pregnant women.

Urinary isolates from 24 pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis and from 37 pregnant women with bacteriuria detected at screening were characterized for O:K:H serotype, electrophoretic type, adherence, hemolysin production, and serum resistance. Between the two diagnostic groups, only three clones were identical. For the remaining isolates, both the identification markers and virulence traits differed significantly. The strains from pregnant women with pyelonephritis did not significantly differ from those from non-pregnant women. Thus, pregnancy was shown not to abolish the difference in virulence between Escherichia coli causing acute pyelonephritis and asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Fever and proximal tubular function in acute pyelonephritis.

The urinary excretion of alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1M), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) as markers of proximal tubular dysfunction was measured in various forms of urinary tract infections (UTI) and in fever due to non-renal infections. The urinary concentration of these proteins was significantly increased in acute pyelonephritis compared with acute cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria. Tubular proteinuria and enzymuria could also be demonstrated in subjects with fever of non-renal origin and corresponded to the findings of pyelonephritis. It is suggested that fever per se is the most likely cause of the tubular proteinuria seen in acute pyelonephritis. In localizing an acute UTI characterization of the urinary protein profile seems to have no advantage over a carefully measured body temperature. The urinary excretion of alpha 1M,beta 2M and RBP were highly correlated, while urinary NAG activity was less correlated to these low-molecular weight proteins. Fibrin degradation product D (FDP-D) was detected in the urines in 60% of the patients with acute pyelonephritis and in one third of those with acute cystitis. The estimation of FDP in urine therefore seems to be of little value in the level diagnosis of UTI.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1983

Zoster immunoglobulin in varicella prophylaxis. A study among high-risk patients.

The efficacy of zoster immunoglobulin (ZIG) in preventing varicella was studied among patients in a high-risk group. 173 non-immune patients were observed after exposure to varicella-zoster (VZ) virus and subsequent administration of ZIG. For 138 patients (80%) no sign of varicella was recorded, 16 patients (9%) had a subclinical infection and 19 patients (11%) developed varicella. 12/19 patients with varicella contracted a very mild disease (less than 20 pocks, negligible fever), 5 got mild or normal disease and 2 children, both with acute lymphatic leukemia, developed more pronounced symptoms. Three patients protected by 0.15 ml ZIG/kg body weight after heavy exposure to VZ virus, were not protected at a second exposure 2 weeks later. In an enlarged study group of high-risk patients where 52 patients receiving ZIG developed varicella, the mean incubation period for 42 patients was 21 days. Leukemic patients were found to have a higher frequency of clinical varicella, more pronounced symptoms and a slightly longer incubation period than other high-risk patients. VZ specific antibody titers were compared for various immunoglobulin preparations and found to be 30 times higher in zoster immunoglobulins than in normal immunoglobulins.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Adhesion, hemagglutination, and virulence of Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections.

The capacity of 453 Escherichia coli strains to agglutinate erythrocytes and yeast cells and to attach to human urinary tract epithelial cells was tested. The strains were isolated from the urine of patients with acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis, or asymptomatic bacteriuria and from the stools of healthy school children. Three main patterns of hemagglutination were found: (i) mannose-resistant agglutination of human erythrocytes alone or simultaneously with mannose-sensitive agglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes; (ii) only mannose-sensitive agglutination of guinea pig and other erythrocytes; and (iii) no agglutination. Strains with mannose-resistant agglutination of human erythrocytes alone or in combination with mannose-sensitive hemagglutination attached in high numbers to human urinary tract epithelial cells. Bacteria inducing only mannose-sensitive hemagglutination attached in low numbers, and non-agglutinating strains did not bind to the urinary tract epithelial cells. The bacterial surface antigen(s) mediating mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human erythrocytes and attachment to human urinary tract epithelial cells may be one factor selecting for E. coli from among the fecal flora which infect the urinary tract. The highest proportion of strains with this property was found among acute pyelonephritis isolates (77%), and the lowest proportion of strains with this property was found among normal fecal E. coli (16%).

Agglutination↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of circulating immune complex-like material for development of skin reactions in connection with penicillin therapy.

The levels of immune complex-like material in serum from 18 patients in connection with skin eruptions appearing during penicillin therapy were determined with a modified ELISA. Immune complex-like material could only be shown in the serum of 3 out of the 17 patients. However, according to ELISA results, the complexes appeared without the simultaneous presence of penicilloyl-specific antibodies. Neither could penicilloyl-specific antibodies be recorded in 9 patient treated with parenteral penicillin without adverse reactions. 3 of these patients had immune complex-like material in their serum. It was concluded that immune complex-like material with penicilloyl specificity is not likely to contribute to the development of skin eruptions often seen in connection with penicillin treatment.

Adolescent↗