Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Li.
The growth of plants may be controlled by clipping the aerial part. This may increase the yield of Bupleurum falcatum. Different methods of cultivation may result in different outputs of crude drugs. Compared with land plotting, deep ploughing and high ridging may increase the root weight of one-year-old plant by 28% and 50% respectively.
Twenty patients undergoing open-heart valve replacement were divided randomly into two groups in this study; intermittent perfusion of cold crystalloid (St. Thomas Hospital solution) with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (hypothermic group) and continuous administration of warm blood cardioplegia with normothermic CPB (normothermic group) respectively. Tissue samples were taken from the right atrium before weaning from CPB and from the right appendage 30 minutes after removal of the cross-clamp. The results of pathological study in these two groups were as follows: the structural alterations were most severe during the ischemic period in the hypothermic group. Damages of the myocardial mitochondria examined with transmission electron microscope were found more severe in the hypothermic group than in the normothermic group, and in the reperfusion period than in the ischemic period. Loss of integrity of the mitochondrial membrane could be noted during reperfusion in the hypothermic group. The surface to volume ratios of mitochondria of each period of the two groups were calculated by computerizing the microphotographs of the myocardium. It was shown that the average of the surface to volume ratios was smallest in the reperfusion period in the normothermic group. It seemed that the volumes of the mitochondria were larger in the warm group than in the cold one. Probably the results were due to more severe damages of the mitochondrial membranes in the hypothermic group, which led to the release of the contents out of the mitochondria while in the normothermic group, the sodium-pump was disordered and it made the mitochondria swell. Pathologically, blood cardioplegic perfusion with the use of normothermic CPB is a feasible method for myocardial protection in open-heart surgery.
It is difficult to make a precise diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and to differentiate it from Crohn's disease. For evaluating Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay in these two aspects, 36 specimens of intestinal tuberculosis from surgical resections and endoscopic biopsies and 26 Crohn's disease samples were subjected to PCR assay. 21 specimens of normal colon tissue surrounding cancer were used as the control. Oligonucleotides derived from the IS 6110 sequence, which is repeated in M. tuberculosis chromosome and highly specific for the M. tuberculosis complex, were used as a primer. The amplified PCR products were detected by examination of ethidium-bromide-stained polyacrylamide gels. The specificity of PCR products was confirmed by digestion with Sal I restrictive endonuclease and southern blot hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled probe. The results showed that the M. tuberculosis DNA was identified in 27/36 intestinal tuberculosis, but none of 26 Crohn's disease. Acid fast bacilli were only found in 16/36 intestinal tuberculosis. In conclusion, as a rapid, sensitive, and specific pathogenic method in diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis, PCR assay has been developed in this study, and is considered valuable in the differentiation between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease.
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577 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) aged from 25 to 74 were identified in Daqing in 1986. They were stratified according to BMI > or = 25 (352 cases) and BMI < 25 (225 cases) and subjects in each BMI group were randomly assigned to four groups: control, diet, exercise and diet plus exercise intervention groups (each group had similar age, BMI, fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose level). A six-year follow up study indicated that incidence of diabetes per 100-person-year was 15.7, 10.0, 8.3 and 9.6 in control, diet, exercise and diet plus exercise groups respectively. Proportional hazards regression analysis controlling for differences in baseline factors (age, sex, BMI and plasma glucose) showed that diet and/or exercise intervention were inversely related to the incidence of diabetes. The better the actual intervention, the less the incidence of diabetes. Therefore, the results strongly indicate that diet and/or exercise intervention treatment are effective methods to reduce the incidence of diabetes.
In a previous paper, it was reported that deltamethrin-medicated bath of domestic dogs had a strong killing effect against Ph. chinensis, and could also inhibit its blood sucking ability or cause its death shortly after blood sucking. The effect could last for 30 days to 114 days, and mostly for 2 months in the local area. Based on our previous study, three villages (Yongle, Yongfeng, Anle) and a town (Chengguan) were selected from the mountainous region with high incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in Nanping County, northern Sichuan for carrying out an extensive experiment of medicated bathing of domestic dogs, where there were 13 new infected cases in the year of 1991 before the experiment. During the sandfly season in 1992, two rounds of medicated bathing of dogs were conducted, the drug concentration used was 50 ppm. From September 1992 to August 1993, the number of new infected cases was 11 in the above mentioned three villages and a town. Another two rounds of medicated bathing of dogs had been conducted during the sandfly season in 1993. The results show that there was no new infection from September 1993 to October 1994 in the three villages and a town, indicating that through two years' consecutive extensive medicated bathing of dogs in the endemic areas, canine visceral leishmaniasis transmission had been significantly interrupted. The authors consider that in the mountainous region of southern Gansu and northern Sichuan where it has been difficult to treat dogs, it might be more practical to use deltamethrin bathing of dogs for interrupting the transmission of canine visceral leishmaniasis.
Wistar rats were fed with grain produced in the areas prevalent of Keshan Disease, and supplemented by selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VE) for ten weeks, and an acute myocardial ischaemia animal model was established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary arteries. Results indicated activities of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and levels of arachidonic acid (AA), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), leucotriene C4 (LTC4) and lipid peroxides (LPO) increased, but level of prostacyclin (PC) and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PO), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn-SOD) and catalase (CAT) decreased 48 hours after ligation of the coronary vessels in rats without supplement of Se and VE. Supplement of Se or VE in their feed could reverse the above effects and the best results could be got by supplement of both. It suggested that supplement of adequate amount of Se and VE in their feed could affect metabolism of AA and levels of its metabolites, improve myocardial function and metabolic status and reduce myocardial damage in rats under the stress of acute myocardial ischaemia.
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Parkinson's discase is an extrapyramidal disease characterized by tremor, hypokinesis and postural reflex disturbance. It often occurs in the middle and the old-aged. People usually use synthetic drugs such as atropine, levodopa or medopa to gain temporary relief, but the side effects are serious. Along with prolongation of medication, the effective rate reduces step by step. Hence, seeking for a new therapy via the approach of integrating traditional Chinese and western medicine becomes a pressing issue. Since the early 1970's, the author has made use of Chinese herbal drugs, acupuncture and moxibustion as the main measures to treat this affection, and definite therapeutic effects have been obtained. Owing to the scarceness of data regarding syndrome differentiation and treatment of such illness in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the author puts forward some of her personal views in this aspect for colleagues' further discussion.
The localization of insulin-like growth factor I in the upper end of the human fetal femur was studied by immunohistochemistry on the undecalcified bone sections. Certain numbers of chondrocytes in germinal, proliferating and hypertrophic zones of the epiphysial growth plates, some osteoblasts and a few osteoclasts were immunoreactive to the antibody to IGF-I. The end-product of the DAB reaction was deposited in the osteoid and bone matrix of metaphysis. Also presented is a discussion on the local effects of IGF-I on the chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
A biosensor based on luminol chemiluminescent reaction and immobilized uricase column for serum uric acid determination has been developed. The response time by the sensor for various concentrations of serum uric acid was 47 sec with a 17-microliters sample volume at 40 samples per hr. The linear range of standard curve was from 1 mg/dL up to 20 mg/dL of serum uric acid. The imprecision within a day was 3.22% to 4.36%. The day-to-day imprecision was 6.18% to 7.80%. The recovery rate by the method was 93% to 109%. Compared with the standard colorimetric method employed, the enzymatic kit revealed that the linear regression and correlation coefficient were Y = 0.4 + 0.938x and r = 0.9909, respectively. The immobilized uricase column retained 94% of its original activity even after over 2000 runs for five and half months of continual usage.
Tissue oxygenation was observed in dogs inflicted with steam inhalation injury in this study. Main findings were as follows: there was significant decrease in cardiac output (CO), oxygen delivery (DO2), alveolar oxygen partial pressure (PAO2), arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), mixed venous oxygen partial pressure (PVO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO2), and pH (P < 0.01), and marked increase in P(A-a)O2, oxygen extraction ratio (ERO2), and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). However there was no obvious change in oxygen consumption rate (VO2) within four hours after inhalation injury. The results indicated that the tissue hypoxia was caused directly by insufficient blood perfusion and oxygen supply as well.
The retention rate of indocyanine green at 15 minutes (ICGR15) and routine hepatic function tests were performed preoperatively in 122 cases of patients with primary liver carcinomas in order to evaluate the hepatic functional reserve. These patients were divided into 3 groups according to the post-operative changes of hepatic function. 87, 24 and 11 cases showed good recovery (group good), mild liver dysfunction (group mild) and severe liver dysfunction (group severe) respectively, after operation. The differences of Pugh's points, ALT, ALP and gamma-GT between each two groups were not significant. But, the differences of ICGR15 were very significant. We also divided all cases into 3 groups according to the value of ICGR15. The incidence of liver dysfunction was 6.0% in group A (ICGR15 < 10.0%), 27.8% in group B (ICGBR15 = 10.0%-20.0%) and 76.5% in group C (ICGR15 > 20.0%), respectively. The difference of the incidences of liver dysfunction in these 3 groups was very significant. The higher the ICGR15, the more the incidence of liver dysfunction. These results demonstrated that ICGR15 is a good indicator to judge hepatic functional reserve for patients with primary liver carcinoma.
To evaluate the efficacy and the safety of cefteram in bacterial infections, a randomized control study of cefteram and cefaclor on the treatment of 123 patients with respiratory and urinary tract infections was carried out. The result showed that the effective and bacterial eradication rates were 92.1% and 91.4% for cefteram. 83.3% and 85.2% for cefalor. Adverse reactions were mainly gastrointestinal reactions, occurring in 4.6% of the cefteram group and 9.4% of the cefaclor group. Study of minimum inhibitory concentration displayed high antibacterial activity of cefteram for enterobacteriaceae and other Gram-negative organisms and its activity was higher than that of gentamyicin and ciprofloxacin for E. coli. It is concluded that cefteram was effective and safe in the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections.
The clinical data of 3,911 burn patients admitted to our institute from January, 1983 to December, 1992 were analyzed mainly on the distribution of age, causes of burns, burn area, combined injuries, common complications, incidence of burn shock, mortality and cause of death. Results showed that 91.7 per cent of deceased had suffered from inhalation injury, internal organ complications and systemic infection, suggesting that inhalation injury, visceral complication and systemic infection still remain to be the three major causes of death in burn patients.
The ADBS data bank system consists of PC 286 microcomputer, (or 386 and other more advanced machine) VGA color monitor, printer and ADBS V. 2.0 software. According to the international classification of diseases (ICD-9 or ICD-10, SNOMED), pathological diagnoses are coded and put into computer. This system has five functions: search, statistics, edition, print and system restore. For facilitating the operation of this system, all orders are listed as window menu. The statistic results can be shown as tables or figures and put out as disk files or prints. The system is currently an advanced computerized system of histopathological and autopsied records in Chinese.
After a survey of the gonotrophic cycle of 5147 female Phlebotomus chinensis collected from the caves in the mountain area 1500 m above sea level in Nanping County, Sichuan Province where this sandfly was proved to be the typical predominant wild species living mostly in the wild cave at a very high density, a large cave was sprayed with alphamethrin at a dosage of 50 mg/m2 in July, 1993. As a result, the sandfly density dropped to zero spanning over a period of two peak seasons. The authors consider that the residual effect of alphamethrin as long enough to suppress sandfly density in the cave for at least two years, and stress that the spray is a favourable measure in all the year round in reducing the sandfly population density and preventing visceral leishmaniasis.