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Biomedical subjects

G Kosaki

Publications and source records attributed to G Kosaki.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of a patient treated with cyclophosphamide and vincristine for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were investigated in lymphocytes from an adult patient treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) and vincristine (VCR) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The treatment consisted of iv injection of CTX (1 g) followed immediately by injection of VCR (2 mg). The patient was treated six times at weekly intervals, except for two irregular intervals of 35 and 48 days, respectively, as the second and the fourth intervals. Before the initiation of the therapy, the SCE frequency in the patient was 9.9 +/- 3.5 per cell, which is not significantly different from those of healthy controls and other cancer patients not given chemotherapy. After the first injection, the SCE frequency increased rapidly with time, reaching a peak of 33.4 +/- 4.6 per cell in 24 hr, and then gradually decreased, returning to a nearly normal level of 12.5 +/- 4.2 per cell on the 7th day. Similar cycles of rapid increase and slow decrease in the SCE frequency were observed after each of the subsequent five injections, resulting in a gradual rise in the basal and the maximal levels of the SCE values. Oral administration of CTX (150 mg/day) for about a month during the second interval slightly increased the SCE value from 16.1 +/- 3.1 to 22.4 +/- 6.2 but injections of vincristine alone at a dose of 2 mg twice during the fourth 45-day interval did not affect the gradually decreasing trend in the SCE frequency. In the 5th month after the termination of the therapy, the SCE value returned to the untreated level.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Piriform sinus fistula. A route of infection in acute suppurative thyroiditis.

Fifteen patients had acute suppurative thyroiditis resulting from infection through the left piriform sinus fistula. Characteristic clinical features included (1) onset in infancy or childhood, (2) left lobe involvement, and (3) frequent recurrence unless the fistula was extirpated completely. Fistulectomy in eight patients demonstrated three distinct courses of the fistula: lateral to, medial to, and penetrating the left thyroid lobe. Anatomical and histological findings suggest that the fistula is a remnant of the third pharyngeal pouch. We believe that the fistula is a common route of infection in acute suppurative thyroiditis, allowing bacterial infection to begin either in the perithyroidal space, spreading into the thyroid gland secondarily, or in the thyroid gland, primarily in cases where it penetrates the gland. Complete removal of the fistula is essential to a permanent cure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Survival from DIC following amniotic fluid embolism. Successful treatment with a serine proteinase inhibitor; FOY.

A 30-year-old multigravida of 38 weeks gestation bled profusely at delivery. Coagulation studies revealed disseminated intravascular coagulation and a diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism was made. Treatment consisted of transfusion of whole blood and administration of a synthetic serine proteinase inhibitor, FOY. Approximately two hours after administration of the latter, bleeding began to cease and vital signs became stable. The patient survived without sequelae.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

beta-Lactam resistance in Serratia marcescens: comparison of action of benzylpenicillin, Apalcillin, Cefazolin, and ceftizoxime.

The intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Serratia marcescens IFO 12648 were investigated, comparing the action of benzylpenicillin, apalcillin, cefazolin, and ceftizoxime. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for this strain were 1,600, 3.13, 6,400, and 0.05 microgram/ml, respectively. The addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid markedly reduced the minimal inhibitory concentrations of benzylpenicillin and cefazolin, whereas those of apalcillin and ceftizoxime were not influenced. S. marcescens IFO 12648 produced only a low level of beta-lactamase activity constitutively, and the production was considerably increased by the addition of benzylpenicillin. Cefazolin was hydrolyzed rapidly by beta-lactamase activity, whereas benzylpenicillin, apalcillin, and ceftizoxime were poorly hydrolyzed. Peptidoglycan synthesis in ether-treated strain IFO 12646 cells was inhibited by a concentration of ceftizoxime markedly lower than that of cefazolin and by a concentration of apalcillin moderately lower than that of benzylpenicillin.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1980

Surgical adjuvant chemotherapy with mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide in Japanese patients with breast cancer.

A controlled trial of surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer was carried out using 551 Japanese patients. Single or combined treatment with mitomycin C (0.2 mg/kg i.v. three times within five days postoperatively) and cyclophosphamide (100 mg postoperatively daily for four months or longer) was used after radical surgery. In patients of the chemotherapy group with one to three lymph nodes involved in the axilla, the five-year cancer-free survival rate was 84.8% compared with 57.3% in the control group (P < 0.05), and the five-year cumulative recurrence in distant sites was 5.1% compared with 31.1% in the control (P < 0.05). The effectiveness of chemotherapy was much less marked in patients without nodal metastasis and with four or more nodes involved. Histologically, scirrhous cancer was the type that responded most favorably to chemotherapy, even in patients without axillary involvement. Premenopausal patients benefited more than postmenopausal patients from chemotherapy. A combination of mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide was more effective than their use singly. The present chemotherapy regimen was effective primarily in moderately advanced stages of breast cancer with decreased incidence of distant metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1980

Radioimmunoassay for human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor: measurement of serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in normal subjects and subjects with pancreatic diseases.

A reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) has been developed. The method is highly sensitive (0.4 ng/ml), reproducible and specific. A good parallel relationship was observed between the standard curve and dilution curves for serum and urine. The PSTI bound to trypsin-alpha 2-macroglobulin complexes was found not to be immunoreactive, whereas a part of the psti-trypsin complex was immuno-reactive. In healthy individuals, serum PSTI level ranged from 5.4 ng/ml to 16.0 ng/ml, the average being 11.3 ng/ml (S.D. +/- 2.7). Elevated values were observed in patients with acute pancreatitis (highest value 3200 ng/ml), and in some patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

A novel method of isolation and some characteristic properties of human pancreatic elastases.

One component of elastases of human pancreatic juice and pancreatic extract was obtained in a highly purified state by chromatography on a column of sawdust. The elastase obtained after repeated adsorption chromatography with NaCl-containing buffers was almost homogeneous by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This elastase showed relatively high elastolytic activity, but relatively low hydrolytic activity towards succinyl trialanine p-nitroanilide, as compared with another component of pancreatic juice elastase (which was not absorbed onto sawdust). Both elastases isolated were alkaline earth metal-dependent enzymes.

Cations, Divalent↗
PubMed1980

Hemobilia after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.

Hemobilia after the inception of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) has been reported as an uncommon, but sometimes fatal, complication. We examined the incidence, pathogenesis, and management of hemobilia in 94 patients who received PTBD. There were seven cases (7.4%) with transient and six (6.4%) with severe hemobilia; one patient (1.1%) of the latter group died. There was no correlation between hemobilia and hemostatic or hepatic insufficiency. Angiography during PTBD was performed in 47 patients, and abnormalities restricted to arterial changes were noted in nine (19.1%). All but one patient with hemobilia showed angiographic abnormalities. Our findings indicate that hemobilia occurs more often than has been suspected and that it is usually due to intrahepatic vessel injury rather than to hemorrhagic diathesis or hepatic insufficiency. The primary management of hemobilia consists of maintaining continuous patency of the drainage catheter.

Adult↗