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Biomedical subjects

G Larsson

Publications and source records attributed to G Larsson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Regional variations in cardiovascular mortality in Sweden--structural vulnerability in the local community.

The aim of this investigation was to study the connection between various phenomena in the local community and the number of deaths from ischemic heart disease (IHD) for both men and women in the 45-64 age group in the period 1979-1983. The result reveals considerable regional variation. Those areas with an above average male IHD mortality also tended to differ from the norm as regards labour market, and socioeconomic conditions. There was a tendency for unemployment to be higher, the level of employment to be lower, and the number of households with no or only one person gainfully employed larger; there also tended to be more people who had taken or been forced into early retirement, average incomes tended to be lower and there was an above average proportion of blue-collar workers and a below average proportion of white-collar workers. Furthermore, there proved to be a larger proportion of older men. The factors which did not seem to be related to the number of IHD deaths were the divorce rate in the community and the degree of population density. As regards women, there was a less marked connection between the various regional phenomena and the number of IHD deaths. The mortality rate proved to be related to only two factors: the level of unemployment in the community and the proportion of high-income earners. There was a tendency, albeit weak, that areas with an above average mortality also had an above average rate of unemployment and a lower than average proportion of high-income earners.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1988

Aetiological and precipiating factors in wife battering. A psychosocial study of battered wives.

Forty-nine women who attended a surgical emergency department after being battered are the subjects of this prospective study. The childhood and adolescence of the women had been marked by abuse and violence in the parental home. Most of the women had suffered prolonged, repeated battering. Fifty-one per cent of the women and 88% of their male assailants were considered to be heavy consumers of alcohol and in over half of the cases of battering both the man and the women had been drinking. In most cases the women's own children were present when the mother was beaten. One third of the women stated that they were highly dependent on the man in question emotionally. It is concluded that social heredity, heavy consumption of alcohol and emotional dependence on the male assailant are major reasons for the woman's inability to break away from a relationship characterized by repeated battering.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Violence in the family: morbidity and medical consumption.

Morbidity in homes, where family violence occurred, was investigated. Approximately 90% of the women and 60% of the men had been treated in hospital during a five-year period. Treatment in surgical department was most common. More women than men had symptoms indicating psychosomatic or indefinite aetiologies. One fifth of the women reported injuries due to physical violence. The medically certified illness for both men and women was about three times higher than in the general population. The children had twice as many admissions to hospital than controls. The diagnoses of the children were more frequently socially related. An early diagnosis of the family conditions and preventive measures are needed to safeguard against repeated battery and counteract social handicap.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Comparison between lysine vasopressin and a long-acting analogue (N alpha-triglycyl-lysine vasopressin) used as local hemostatic agents for conization.

Lysine vasopressin and a long-acting analogue N alpha-triglycyl-lysine vasopressin were compared in a prospective randomized double-blind study including 71 women undergoing cold knife conization of the uterine cervix. Hemodynamic and hemostatic variables were studied. N alpha-triglycyl-lysine vasopressin had the following advantages over lysine vasopressin: it gave significantly less skin pallor, becoming evident at a later stage during the operation. The diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower, as also was the incidence of postoperative hemorrhages. Factor VIII related antigen was lower. On the other hand reduction in heart rate (values before conization compared with values during conization) was more pronounced when N alpha-triglycyl-lysine vasopressin was used, but there was no difference in absolute values between the two groups during conization.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1988

Micturition patterns in a healthy female population, studied with a frequency/volume chart.

A 48-hour frequency/volume chart was completed by 151 women without micturition complaints. The distribution of the parameters of the chart are presented. The chart was found to be a valuable and reliable instrument for assessment of micturition patterns. The mean voided volume, which takes into account both frequency of micturition and total voided volume, showed the best reproducibility of the parameters and is suggested as the parameter of primary importance. Attention should be paid to the circumstances under which the chart is applied, as normal micturition behaviour seems to be highly dependent on social factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase in normal, dysplastic and cancerous squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix.

The distribution of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase (u-PA) was investigated immunohistochemically in squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix, in normal and dysplastic conditions as well as in preinvasive and invasive carcinomas. Normal epithelium showed presence of both t-PA and u-PA immunoreactivity only in the superficial cellular layer, whereas in preinvasive lesions they were present in all layers. In sections of normal specimens as well as preinvasive lesions the UK immunoreactivity was weaker compared to that of t-PA. Invasive lesions showed a patchy distribution of t-PA and u-PA immunoreactivity. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that stromal cells close to the infiltrating malignant squamous epithelium contained t-PA immunoreactivity and also u-PA immunoreactivity. Further immunohistochemical studies disclosed that these cells were macrophages.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1987

Coping with unemployment--a contribution to the understanding of women's unemployment.

The aim of this paper was to contribute to the understanding of women's unemployment with emphasis on individual reactions in terms of their significance and context. The study was carried out within the methodological tradition of grounded theory. Thirty-six unemployed women were interviewed. The reactions to unemployment were seen in relation to two, systematically generated core variables: 'the relation to wage labour' and 'the relation to alternative activities'. Four different groups of unemployed were identified in light of their relations to these two core variables. They were called 'the give-uppers', 'the clenchers', 'the refocusers' and 'the ambivalents'. Serious effects of unemployment were found among the give-uppers and the clenchers. The refocusers on the other hand, enjoyed their lives and had replaced the loss of work with other meaningful activities.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Maternal opinion of psychosocial support: evaluation of an antenatal programme.

The aim of the study was to investigate the significance of psychosocial screening and psychosocial support in antenatal care. Different methods were used. Three hundred and sixty-four pregnant women participated. There was no increase in obstetrical complications, premature births or growth retardation among the infants born to mothers with a high life stress score. A correlation between smoking and reduced birth weight was noted. Most women claimed that they had reduced their alcohol intake already before their first visit to the antenatal clinic. Those women who attended the most extensive psychosocial care had the most favourable attitudes towards the antenatal care. There was a positive correlation between intensive psychosocial support and sickness allowance. The question is raised whether all pregnant women should have the right to be out of work during the last 2 months of pregnancy without reduction of parent's allowance benefit.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1987

Psychiatric morbidity and personality characteristics of battered women.

Forty-nine battered women attending a surgical emergency department were studied with regard to prior and current psychiatric morbidity, substance abuse and personality characteristics, and were compared with a control group. More battered women than controls had consulted a psychiatrist and half of them were classified as heavy consumers of alcohol. One third of the assaulted women were found to be depressed, compared to 6% of the controls. The groups also differed in respect of muscular tension, aches and pain, and autonomic disturbances, the battered women having more pronounced symptoms. It is important for psychiatrists to recognize the symptoms that battered women often exhibit. With better early diagnosis, these women could be offered more appropriate psychosocial therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A simple patient-administered test for objective quantitation of the symptom of urinary incontinence.

A pad-weighing test for the quantitation of urinary loss, performed by the patient during 48 hours of daily activities, was evaluated. All patients (n = 46, age 21-73 years) were able to perform the test. The precision of their weighing was good and the reproducibility of the results equal or better than that of previously published tests. There was no correlation between the results of the 48-hour test and a standardized one-hour test, indicating that these two tests measure different aspects of incontinence. Of the two tests the 48-hour test likely gives a more valid measure of the symptom of urinary incontinence. Other advantages over the standardized short term tests are that no hospital staff is involved in the testing and that the test is independent of the physical capacity of the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Battered women: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.

A prospective study of women attending a surgical emergency department in an 8-month period showed that 117 (9%) had been battered. Offered in-patient treatment was accepted and completed by 58 women (the index group), while 59 declined or did not complete treatment (the drop-out group). Both groups were compared with age-matched controls. In the battered group there were more foreign-born women and more divorces than in the control group. The drop-out group differed from the index group either in being less severely injured and seeking only certification of injury for legal purposes, or in having more previous psychiatric morbidity. The consumption of somatic and psychiatric care during the preceding 10 years was significantly greater in the battered group than in the controls, probably due to the maltreatment and reluctance to report it spontaneously. Breaking of a battering pattern at an early stage requires awareness by surgeons, general practitioners and psychiatrists that recurrent injuries of unclear origin may be due to such violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Fetal alcohol syndrome and preventive strategies.

The teratogenic effects of alcohol are well documented. The fetal alcohol syndrome includes growth retardation, central nervous system dysfunction and dysmorphology. The severity of damage seems to be correlated to the stage of maternal alcoholism. Discontinuing heavy drinking during pregnancy benefits growth, but cannot fully inhibit the negative effects on the central nervous system and morphology. Antenatal programs have been developed to identify pregnancies at risk. Adequate health information seems to be sufficient for socially drinking women, while alcoholic women need extensive support to abstain from alcohol.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Prognosis of children admitted to institutional care during infancy.

The present study has investigated the prognosis of infants admitted to institutional care. The follow-up was made after five and ten years. Three groups of children were studied: those who were in adoptive homes, foster homes and biological homes, respectively, at the time of the investigation. Approximately 50% of the total population was treated in hospital after the neonatal period. More children in foster and biological homes were hospitalized because of trauma. At 4 years of age the psychomotor development was considered normal in 77% of the adopted children compared to approximately 55% in the other two groups. Furthermore, the children in foster and biological homes demonstrated a higher rate of psychological or behavioral disturbances. The children who were in foster homes had experienced more separations and 39% of them had been subjected to 6 or more placements. The experiences of institutional care per se in infancy do not predispose the child to health and behavioral problems. The determining factor for optimal development seems to be permanency of care and parenting capability.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Early identification of infants at risk for institutional care.

The neonatal health and family situation of infants admitted for institutional care were evaluated retrospectively. Based on the criteria for admission they were classified into four groups: handicapped infants; infants of mothers with psychiatric illness or mental retardation; infants of alcoholic or drug-addicted mothers; and infants of mothers with various social dysfunctions. Mentally disturbed and addicted mothers were to a large extent multiparae. One-fourth of them already had children in foster care. The mentally disturbed mothers had a raised frequency of pregnancy and delivery complications. Compared to the general population, the gestational age and birth weight were significantly lower in all groups, and the number of preterm babies was twice as high. The majority of infants at risk for parental failure due to mental disturbance or addiction can be identified in the maternity ward. Deficient maternal behaviour in the maternity ward and the occurrence of previous children in foster care are important risk factors in predicting maternal incapability for parenting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Results of a five-year prospective study using a feto-pelvic scoring system for term singleton breech delivery after uncomplicated pregnancy.

Two hundred and twenty-six term singleton breech deliveries were managed prospectively during a 5-year period according to Westin's feto-pelvic scoring system based on X-ray pelvimetry, estimated fetal weight, type of breech, and outcome of previous vaginal deliveries. The vaginal delivery rate was 45.1% and cesarean section rate 54.9%. 81.5% of cesarean sections could be planned in advance, based on the scoring system. Corrected neonatal mortality was nil and persistent morbidity was 0.4% for the whole material. Asphyxia, defined as 5 min Apgar score less than 7, occurred in only 1% of cases, evenly distributed among vaginal and planned cesarean deliveries. It was possible by means of the scoring system to identify a group of women who could give birth vaginally, without any mortality or persistent morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Plasminogen activator and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products at conization of the uterine cervix.

In women undergoing conization of the uterine cervix, peripheral blood samples and blood samples from the cone cavity were obtained and analysed for their concentration of plasminogen activator of tissue type (t-PA) and of urokinase type (u-PA) and the concentration of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP). A significant increase was found for t-PA (p less than 0.002) and u-PA (p less than 0.0002) as well as for FDP (p less than 0.002) in blood from the cone cavity compared with peripheral blood. The finding of increased liberation of plasminogen activators strengthens the rationale for administration of synthetic inhibitors of fibrinolysis to reduce the frequency of bleeding complications at conization.

Antifibrinolytic Agents↗