Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Li

Publications and source records attributed to G Li.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Age at onset and familial risk in Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the relationship between probands' age at onset of Alzheimer's disease with the risk of primary progressive dementia in the probands' first-degree relatives. METHOD: Two hundred probands with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and 179 nondemented elderly probands were recruited from the Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, located at Mount Sinai Hospital and the Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Demographic and diagnostic data were collected on 1,398 of the first-degree relatives of the probands with Alzheimer's disease and 955 first-degree relatives of the nondemented probands. RESULTS: Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed a significant inverse relationship between age at onset of Alzheimer's disease in probands and greater familial risk in their relatives. Follow-up analyses indicated that the most commonly used age at onset cutoff point--65 years--was one of the points where an association with familial aggregation is least likely to be revealed; other onset cutoff ages (e.g., 55, 70, and 75) better identified Alzheimer's disease groups with differing familial/genetic risks. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that patients with an earlier age at onset of Alzheimer's disease are more likely to have relatives with Alzheimer's disease than are patients with a later age at onset of the disease. An onset age of 70 best differentiated probands whose relatives were at higher risk from those whose relatives were at lower risk.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1995

The contribution of cranial-nerve nuclei to the short latency vestibular evoked potentials in cat.

The object of this study was to assess the contributions of various cranial nerve nuclei to the short latency vestibular evoked potentials (VsEPs) in cat. The following nuclei were investigated: vestibular nuclei, and 3rd, 6th and 10th cranial nerve nuclei. In unilateral labyrinthectomized cats, suboccipital craniectomy and partial cerebellectomy were carried out in order to place bipolar electrodes into the neural structures under investigation. The surface recorded VsEPs (far-field) were compared with the potentials recorded intracranially in response to the same acceleration impulses. The exact locations were later confirmed histologically. Reversible lesions also were induced by injecting of lignocaine 2%. The results indicate that the 2nd wave (P2) is mainly generated in the superior and medial vestibular nuclei. The 3rd, 6th and 10th cranial nerve nuclei apparently contribute to the later waves of the VsEPs, particularly P3 and P4.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effect of fumonisin B1 on isolated chondrocytes and on bone formation.

Toxic effects of fumonisin B1 (FB1) were observed with cultured chondrocytes isolated from epiphyseal growth plates and with growing broiler chicks. Viability of chondrocytes was reduced after 48 h exposure to FB1, and half lethal concentration of FB1 was estimated to be greater than 250 microM. Increase in cell size was inhibited by as low as 25 microM FB1. Dietary inclusion of fumonisins (55 and 110 ppm) caused a reduction in body weight, increase in liver weight, and decrease in feed efficiency (P < .05). However, diarrhea and bone malformation were not observed. It is concluded that fumonisin by itself is not sufficient to cause skeletal problems in poultry.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Epidemiology and Prevention of Traffic-related Injuries Among Adolescents.

Traffic-related injuries are the leading cause of mortality and injury morbidity among adolescents. This chapter presents a review of the epidemiology of traffic-related injury during adolescence, summarizes the effectiveness of the major interventions that have been implemented, and identifies the gaps in research in this area.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Overexpression of c-erbB-2 and p21 oncoproteins in human radiation-induced skin ulcers.

We studied the overexpression of c-erbB-2 and p21 oncoproteins in human radiation-induced skin ulcers using immunohistochemistry. We found that the positive rate of overexpression of c-erbB-2 and p21 oncoproteins was 92.0 and 92.9%, respectively. The overexpression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was observed mainly in the cell membrane of squamous epithelial cells and in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, leiomyocytes in the media, and in fibrocytes of the adventitia of mesenchymal arterioles. The location of the p21 oncoprotein overexpression was mostly similar to that of c-erbB-2 with stronger staining in the cytoplasm of squamous epithelial cells and weaker staining in mesenchymal arteriolar walls. The overexpression of c-erbB-2 and p21 oncoproteins may be corresponding to the cancer transformation and poor healing of radiation-induced skin ulcers.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Abnormal location of p16 protein and overexpression of p53 protein in human radiation-induced skin cancer.

To evaluate the role of p16 multiple tumor suppressor (MTS1) and p53 protein in human radiation-induced skin cancer, we examined the expression of p16 and p53 in eight cases using immunohistochemistry. An abnormal location of p16 expression in the cytoplasm was found in seven of eight cases, but the expression of p53 in nuclei was noted in only three of eight cases. These findings suggest that the inactivation of p16 might be related to its binding with another unknown oncoprotein in the cytoplasm and thus lead to carcinogenesis.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1995

[The studies on the effect of proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocyte of healthy persons by preparations of M. vaccea].

This paper present that preparations of M. vaccea, which included suspensions of live bacilli, irradiation-killed bacilli and high temperature killed bacilli, for the effect on lymphocyte proliferative response of peripheral blood in healthy persons were compared by 3H-TdR incorporation method. CPM of control was 448 +/- 131, CPM adding suspensions of live M. vaccea, irradiation-killed bacilli and high temperature killed bacilli were 1037 +/- 194, 2299 +/- 140, 1819 +/- 528, 994 +/- 186, respectively. Stimulative index of all four preparations were more than 2.0, specially suspensions of live and irradiation killed M. vaccea is more effective than BCG and high temperature killed M. vaccea, which were 5.13, 4.06, respectively. In another experiment, suspensions of live, irradiation-killed and high temperature killed M. vaccea plus rIL-2 were found more effective than rIL-2 alone. CPM of them were 9544 +/- 1727, 8530 +/- 714, 8230 +/- 1035, and 3721 +/- 1336, respectively, but BCG was 6904 +/- 1218. The results show that preparations of M. vaccea tested have distinctly promotive effect for proliferative response of lymphocyte in vitro. The addition of rIL-2 to suspendions of live M. vaccea, irradiation killed and high temperature killed M. vaccea cooperatively increased the effects of proliferative response mentioned above.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1995

[Immunohistochemical study of 38 cases of primary ocular adnexa malignant lymphomas].

Thirty-eight cases of primary ocular adnexa malignant lymphomas were studied with immunohistochemical techniques. Positive results were noted in 14 cases of kappa light chain staining, 8 cases of lambda staining and 1 case of centroblastic lymphoma lambda staining. In 35 cases of L26 staining, positive results were observed, which showed that 92.1% of the lymphomas were of B cell origin whereas those of T cell origin were rare. The value of immunohistochemical methods in diagnosis and differential diagnosis as well as their significance for clinical treatment and prognosis were commented.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of processing on specific toxicity of radix Achyranthis bidentatae].

To activate Epstein-barr virus in Raji cells in vitro the lowest activation concentrations of ether extracts from Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae unprepared (I), stir-baked with wine (II) and stir-baked with salt (III) required were 0.8.20 and 0.16 micrograms/ml respectively. 5 microliters (equal to 250 mg herb weight)/ear of these extracts had inflammatory effect on mouse ear skin in 4 hours. Ethanol extract of I at concentration 0.04-125 mg/ml did not increase the chromosomal aberration rates in CHL cells. The decoctions of I, II, and III given orally at 15 g/kg x 3d showed no effect on micronucleus rates in mouse bone marrow. Ethanol extracts of I, II, and III at 10 g/kg x 10d did not show any evident antifertility action.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2 protein regulation in cutaneous melanoma.

Cutaneous melanoma is becoming increasingly common. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in its pathogenesis. We have previously shown that normal human melanocytes strongly express the oncoprotein, Bcl-2. To determine the role of Bcl-2 in melanocytic tumors, we studied human benign nevi and melanomas for expression of Bcl-2 protein using immunohistochemistry. Our results show that benign melanocytes from 3 of 4 normal skin biopsies and 5 of 7 common acquired nevi strongly express Bcl-2. Conversely, only 3 of 23 primary cutaneous melanomas and 3 of 9 metastatic melanomas showed strong staining in comparison with melanocytes from normal skin and common acquired nevi (chi 2, P = 0.0021). Interestingly, 0 of 6 dysplastic nevi, a precursor of melanoma, demonstrated strong staining as compared with melanocytes and nevi (8 of 11; chi 2, P = 0.02), but similar expression to that of melanoma (6 of 32; chi 2, P = 0.6). We conclude that Bcl-2 expression decreases in malignant melanoma and suggest that this may be related to the autonomous growth characteristics of malignant melanoma.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Experimental study of fat embolism syndrome.

To find the diagnostic methods for subclinical stage fat embolism syndrome (FES), we established an experimental animal model, using fat intravenous injection. The fat was obtained from the long bone marrow cavity of homologous dogs. Fourteen healthy mongrel dogs received 0.7 ml/kg fluid marrow fat injection and all of them developed FES within 48 hours. The blood samples collected from the pulmonary vessels by floating catheter and peripheral vein at different time intervals were subjected to blood gas analysis and were frozen sectioned rapidly. The sections were stained with oil red 'O'. Positive result was seen 2 hours after fat injection in both pulmonary and peripheral blood. Computer image analysis showed that the number and diameter of fat droplets in pulmonary vascular blood were obviously higher and larger than those in peripheral vein blood. These findings were correlated well with blood gas changes and clinical features. The demonstration of fat droplets from pulmonary or peripheral blood by oil red 'O' staining combined with blood gas changes (PaO2 < 7.99 kPa, P(A-a)O2 > 6.09 kPa) may be rapid and specific for early diagnosis of FES. In the treatment of FES, dexamethason can stabilize the cellular membranes and inhibit the neutrophil response to fatty acid and the release of phospholipase A2, arachidonic acid and platelet aggregation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Distribution of androgen receptor in primary liver cancer and its clinical significance].

A method of receptor binding assay (RBA) was adopted to measure the distribution of androgen receptor (AR) in liver cancer and tissue in its vicinity in 63 patients with primary liver cancer undergone laparotomy and in non-tumor liver tissue in 7 cases with gastric carcinoma. The results showed (1) AR was demonstrated in the liver cancer tissue and surrounding non-tumorous tissue, and the non-tumor liver tissue. The content of AR in the nucleus was significantly higher than that in the cytoplasm. (2) There was no difference in the amount of AR between the tumor tissue and tissue surrounding it. The expression of AR in the liver cancer tissue or the surrounding tissue was more marked than that in the non-tumor tissue. (3) Expression of AR in the tumor tissue seemed to correlate with more frequent tumor recurrence one year after radical resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Results of hepatic resection for 600 cases with primary liver cancer].

Hepatic resection had been performed in 600 cases with primary liver cancer (PLC) in our hospital from 1964 to 1993. Among them, 24 cases underwent second hepatic resection because of tumor reccurrence. The ratio of male to female was 8.0:1. Most of the patients were 40 to 59 years old. and the age ranged from 8 to 78 years old. The positive rate of AFP was 57.4% (> 400 micrograms/L). of them, 84.4% were associated with hepatic cirrhosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma was verified in 91.6% of these cases. Small tumor (< 5cm in diameter) was found in 130 cases (21.7%). In this series, 10 cases underwent semi-hepatectomy and 590 cases underwent irregular hepatectomy. Spontaneous rupture of tumor was found in 29 cases. In 13 of 600 cases, hepatectomy was done after transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization. Six of 600 cases underwent second stage hepatectomy because the tumots could not be resected during laparotomy. After multimodality therapy, including tumor ethanol injection treatment, microwave tumor coagulation and hepatic artery chemoembolization, the tumors became small and subsequently resected. In these 600 cases, 24 cases died within one month after hepatectomy with a mortality of 4.0%. The most common cause of death was hepatic failure. The 1-,3-,5-, 10-year survival rates were 61.9%, 40.2%, 33.0%, 29.2%, respectively in the whole series and 87.8%, 69.4%, 54.0%, 43.0% respectively in patients with small tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Pilots involved in multiple crashes: "accident proneness" revisited.

Analysis of crashes of air taxi and commuter flights explored the controversial issue of "accident proneness." There were 20 pilots who had 2 or more crashes during 1983-88. These pilots (repeaters) and their 42 crashes were compared with 534 pilots who were each involved in a single air taxi or commuter crash during the same period (nonrepeaters). Unexpectedly, repeaters were more experienced pilots with a mean total flight time of 7016 h vs. 5321 for nonrepeaters. Repeaters did not differ from nonrepeaters in the overall proportion of crashes in which pilot performance appeared to be a major factor. Repeaters differed significantly from nonrepeaters as to flight hours during the past 90 d (mean 215 vs. 183 h) and the proportion of their crashes that occurred in Alaska (48% vs. 24%). Alaska repeaters differed from non-Alaska repeaters with regard to the proportion of crashes on takeoff (40% vs 14%) and airport conditions as a factor (50% vs. 18%). The high proportion of repeaters involved in crashes in Alaska, where environmental conditions make flying more hazardous, and the substantially greater recent flight time suggest that the intensity and amount of occupational exposure are major determinants of pilot involvement in more than one crash.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1995

Multiple organ dysfunction after heart valve replacement.

Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) after valve replacement was studied in a period of 1980-1991. The incidences of MOD involving 2, 3 and 4 organs were 17.1%, 5.6% and 4.3% with corresponding mortalities of 12%, 18.5% and 76.2%. We focused on dysfunction of more than 3 organs, the dreadful complication, which can be divided clinically into three types: acute (type I), deteriorating (type II), and pulmonary infection (type III). In MOD, the function of heart and lung is primarily depressed after surgery. So the predisposing factors of MOD are acute pump failure and hypoxemia, and the possible triggering factor is infection, especially pulmonary infection, which re-endangers the organs recovering from the primary blows. Thus prevention of pulmonary infection is of same importance as treatment of pump failure and hypoxemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Factors related to pilot survival in helicopter commuter and air taxi crashes.

We examined factors related to pilot survival in 167 consecutive helicopter commuter and air taxi crashes that occurred during 1983-88. Case fatality rates and adjusted odds ratios from multivariate logistic regression models were determined using data from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). During this 6-year period, 29 pilots-in-command died in 167 helicopter commuter and air taxi crashes, a case fatality rate of 17.4%. Factors significantly associated with increased risk of pilot fatality were aircraft fire [odds ratio (OR) 20.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6-86.8], not using shoulder harnesses (OR 9.2, 95% CI 2.2-37.3), and aircraft with two engines (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.3-17.4). In addition, we present data regarding success and failure of emergency flotation devices. The results suggest that the likelihood of pilot survival in helicopter crashes could be greatly improved by preventing crash associated fires and promoting the usage of shoulder restraints.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1995

[Congenital kinking of the aorta: report of 5 cases].

5 patients with congenital kinking of the aorta, one male and 4 females with a mean age of 29 years (age range, 10-37 years), underwent surgical-treatment. There was a systolic murmur at the left sternal border and the interscapular area and hypertension only in the right arm. A chest rentgenogram showed a widened left superior mediastinum. Angiograms showed elongation, kinking and aneurysm formation of the aortic arch and descending aorta and the aneurysm ruptured in one. Three patients were associated with coarctation of the aortic arch, one with coarctation of the upper descending aorta and another with interruption of the aortic arch. All the patients had an excellent results. The clinical features, morphology, surgical techniques and postoperative care were discussed.

Adolescent↗