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Biomedical subjects

G Kockott

Publications and source records attributed to G Kockott.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Adverse effects of long-term psychopharmacologic therapy on sexual functions].

103 patients who were in a psychopathologically relatively stable condition and under long-term psycho-pharmacological treatment on an outpatient basis, were questioned on sexual functional disorders and changes in sexual behaviour, basing on a semistructured interview. This is of particular importance with regard to compliance problems in long-term therapy. 50% of the patients stated that there had been changes from the beginning of the psychiatric disorders, mostly as functional sexual disorders (42%). Multifactorial causes were presumed in most of the cases; the medication was thought to be solely responsible in only 15% of all the cases (expert rating). Schizophrenic patients under neuroleptic treatment were most frequently affected by functional disturbances. In some of the patients of the total random sample (36 patients) medication was changed under experimental conditions for a period of four weeks. Improvement of the sexual function was most frequently stated whenever a medication was given with a reduced dosage; however, the examined partial random sample is very small.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Frequency analytic EEG study on the topic of temporal function disorders in transsexuality].

A high rate of (temporal) EEG abnormalities within the group of transsexual patients has been previously described. These reports however were based on visual EEG analyses, which were not sufficiently statistically supported. It therefore seemed necessary to test this observations by utilizing quantitative frequency EEG analysis by using a larger group of transsexuals (n = 33). Fourier transformed data were recordings from T3-A1, T3-P3, T5-Cz, 01-Cz. The power of the delta-, theta-, alpha, and beta-bands were calculated as the percent of the total power (1,00-30,00 Hz). Different ratios of the absolute power values were computed. No significant differences of frequency-band related power, global power or power ratios between patients and normal subjects were found. There was also no separation on the basis of the genotypic sex of the subjects (Mann-Whitney-test). However 7 EEG's (21%) of the transsexual patients showed according to our interpretation temporo-parietal abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in psychological disorders as a cause of impotence].

Sexual dysfunction in the male is very rarely caused and maintained by any single factor. Usually a combination of organic and psychogenic factors is involved: the symptoms may give some indication as to what factors are dominant. Frequent psychic causes are partnership or personality problems and the so-called vicious circle of performance anxiety. Sexual counselling is often all the therapy needed, especially when sexual knowledge is inadequate or even faulty or when relatively trivial partnership problems are involved. The kind of psychotherapy offered depends on the main problem: partner therapy, therapy directed at the control of personality problems, or therapy based on the Masters and Johnson method may be indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals: a comparison.

Male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals differed with respect to social, partnership, and sexual behavior, independently of whether they had had surgery. Female-to-male transsexuals more often had close ties to their parents and siblings, established stable partnerships more frequently solely with the same biological sex, and were more satisfied sexually. When they first consulted a physician about sex change, they were already more integrated socially. By the time the follow-up assessment took place, male-to-female transsexuals were as integrated socially as their female-to-male counterparts. The differences in partnership behavior between male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals were not altered as a result of surgery, despite the better surgical match with which surgery provides male-to-female transsexuals in comparison with their female-to-male counterparts. The reasons for the relational differences remain unclear and raise issues in the areas of developmental psychology and genetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Transsexuals who have not undergone surgery: a follow-up study.

Transsexuals who had not undergone surgery, although it had been offered to them providing they fulfilled the usual requirements, were classified into various subgroups, measured according to their attitude towards sex reassignment surgery: they were transsexuals with an unaltered wish for surgery, transsexuals who were ambivalent towards surgery (hesitating patients), and transsexuals who had relinquished their wish for surgery and lived in the initial gender role. Whereas transsexuals with an unaltered wish for surgery did not differ substantially from transsexuals who had had surgery, the hesitating patients were noticeably older, more often married, more often had children of their own, their partnerships were of long duration, and exclusively with partners of the opposite biological sex. These characteristics were seen when the diagnosis was first made. They can therefore be considered prognostic criteria for this subgroup. Transsexuals who relinquished their wish for surgery did not differ substantially from transsexuals with an unaltered wish for surgery. The reasons for relinquishing the wish for surgery were individual or could not be clearly established. At the time of follow-up, all transsexuals who had not undergone surgery indicated that they were experiencing the same degree of difficulty with respect to social adjustment as at the time of diagnosis. Slight improvements were seen in patients with an unaltered wish for surgery. Significant changes were seen only in transsexuals who had surgery. Transsexuals who have not had surgery and have no present wish for it are in the minority. Hesitating patients have a particular need for psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Impotence].

The term impotence can be defined as "disturbances in sexual behavior and sexual feeling in males as evidenced by impaired or atypical genitophysiological reactions or the complete absence of such reactions." There are two main forms: erectile impotence and premature ejaculation. Differential diagnosis between "organic" and "psychogenic" impotence is very often impossible due to the fact that the causal factors of both areas can play a role in individual cases. Psychotherapy is not always necessary. Sexual counseling can be appropriate when sexual problems are the result of inadequate sex education, sexual inhibitions or minor conflicts with the partner. Depending upon the main causes for the sexual inadequacy, the specific psychotherapy is directed towards the problems in the partnership, towards the personality difficulties, or towards the sexual behavior itself. For the treatment of the latter, the behaviorally oriented therapyprogram of Masters and Johnson has been shown to be very successful.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed1979

[A six-year follow-up study of 100 patients who attempted suicide (author's transl)].

This follow-up study assesses further suicidal risk and discusses the characteristics of patients who have repeatedly attempted suicide. Depth of coma alone due to overdose of medication does not seem to be a sufficient criterion for the assessment of further suicidal risk. Better predictors seem to be: age, family status, degree of loneliness and social disintegration, presence of existential anxiety, and lack of self-assertiveness. Patients who made repeated suicide attempts had a higher neuroticism score, were more often alcohol- and drug-dependent, and came more often from a broken home. Finally, the characteristics of various patient groups are delineated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Pituitary gonadal system function in patients with erectile impotence and premature ejaculation.

The pituitary testicular system was studied in men with psychogenic impotence. Eight patients with primary erectile impotence age 22--36 years, eight men with secondary erectile impotence age 29--55 years, and 16 men with premature ejaculation age 23--43 years were studied. The last group was further divided into two subgroups: E1 (n = 7) patients without and E2 (n = 9) patients with anxiety and avoidance behavior toward coital activity. Sixteen normal adult men age 21--44 served as a control group. Diagnosis was made after psychiatric and physical examinations. Patients complaining primarily of loss of libido were not considered in the study. Ten consecutive blood samples were obtained over a period of 3 hr from each patient. Luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone, and free (not protein-bound) testosterone were measured. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between patients and normal controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Transsexualism: indication and surgical treatment].

After the diagnosis of transsexuality is well definated and recognized in most western countries, the surgical transformation of the genital area is performed. Before surgical treatment an exact psychiatric clarification is absolutely essential. The operation is the last part of a long treatment. The surgical result in the more common female transsexual is quite reasonable. The treatment of the fewer male transsexuals is not solved completely, especially the reliable techniques for penis reconstructions are not very sufficient.

Castration↗
PubMed1976

[Differential diagnosis in potency disorders].

Disorders of sexual libido are seldom organic, in general they are of psychological origin. It is, however, difficult to obtain a differential diagnosis. One of the first diagnostic considerations must be the establishment of primary or secondary libidinal dificit, or indeed, whether there is no libido at all. In cases of libido disorders with primary libido dificit, depression, organic disease, or side effects of pharmaca may be the cause. Libido disorders in the presence of functional libido, however, must be regarded as primarily psychologically caused. An exception are libido problems in the presence of diabetes mellitus and peripheral vasculatory defeciencies. In these cases libido is either totally absent or appears only secondarily. The symptomatology of libido disorders in the presence of depression, diabetes melitus, and peripheral vasculatory disturbancies, as well as psychologically caused erectile and ejaculatory difficulties are discussed in detail. These groups are compared with respect to libido and behavior involving erection, ejaculation, anxiety and avoidance.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1976

Further studies on sex hormones in male homosexuals.

Plasma estrone, dihydrotestosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and percentage-free testosterone levels were determined in 26 predominantly or exclusively homosexual males (20 to 33 years of age) and in an age-matched control group. Although the homosexual and control groups showed a broad overlapping for all hormonal factors measured, highly significant differences between the groups were found without exception. The medians of the homosexual group (control group) and the significance levels for the two-sample rank tests were as follows: estrone 3.07 (2.43) ng/100 ml, P less than .01; dihydrotestosterone 66.0 (49.2) ng/100 ml, P less than .01; percentage-free testosterone 10.7% (9.7%), P less than .02; LH 35.1 (24.9) ng/ml, P less than .001. These findings can in part be explained by the higher LH secretion in the homosexual subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Electroencephalographic changes in transsexualism (author's transl)].

The study's goal was the examination of the hypothesis that transsexualism develops on a diminution of sexual drive which itself is a result of temporal lobe dysfunction. 28 transsexuals were examined. More than 30% of this group showed pathologic findings in EEG recordings. Most of the pathological findings were situated in the temporal region. Four transsexuals with pathologic EEG findings mentioned a brain injury in their personal history. In all but one case this injury had taken place after manifestation of transsexual behavior. There was no correlation between depressed sexual drive and pathologic electroencephalographic changes. Generally genetic male transsexuals showed a diminuation of sexual drive only by taking estradiol. This is interpreted as a hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The electroencephalographic findings in 9 or 28 cases of transsexualism with an increase of epsilon-waves mostly in the temporal region are discussed in the context of single case studies and regarded as a reference to temporal lobe dysfunction. This dysfunction is interpreted as a biologic factor in the etiology of transsexualism.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Systematic desensitization of erectile impotence: a controlled study.

Results of a study conducted to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of systematic desensitization of erectile impotence are described. Three groups of eight patients each were formed. They were treated with systematic desensitization or conventional medication and general advice, or put on a waiting list. Therapeutic effects were investigated on the behavioral, subjective, and physiological levels. There were no significant differences among the three groups except on the subjective level. On this level, after therapy the systematic desensitization group rated feelings in sexually arousing situations as associated with significantly less anxiety than the other two groups. Systematic desensitization used alone as a treatment for erectile impotence shows only limited therapeutic effect. The unimproved patients were later treated using a modification of the Masters and Johnson technique. Early results suggest that this technique may be superior to systematic desensitization alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The use of the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) by overall and gorham for the diagnosis of acute paranoid psychoses: evaluation of a german translation of the BPRS (author's transl)].

A German translation of Overall and Gorham's "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale" (BPRS) has been used to select patients with acute paranoid psychoses for a drug trial and to evaluate the results of the treatment. The BPRS proved very useful in screening, and as a reliable method to judge the global therapeutic outcome. The total score showed a high degree of interrater reliability; it also reflected a marked decrease of psychopathological symptoms at the end of the trial. Interrater correlation coefficients were lower than 0.7 in 9/16 items. This may be due to the somewhat unprecise and ambigous formulation of several items. The average BPRS profile of patients with "paranoid-hallucinatory schizophrenia" were similar to those published by French authors for the corresponding diagnosis.

Acute Disease↗