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Biomedical subjects

G Ladurner

Publications and source records attributed to G Ladurner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Polyneuropathy associated with chronic hypoxaemia: prevalence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The prevalence of clinical and electrophysiological signs of peripheral nerve disease was evaluated in 151 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients with concomitant disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system were excluded. Thirty patients had clinical signs of a mild sensorimotor and distal neuropathy and 13 additional patients had only electrophysiological abnormalities. The rate and the severity of the neuropathy correlated with the severity of chronic hypoxaemia. Three out of 20 patients with mild hypoxaemia (PaO2 less than 15 mm Hg below normal) had polyneuropathy as compared with 15 out of 36 with severe hypoxaemia (PaO2 more than 30 mm Hg below normal (rates different at the 10% level)). PaO2 and age were the only variables discriminating between patients with and without peripheral neuropathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Acute carotid artery occlusion--operative or conservative management.

64 ischemic stroke patients with angiographically verified occlusion of the internal carotid artery were studied. 32 patients underwent surgical revascularization in the acute stage within a few hours of acute onset of stroke. 32 patients had conservative management of treatment. Both groups were compared in regard to mortality rate, functional recovery and clinical findings or neurological deficits and psychiatric disturbances on admission and 4 weeks later. Correlations of functional recovery between the two groups showed no significant differences. Mortality rate in the conservatively managed group however was significantly lower than in the operative group.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[P300 and dementia: diagnostic relevance. I].

Visual evoked potentials, including the P300 response, and reaction time were recorded from 20 patients with multi-infarct dementia, 20 nondemented patients with brain-infarct diseases, and 20 age-matched control subjects. Additionally the patients were assessed using the WAIS-index. Prolonged P300 latency and reaction time occurred in both of the patient-groups, correlated significantly with the WAIS-index. However, effects regarding to P300 latency and reaction time were not strong enough to allow individual classifications.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Expectations of stroke patients and their relatives of rehabilitation].

The expectations towards rehabilitation held by 45 stroke patients and their relatives were investigated. It was found that the expectations held by the relatives are more realistic and not quite as optimistic as those held by the patients. The patients above all hoped for physical-vocational restoration, the relatives on the other hand more for emotional-social recovery. Also dealt with are the expectations and notions of patients and relatives in respect of duration, location and material rank of rehabilitation. Pointed out are the difficulties to be reckoned with on account of the divergent expectancies of patients and relatives toward rehabilitation.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Contingent negative variation (CNV) differences between cerebrovascular patients with and without dementia.

This study investigated the clinical usefulness of the contingent negative variation (CNV) as a neurophysiological index of cognitive dysfunction associated with cerebrovascular disease. A total of 31 patients ranging in age from 45 to 88 years with the diagnosis of a stroke were included. Nineteen patients were classified as demented according to clinical assessment and the Mental Deterioration Index (MDI) based on the WAIS, the other 12 patients as non-demented. In a discriminative CNV-paradigm two different tones served as warning stimuli for a flash of light presented 1.5 s later that could be turned off by a press on a button only after the relevant tone. According to our hypothesis, CNV amplitudes of demented patients were significantly smaller than those of the non-demented group. Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between severity of dementia (MDI) and degree of amplitude reduction. Thus, it was concluded that the CNV method could make an important clinical contribution to the assessment and course of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of the carotid bifurcation by duplex ultrasound, intravenous and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography.

In 167 patients with cerebrovascular disorders 323 carotid bifurcations were investigated by Duplex ultrasound. In 100 of these patients, additionally intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed and in 35 patients, also intra-arterial DSA was carried out. In 32 patients all three procedures were performed. Comparing the results of Duplex scan and intravenous DSA with intra-arterial DSA it can be concluded that Duplex scan and intravenous DSA are comparable as screening methods for the evaluation of haemodynamically relevant stenoses and occlusions in extracranial artery disease. However, for the evaluation of stenotic vessels of less than 50% lumen reduction the Duplex scan showed a higher agreement rate with a contingency coefficient of 0.957 in comparison to intravenous DSA with a contingency coefficient of 0.903.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Correlations between clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in multiple sclerosis.

40 patients with multiple sclerosis were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer tomography (CT). Additionally, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and evoked potentials (EPs; visual, brainstem) were evaluated. MRI findings were abnormal in 85% of the patients, whilst CT scan showed pathological changes in only 23%. The sensitivity for detecting lesions was significantly higher for MRI than CT. 86% of 23 patients with a duration of disease of more than 1 year had pathological MRI findings, and MRI was abnormal in 82% of 17 patients with a duration of symptoms up to 1 year. All patients with abnormal MRI had at least one other pathological laboratory finding. CT revealed only large lesions, and in patients with abnormal CT MRI visualized lesions more extensively. Additionally, brainstem lesions could be verified in 6 patients and spinal cord lesions in 3 cases. CSF was abnormal in 86%, and positive MRI findings occurred in 26 of 31 patients with abnormal CSF. Abnormalities of EPs were found in 76%, and MRI was positive in 24 of 33 patients with abnormal EPs.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical prognostic criteria in the rehabilitation of cerebral infarct patients].

79 patients with ischaemic stroke were investigated, with 31 patients showing a pure hemiparesis, 22 an additional depressive syndrome and 26 a dementia. After an average time intervall of 28 months, a follow-up investigation was performed on these 3 groups relative to their course and rehabilitation outcome. No significant differences were present between the 3 groups as regards age and sex distribution as well as hemisyndrome severity. The neurological and psychiatric findings at follow-up differed significantly from the primary findings. Also, significant differences were found in the degree of disability, and in the self- and family ratings of rehabilitation outcome, with a poorer long-term course, i.e. a higher degree of disability, significantly more frequent in the dementia group. Comparison of self- and family-ratings showed that self-ratings given were significantly worse in the dementia and depressive groups, whereas patients with purely neurological symptoms rated themselves better than their relatives did.

Cerebral Infarction↗
PubMed1987

[Prevalence of stroke in the Salzburg district].

To estimate the frequency of stroke patients in the county of Salzburg (Austria), which has a population of 434,000 inhabitants, 211 doctors (in general practice), and staff of 58 homes for the elderly and 9 hospitals were interviewed. Altogether 1,871 stroke patients were found, which represents a prevalence of 4.3 patients per 1,000 inhabitants; 1.5% had to be considered as patients requiring constant care. 78% of the patients were living at home; 13% were in homes for the elderly and only 9% were found in the hospitals. 35% of the hospital patients were in general medical units, 26% on neurological and 22% on geriatric wards. 13% of the patients were in a rehabilitation centre and 3.5% in the local neurosurgical unit.

Austria↗
PubMed1986

[Neurologic sequelae of alcohol].

The consequences of alcoholism on the peripheral and central nervous system are discussed. Polyneuropathy is present in 30% of the alcoholics, whilst cranial nerve involvement is found in 5-25%. Alcoholic myopathy is only very rarely seen. Wernicke's encephalopathy is found at post mortem investigation in 1.8% of alcoholics, but is rarely clinically diagnosed. The Marchiafava-Bignamy syndrome and central pontine myelinolysis are rarely seen; alcoholic amblyopia which is seen in 0.5% of the hospitalised alcoholics is more frequent, but still a rare finding. Cerebral seizures are common in chronic alcoholics with an incidence varying from 5 to 37% according to the type of drinking habit and have, thus, to be categorised. Brain atrophy is a common finding and correlates with the duration and extent of the alcoholism.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1986

[Cerebrovascular diseases in childhood--etiology, clinical aspects and prognosis].

Over a period of nine years we observed 52 children with acute neurological symptoms which were caused by a cerebrovascular disease. Fourteen patients had congenital vascular malformations, most frequently AV-angiomas (9 patients). A Sturge-Weber-Syndrome and a venous angioma were found in two cases and one patient had an aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. Thirty-eight patients had acquired cerebrovascular diseases such as ischaemic infarctions (22), intracranial haemorrhages without vascular malformations (14) and thromboses of the dural sinus (2). The cerebral infraction was a complication of a congenital heart disease in 8 children, two others suffered from chronic renal insufficiency and were on haemodialysis. Two children had a trauma of the internal carotid artery and in one patient a large haemorrhagic infarct was caused by hypernatremic dehydration. In 9 patients (6 females, 3 males) no obvious aetiology of the infarct could be found. However, in most of these cases a nonspecific febrile illness preceded the neurological manifestations. The thrombosis of the dural sinus occurred in a 6-week old previously healthy infant and in a 3-year old boy as a complication of a nephrotic syndrome. Intracranial haemorrhages (without cerebrovascular malformations) occurred in 14 patients, mainly as a complication of haematological diseases (acute lymphatic leukaemia, severe aplastic anaemia, haemophilia A, lupus erythematodes). Four children had spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhages without obvious causes. The prognosis for survival was good in children with infarcts, but persisting neurological deficits were more severe than in children with haemorrhages. At the acute stage the lethality was higher in children with intracranial haemorrhages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[EEG changes in the withdrawal phase of tranquilizer or drug abuse].

In 31 patients with tranquilizer-and 13 patients with drug abuse the character and extent of changes in EEG during withdrawal period were studied and the influence of additional abuse of alcohol or barbiturates was investigated. The EEG showed pathological results in 22 patients (50%). Generalised spike activity was dominant, which was found more often in patients with tranquilizer abuse (35%) than in patients with drug abuse (15%). In patients with abuse of tranquilizers and additional alcoholism pathological EEGs were found more often (65%) than in the remaining patients (36%). Also in patients with additional abuse of barbiturates pathological EEGs (67%) were found more often. In patients with drug abuse with or without additional abuse of alcohol or barbiturates there was no difference between the number of normal and pathological EEGs. In patients with longer persistence of the tranquilizer abuse the number of pathological EEGs increased. Controls of the EEG revealed with increasing time interval an increasing number of normalised EEGs especially in patients without alcoholism of barbiturate abuse. Therefore the EEG revealed functional disturbances in the withdrawal period after abuse of tranquilizers or drugs which were more pronounced in patients with additional abuse or alcohol or barbiturates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical findings in multiple sclerosis].

The mean interval between first and last clinical interview in 170 patients with multiple sclerosis was 8.8 years. The main initial symptoms were sensory disturbances and paresis of the cranial nerves. An uncharacteristic symptomatology was found in 6%, psychiatric symptoms in 6%. In the last investigation psychiatric symptoms were found in 2%, uncharacteristic symptoms were seen in 4%. A normal neurological status was found in 9%. Apart from the clinical well defined typical MS patient, also benign forms of the diseases have been found.

Adolescent↗