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Biomedical subjects

G Kommerell

Publications and source records attributed to G Kommerell.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Limited value of ophthalmological examinations for detection of recurrent pituitary adenoma (author's transl)].

In three patients, recurrence of a large pituitary adenoma was not detectable by ophthalmological means, because the tumor recurred in an area where the optic nerve fibers had already been destroyed by the primary tumor. These cases demonstrate that unchanged visual fields do not exclude tumor regrowth, and that computer tomography is indispensable in the follow-up surgically treated pituitary adenomas.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1981

Glaucomatouslike visual field defects in chronic papilledema.

In 19 patients, 31 eyes with chronic papilledema were found to have visual field defects other than enlarged blind spots. In this series, the inferior nasal quadrant was most frequently involved. Dense paracentral scotomata were found in the Bjerrum area, some of which later progressed to form ring scotomata. Visual acuity usually deteriorated late in the course of the disease. The similarities of visual field defects in papilledema and glaucoma suggest common pathogenetic mechanisms of nerve fiber atrophy in both diseases.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The lack of inhibitory involvement in medial rectus muscle activity.

Inability to adduct the left eye beyond the midline was found in a patient after brain stem infarction. Pursuit movements, refixation saccades, and the vestibulo-ocular reflex were restricted to the temporal hemifield. Only near convergence led to an adduction of 15 degrees in the left eye. Nasally directed saccades were slow, and temporally directed saccades showed glissadic back-drift. Electromyography revealed a lack of burst activity in the left medial rectus; however, inhibition of the left (homolateral) and the right (contralateral) medial rectus muscles during off-saccades and in off-positions of gaze was normal. These observations suggest that inhibition for medial rectus motor neurons is not mediated by the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The findings are compatible with the neurophysiological data, which show that reductions of activity in the medial rectus motoneurons are largely caused by disfacilitation via internuclear neurons rather than by inhibition.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1980

Superior oblique myokymia. An electromyographical analysis.

In a patient with superior oblique myokymia, the causative pathological motor unit was found by electromyography in the superior oblique eye muscle. Firing of this unit was somewhat irregular, but often assumed a nearly constant frequency around 35/s, so that the mechanical effect was mainly a tonic deviation rather than a tremor. Single discharges, analysed by computer averaging, showed a peculiar shape, prolonged duration, and high voltage, supranuclear control of the pathological unit was defective, although not completely lacking.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Primary position vertical nystagmus: 'directional preponderance' of the pusuit system?

The essential disturbance in five patients with vertical nystagmus was an inability to generate smooth pursuit eye movements in the direction of the quick phase of their nystagmus. As the cause of this behavior, the authors suggest an asymmetric impairment of the visual input to the pursuit system. This defect causes a 'directional preponderance' of the pursuit system detectable as a continuous drift off target. The drift is interrupted by refoveating saccades, thus resulting in a vertical nystagmus.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Prenuclear paresis of homolateral inferior rectus and contralateral superior oblique eye muscles.

In a case of left inferior rectus paresis, it is demonstrated that the lesion must be prenuclear. On downward gaze, the left eye, although it reached the required target with a rapid saccade, drifted back towards the midline immediately afterwards. During the drift, several corrective saccades appeared. A dissociated "gaze paretic" nystagmus resulted. Synchronously, the right eye showed an incyclorotary nystagmus. We suspect a lesion of "tonic" fibers supplying the nuclear region of the left inferior rectus and the right superior oblique muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

'Rebound-saccade' in the prism cover test.

If the fixing eye of a squinting patient is covered, a saccade to take up fixation follows which corresponds to the eccentricity of the image on the retina of the squinting eye. However, in some strabismus patients one finds a saccade even though the image on the retina of the squinting eye has already been deflected onto the fovea centrailis with the aid of prisms. This saccade brings the eye into the primary postion and displaces the image of the fixation target to a peripheral retinal point, so that the image must be recentred onto the fovea by a second saccade. We propose to call this movement to and fro a 'rebound-saccade'. This phenomenon indicates that, in patients with alternating strabismus, extraretinal information determined by the angle of squint influences rapid alternation of fixation between the right and left eyes. The rebound-saccade cannot be explained by anomalous retinal correspondence.

Electrooculography↗