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Biomedical subjects

G K Jacobsen

Publications and source records attributed to G K Jacobsen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Adult Gaucher's disease with pulmonary involvement].

Gaucher's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase with accumulation of glucocerebroside in the reticuloendothelial system. Affection of the lungs by this disease is extremely rare. When Gaucher cells infiltrate the lung, fibrosis may result. We describe a case with adult type Gaucher's disease who, besides affection of liver, spleen and bone marrow, had severe pulmonary involvement with extensive interstitial fibrosis, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and pronounced reduction in diffusion capacity.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1991

Histo-blood group antigens as differentiation markers in testicular germ cell tumours.

The distribution of histo-blood group antigens in a series of eleven human non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours is described and the variable expression of these antigens is related to the patterns of differentiation that are reflected morphologically within these tumours. The results suggest that histo-blood group antigens of type 2 chain carbohydrate structures may be used as markers of differentiation. All the tumours contained binary 2-3 sialosyllactosamine structures. N-acetyllactosamine and Le(y)-negative tumors were the least differentiated morphologically, while N-acetyllactosamine and Le(y)-positive tumours exhibited more differentiated tumour patterns. Whether the occurrence of the latter antigens in poorly differentiated forms of germ cell tumours reflects a biological potential for differentiation remains to be proven in a larger material.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Surveillance alone versus radiotherapy after orchiectomy for clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Danish Testicular Cancer Study Group.

From December 1980 to January 1984, all patients with stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer in Denmark entered a randomized trial comparing surveillance only with radiotherapy after orchiectomy. One hundred fifty patients were assessable for the final analysis. Relapse occurred in 23 patients in the surveillance group and in 11 patients in the radiotherapy group. Radiotherapy completely prevented retroperitoneal relapse; 14 retroperitoneal relapses occurred in the surveillance-only group. All relapsing patients in the surveillance-only group are without evidence of disease with a median observation time after chemotherapy of 67 months. Two of the patients with relapse in the radiotherapy group died with disease; the others are alive without evidence of disease, with a median observation time after relapse treatment of 72 months. In the surveillance group, four relapses occurred later than 2 years after orchiectomy; only one such late relapse occurred in the radiotherapy group. Four of the retroperitoneal relapses occurred without concomitant increase in the serum marker levels (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] and human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG]). It is concluded that surveillance only should replace radiotherapy after orchiectomy as standard treatment for clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Improved methods for control of retroperitoneal relapses, especially of embryonal carcinomas, are needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Bilateral mixed germ cell sex-cord stroma tumour in a young adult woman. Case report.

The first Scandinavian case of mixed germ cell-sex cord stroma tumour is presented. The tumour occurred in an anatomically and genetically normal young adult woman. The tumour exhibited mainly two histopathological patterns. Larger parts consisted of abundant connective tissue containing cellular nests with numerous germ cells and a few sex cord derivatives. Minor parts showed a tubular pattern composed of tubules of sex cord elements containing scattered germ cells. Immunohistochemical stains for cytokeratin, vimentin, placental alkaline phosphatase and various other substances were all negative. This case is in addition the first reported case where the tumour was bilateral. The second tumour occurred in the contralateral ovary three years after excision of the first one and showed the same histopathological pattern as in the predominant part of the first.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Malignant placental site trophoblastic tumor. A case report and a review of the literature.

A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of a fatal case of placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) is presented. PSTT is a rare variant of trophoblastic disease. Histologically the tumor is characterized by a monomorphic cell population, derived from the extravillous intermediate trophoblast. The tumor cells contain human placental lactogen (HPL) as the predominant marker, while human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is present only locally. PSTT has a malignant potential. In the case presented the tumor finally developed the biphasic pattern of choriocarcinoma. The clinical and pathological features of the malignant PSTT are reviewed. Establishing the diagnosis and predicting the biologic behavior of PSTT may be difficult. If metastases occur the prognosis is poor regardless of therapeutic intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Histopathological features in stage I non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours correlated to relapse. Danish Testicular Cancer Study Group.

156 patients with stage I non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumour entered a countrywide randomized study comparing the effect of postoperative irradiation of retroperitoneal lymph nodes with surveillance only. A total of 150 patients were included in this investigation of factors associated with increased risk of relapse. Thirty-four patients (23 per cent) had a relapse, i.e. 11/67 (16 per cent) in the former and 23/83 (28 per cent) in the latter group. Histopathological studies of the orchidectomy specimens were performed in order to identify features associated with relapse. Pure embryonal carcinoma and vascular involvement were significantly associated with increased risk of relapse. Thus, the relapse rate in the observation group in patients with pure embryonal carcinomas was 50 per cent (5/10) and 36 per cent (19/53) in all patients with tumours with vascular involvement.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Laminin in testicular germ cell tumours. An immunohistochemical study.

Thirty-five testicular germ cell tumours comprising 16 yolk sac tumours, 15 embryonal carcinomas and 13 seminomas were examined for the presence and distribution of laminin using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. In addition, nine normal yolk sacs and 23 carcinomas of the lung were studied. All the yolk sac tumours were positively stained for laminin. Both extra- and intracellular staining were found. Hyaline, eosinophilic material present within the tumours was positively stained, although with varying intensity. In 12 out of 15 embryonal carcinomas, laminin was found as a membrane staining but cytoplasmic staining also occurred. In 10 out of 13 classical seminomas, a membrane staining of many tumour cells was found, while cytoplasmic staining occurred in only a few seminomas. In all but one of the yolk sacs, laminin was present in the membrane beneath both the mesoblastic outer cell layer and the visceral endoderm. Intracellular staining was seen in some of the cells in both cell layers. In nine out of 23 carcinomas of the lung, laminin occurred extra- as well as intracellularly. Thus, this study showed that in normal yolk sacs the presence of laminin was not found to be particularly associated with any of the cell layers. Likewise, demonstration of laminin within yolk sac tumours did not define different patterns or subtypes of the yolk sac tumour. In addition, demonstration of laminin was not found to be useful in differentiating either between yolk sac tumours and embryonal carcinomas or between seminomas and non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. The findings add, however, interesting knowledge to histogenesis and embryogenesis.

Dysgerminoma↗
PubMed1989

Carcinoid tumor of the larynx. A case report with a review of the literature.

A carcinoid tumor of the larynx is reported. The tumor was initially interpreted as a poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma and treated with irradiation. One year later a laryngectomy was performed and a carcinoid tumor was found in the resection specimen. The patient died after 2 years with disseminated disease. Carcinoid tumors in the larynx are rare. In the literature 45 cases of laryngeal carcinoid tumors have been reported. The diagnosis of this laryngeal tumor is difficult but important because irradiation is ineffective. Surgical treatment should be performed.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Malignant Sertoli cell tumour of the testis. An immunohistochemical study and a review of the literature.

The fifteenth case of malignant Sertoli cell tumour is reported and the literature is reviewed. The reported case was unilateral with lung metastases. Immunohistochemical examination showed positive staining reaction within the tumour cells for vimentin and cytokeratin, while AFP, HCG, PLAP, EMA and CEA were not found, which is in accordance with the staining pattern found in normal Sertoli cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructure of syncytiotrophoblast-like cells in seminomas of the testis.

An ultrastructural examination of five syncytiotrophoblast-like cells (STLC) from three otherwise pure seminomas was performed. All five STLC demonstrated ultrastructural features identical to those of normal syncytiotrophoblastic cells. The STLC were surrounded by sinusoidal spaces and cells whose ultrastructure was compatible with that of seminoma cells, though the presence of cytotrophoblastic cells cannot be excluded with certainty. We conclude that STLC in seminomas are indeed syncytiotrophoblastic and their genesis remains an enigma.

Dysgerminoma↗
PubMed1986

Carcinoma in situ of contralateral testis in patients with testicular germ cell cancer: study of 27 cases in 500 patients.

Carcinoma in situ in the contralateral testis was diagnosed in 27 of 500 patients (5.4%) with unilateral testicular germ cell cancer. Eight of the 27 patients received intensive chemotherapy for spread of their initial testicular cancer. Follow up biopsy studies did not detect changes of carcinoma in situ in any of these patients, and none developed a contralateral testicular tumour (observation time 12-88 months). Of the remaining 19 patients with carcinoma in situ, seven developed contralateral testicular cancer. The estimated risk of developing invasive growth was 40% within three years and 50% within five years. None of the 473 patients without carcinoma in situ detected by screening biopsy developed contralateral testicular cancer (observation time 12-96 months). No serious complications arose from the biopsy procedures. All patients with unilateral testicular germ cell cancer should be offered biopsy of the contralateral testis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Histogenetic considerations concerning germ cell tumours. Morphological and immunohistochemical comparative investigation of the human embryo and testicular germ cell tumours.

Although it is accepted that the different components of germ cell tumours (GCT) imitate the embryonic and extraembryonic structures in early development, various tumour patterns remain to be interpreted in histogenetic terms. In particular, some patterns of embryonal carcinoma (EC) and yolk sac tumour (YST) have not been given a convincing histogenetic explanation. Combined morphological and immunohistochemical studies of GCT in addition to a three-dimensional analysis permit correlations between certain tumour patterns and normal embryonic and extraembryonic structures to be made. The various tumour patterns which reflect various stages of differentiation or maturation of cells and tissues of the normal conceptus may also be placed in chronological order with regard to embryogenesis. On the basis of such considerations a nomenclature using the embryological terms for the various tumour components may be considered, although not recommended as a new system of classification.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1985

Residual retroperitoneal tumour tissue in patients treated for metastatic non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours: an immunohistochemical investigation.

The morphology of resected residual retroperitoneal tumour tissue from 18 patients treated with a combined chemotherapy regime for advanced testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumours was studied. In five cases (28%) the resected tissue comprised only fibrous tissue and in ten cases (56%) only mature teratoma (T) was present. Embryonal carcinoma (EC) with yolk sac tumour (YST) differentiation was found in addition to T in one case and in two cases the resected tissue comprised pure EC. In all patients with residual T, T had also been present in the primary tumour. Resected tissue containing T was investigated for the presence of various marker proteins, including alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1 AT), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), ferritin (FER), lactoferrin (LF), and pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (SP1), in addition to the well-established markers for germ cell tumours, alphafetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). AFP and HCG were present in only two cases. A1 AT and CEA were demonstrated in various amounts in epithelial structures in 11 out of 11 cases with T, while FER was found in ten and LF and SP1 in seven cases. Since A1 AT, CEA and LF were also found in the secreted material within the lumen of the teratoid structures, aspiration of cystic fluid for demonstration of these proteins in addition to AFP and HCG is recommended for diagnostic assessment. CEA and SP1 are suggested for localization and treatment of tumour tissue with the recently-developed methods using specific antibodies which are either radiolabelled or conjugated to anti-neoplastic drugs.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1984

Placental alkaline phosphatase in testicular germ cell tumours and in carcinoma-in-situ of the testis. An immunohistochemical study.

Recently, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) has been suggested as a tumour marker in patients with seminomas (S), since elevated serum levels of PLAP were found with high frequency in these patients. The present immunoperoxidase study of 33 testicular germ cell tumours was undertaken to localize PLAP in the various types of these tumours as well as in the carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) pattern. Eighteen out of 19 (95%) S were PLAP positive compared to nine out of 14 (64%) non-seminomas (NS). In the NS the positive staining reaction was localized to tumour components of embryonal carcinoma (EC) in six cases, of choriocarcinoma (CC) in one and of S in two, while components of yolk sac tumour and teratoma were PLAP negative. The number of positively stained cells in S was much higher than in EC. The staining reaction was pronounced in the syncytiotrophoblast of CC and in some syncytiotrophoblast-like cells present in S. The staining reaction product was mainly confined to the cell membrane in the positive tumour types. In 20 out of 24 cases with CIS various numbers of CIS cells were PLAP positive, while PLAP was not found in normal germinal epithelium. Sixty three per cent of S patients had serum values above 1.0 micrograms/l, while such values occurred in 21% of NS patients. The tissue staining pattern for PLAP was found to correspond to the preoperative serum value. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that PLAP may be a useful marker in patients with S. Serum levels of PLAP may be used diagnostically in patients with testicular tumours and for monitoring therapy and detection of recurrences in patients with S. For optimal utility of this marker, determinations of serum profiles of PLAP are recommended. Finally, demonstration of PLAP in CIS indicates a functional relationship between CIS and S supporting the hypothesis that CIS is the precursor state of these tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The influence of various fixatives on the immunohistochemical demonstration of a number of plasma proteins and oncofetal proteins in paraffin embedded material.

The influence of different fixatives on the antigenicity of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, ferritin, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), specific pregnancy beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) and human placental lactogen (HPL) was studied. No single fixative was superior for all the antigens investigated. For intracellular antigens the best all-around fixatives were, however, 10% buffered formalin, 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, 10% formol-calcium and ethanol acetic acid (EA), cold processed. The preferable fixatives were for AFP: Bouińs fixative, B-5 and EA; for albumin: 10% formol-calcium; for prealbumin: Zambonis fixative and B-5; for transferrin: EA; for ferritin: 10% buffered formalin, 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, Lilliés fixative, Zambonis fixative and EA; for HCG: Bouińs fixative and B-5; for SP1: Lilliés fixative and EA; and for HPL: 4% buffered paraformaldehyde and Lilliés fixative. The preservation of extracellular antigens was different from the above mentioned intracellular ones. Thus fixation in 10% buffered formalin gave poor results while the coagulant fixatives such as Bouińs fixative, B-5 and Clelands fixative in general showed good preservation of the antigenicity of the extracellular antigens.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1983

Possible liver cell differentiation in testicular germ cell tumours.

Germ cell tumours may imitate various structures of the developing embryo and foetus. Certain structures have, however, very rarely or never been observed in these tumours. Thus the presence of hepatic tissue in testicular germ cell tumours has not been reported. In a series of 37 non-seminomatous testicular tumours seven tumours contained epithelial structures showing morphological and functional resemblance to liver cell trabeculae. These structures were present in tumours with yolk sac tumour (YST) components and most of the tumours also contained teratoid elements. With the immunoperoxidase technique the epithelial structures were heavily stained for alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) and ferritin in all cases, while positive staining for albumin, prealbumin and transferrin was occasionally found. Alpha-I-antitrypsin and haemoglobin F were demonstrated in few scattered cells. Whether or not these epithelial structures should be included among the various patterns of YST or considered to be teratoid components is uncertain. It is suggested that examinations of the heterogeneity of the concomitant serologic AFP may support one or other assumption.

Cell Differentiation↗