Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Judmaier

Publications and source records attributed to G Judmaier.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Epidemiology, clinical aspects and prognosis of viral hepatitis A, B and non-A, non-B].

293 cases of acute hepatitis occurring within two years were analyzed with regard to type of viral infection, clinical course and outcome. Infections occurring in high risk groups as in drug addicts, transfused patients and medical staff were evaluated separately. Within the "posttransfusion group" there was a relatively high incidence of hepatitis B virus infection, high-lighting the need for more extensive screening of blood products for the hepatitis B virus. The prognosis of the disease was independent of time of stay in hospital, of treatment with beta-Cyanidanol and vitamins and of accidental corticosteroid therapy. The highest prevalence of chronicity was found in the Non-A-Non-B group.

Catechin↗
PubMed1987

Potential of urinary neopterin excretion in differentiating chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis from fatty liver.

Urinary neopterin excretion was measured in 26 patients with histologically proven chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (16 chronic persistent hepatitis, 10 chronic active hepatitis) and in 16 patients with steatosis. The potential of neopterin levels to discriminate between the two patient groups was compared with that of standard laboratory variables. Neopterin levels and triglycerides were shown to be the best variables for discriminating between the hepatitis and fatty liver patients, neopterin being the more specific of the two. Neopterin excretion in chronic persistent hepatitis was not statistically different from that in chronic active hepatitis. In the absence of specific tests, increased neopterin excretion seems to be a useful marker for diagnosing chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis and particularly in differentiating it from fatty liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[3-year long-term therapy of recurrent duodenal ulcer with 400 mg cimetidine nocte].

253 patients were treated for 3 years with 400 mg cimetidine at night to prevent relapses of recently healed duodenal ulcers. The efficacy of maintenance treatment was evaluated on a life table basis. In contrast to previous studies not the first but the third symptomatic relapse was taken as the major criterium of treatment failure, an assumption, that better represents the everyday practical situation. Further endpoints for the life table calculation were: the wish of the patient to stop treatment after the first or second recurrence, the failure of a first or second recurrence to heal within 12 weeks and side effects. At 1, 2 and 3 years 5 +/- 2.4%, 16 +/- 4.6% and 20 +/- 5.2% respectively had to be considered as treatment failures. 4 patients presented with a bleeding relapse, none of which necessitated emergency operation. There were no irreversible side effects. This study demonstrates that treatment of recurrent duodenal ulcers with 400 mg cimetidine at night for 3 years is safe and improves considerably the quality of life of the majority of patients. The authors suggest that drug maintenance treatment should be offered before surgery is recommended.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1987

Nizatidine versus ranitidine in the prevention of duodenal ulcer relapse. Six-month interim results of a European multicentre study.

Nizatidine, a new H2-receptor antagonist, was compared with ranitidine in a double-blind, randomized, multicentre trial for the prevention of duodenal ulcer relapse. This is the interim analysis of 197 patients admitted to the study by 1 September 1985, having finished a 6-month treatment period by 1 March 1986. At night, 96 and 101 patients received 150 mg nizatidine and 150 mg ranitidine, respectively. Both groups were well matched for demographic data, duration and severity of ulcer disease. Calculating cumulative relapse rates by the life-table method of Cutler and Ederer, 18% on nizatidine and 13% on ranitidine had experienced a symptomatic or asymptomatic recurrence. The difference is not statistically significant. The symptomatic response was identical in both groups, 3/4 of the patients in both groups being free of any symptom over all 6 months. During maintenance treatment, 24% of the patients on nizatidine and 32% of those on ranitidine reported new symptoms, listed as 'adverse events'. However, none of these events was likely to be drug related. There was no difference between the two groups concerning the percentage change of laboratory variables from baseline to endpoint.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Urinary neopterin, a marker of clinical activity in patients with Crohn's disease.

Urinary neopterin excretion was measured in 34 patients with Crohn's disease. Neopterin excretion showed a significant correlation with disease activity using a clinical activity score. An interacting effect of previous medical or surgical therapy on neopterin excretion could be ruled out. Disease localization and extent did not exert any influence on neopterin excretion. Neopterin values were significantly correlated with disease duration, body weight and the presence of a palpable abdominal mass. Multiple stepwise regression analyses identified the combination of neopterin, hematocrit, weekly stool frequency, palpable abdominal mass and related symptoms as predicting clinical activity better than Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI). Thus, neopterin determination may be introduced as an additional biochemical parameter in the assessment of disease activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Nephrology for general practice--sonographic findings].

Ultrasound examination contributes essentially to the assessment of nephrological disorders. This investigation provides accurate information about form, size and mobility of the organ. Circumscript painful areas can be localized in combination with palpation. Pathological changes such as hydronephrosis, cysts, solid tumors or inherited diseases (polycystic diseases, hypoplasia or renal agenesia) can easily be diagnosed. Therefore this harmless method is the investigation of choice in the screening of families for inherited renal diseases. To differentiate between acute and chronic renal failure, this diagnostic technique is preferentially employed. Furthermore, it provides valuable information for the long-term-management of patients on haemodialysis, patients with hydronephrosis or impaired renal function. However, for the diagnosis of minor defects in renal calces, the vasculature and for the detection of small stones, this technique needs still to be improved.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1986

A simple index relating clinical activity in Crohn's disease with T cell activation: hematocrit, frequency of liquid stools and urinary neopterin as parameters.

Crohn's disease is characterized by alternating acute and quiescent periods. Several indices for activity of the inflammatory process have been proposed to have criteria for prognosis of the clinical course and therapeutic efficacy. Neopterin is specifically released from human monocytes-macrophages after induction by interferon-gamma secreted from activated human T lymphocytes. Thus, urinary neopterin excretion is elevated in diseases involving activation of cellular immunity. Fifteen clinical and laboratory parameters, including urinary neopterin levels, collected from 35 visits of patients with Crohn's disease, were compared using multiple linear regression analysis with a simple clinical activity index as reference. Prediction of clinical activity was best with the combination of hematocrit, weekly number of liquid stools and neopterin. A simple triple-parametric Crohn's disease activity index was established on the basis of this result. Its quality was tested on independent data obtained from 25 repeat visits of 13 of these patients. A comparison with the well-known Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was performed. The results obtained with the proposed activity index were slightly better than those with the eight-parametric CDAI for the data from the first as well as from the repeat visits. We conclude that our simple index is a reliable and easily accessible measure for clinical activity in patients with Crohn's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Ulcer disease. Studies of patients with chronic recurrent duodenal ulcer in an attempt to differentiate subgroups based on age at disease onset, psychopathologic and biographical data].

A group of 47 patients suffering from chronic recurrent duodenal ulcers was subdivided into two groups according to whether the first manifestation of the disorder occurred early or late in the life of each individual. A comparison of the two groups revealed that the patients in group I (early manifestation) had a larger number of constitutional handicaps along with a higher incidence of dispositional prior experience with regard to object loss and that they assumed social responsibility at an early age. Group II (late manifestation) was characterized by a larger number of depressive psychoses, a higher incidence of alcohol abuse, and by attempts at suicide. Apart from this, the patients in group II often complained of muscular pain syndromes. Patients in group I frequently exhibited the characteristics of the ulcer type described by Alexander as well as chronic anger. Patients in group II most often had the personality structure of so-called psychosomatic patients or suffered from depressive disorders affecting their personalities and from chronic anxiety. The two characteristics which were most typical for recidivation were: 1. Actualization of experienced bereavement and 2. unspecific activation as a result of the will to assert themselves in stress situations. In 41% of the cases there was evidence of somatic factors as e.g. starvation, abuse of alcohol or abuse of analgetics. Long-term prophylaxis has been effected by psychopharmacological agents as well as by psychotherapeutic techniques.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Neopterin as a new biochemical marker in the clinical assessment of ulcerative colitis.

In previous publications we showed that neopterin, a pyrazino-pyrimidin compound, represents a biochemical marker for the assessment of cellular immune responses. We thought that the evaluation of this marker molecule might enable insight into the activity of cellular immune responses underlying ulcerative colitis (UC). Evaluation of urinary neopterin excretion in 25 consecutive untreated UC patients revealed striking correlations between neopterin levels and the severity of disease: elevated levels were observed in 9 out of 9 patients with moderately severe to severe, in 3 of 4 with mild and in none of 12 patients with quiescent disease. Further evidence for a correlation between disease activity and neopterin excretion was obtained on the basis of long-term follow-up studies performed in 4 cases. These studies indicated normalization of neopterin levels when clinical remission was achieved. Thereafter, the relative significance of neopterin excretion for determination of clinical stage was assessed by linear correlation analyses and was compared with conventional clinical parameters such as anemia, number of motions per day, raised temperature, ESR and extent of bowel involvement. The logarithm of neopterin excretion and the extent of bowel involvement were the two single parameters most closely related to the clinical stage of ulcerative colitis. We, therefore, conclude that evaluation of neopterin excretion in ulcerative colitis patients represents a new and useful tool for the clinical monitoring of disease activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Histologically controlled ultrasound findings in the transplanted kidney].

72 percutaneous diagnostic renal biopsies were performed on 53 recipients of renal allografts from cadavers with deterioration of the graft function. 40 patients received cyclosporine (CsA) and 13 Azathioprin with steroids (conventional immunosuppression). All biopsies were carried out under sonographic control. The echo patterns of the grafts were evaluated prior to the procedure. In 63 cases (87.5%) enough material could be obtained for histologic examination. The sonographic diagnoses were compared with histological results. In the sonographic detection of allograft rejection sensitivity was 80.85%, and specificity 56.25%. Grafts with symptoms of CsA-nephrotoxicity did not seem to produce a characteristic sonographic echo pattern. Macrohaematuria occurred after 9 biopsies (12.5%). A graft loss was not observed; in one case a temporary percutaneous nephrostomy had to be carried out. We conclude that sonography alone is not sufficient to diagnose parenchymatous changes in the graft. To obtain satisfactory long-term results biopsy is necessary. Under sonographic guidance the risk of percutaneous biopsy is minimal.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1983

[Ultrasonically guided fine-needle biopsy].

Ultrasonically guided fine-needle biopsy with cytologic evaluation (UGF) was performed in 347 patients with suspected tumors mostly of the abdomen. With an accuracy rate of more than 90% UGF proved to be a safe investigation of high diagnostic value.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

[What is accomplished by sonographic studies of the kidneys?].

Sonography of the kidneys can be regarded not only as supplementary examination to intravenous pyelograms but as first step investigation for evaluation of hypertension, micro-hematuria and other acute processes. Since no contrast medium and no ionizing radiation is used it can be applied to pregnant women and also in cases of acute renal failure. Together with needle biopsy its diagnostic value is immense and it can be repeated as often as wanted even as a bed-side method. Therefore it can be used routinely for follow-ups.

Glomerulonephritis↗
PubMed1983

[Sonographic study of the spleen and retroperitoneal space-occupying masses].

Sonography of the spleen allows exact measurements of this organ. There are typical pictures in cysts or hematomas. Diffuse changes of the spleen however are hardly distinguishable in regard to differential diagnosis. Retroperitoneal masses can easily be recognized. Lymph-nodes can be identified and the results of therapeutic interventions can be judged. Hematomas or abscesses can be seen easily. Guided needle biopsy offers the possibility for histologic examinations.

Abscess↗
PubMed1983

[Food composition and results of dietetic intervention in patients with hypercholesterolemia in a Tyrolean village. Tyrolean heart project of Oberperfuss].

In the course of a field survey of coronary risk factors carried out in the Tyrolean village of Oberperfuss, a 24-hour food recall form was filled in by all inhabitants aged between 20 and 64 years. The food composition is presented. The dietary intervention programme for people with hypercholesterolaemia resulted in a 19.5% plasma cholesterol reduction within one year. A significant increase in the P/S ratio and a decrease in dietary cholesterol are chiefly responsible for the plasma cholesterol decrease, since the total fat consumption remained uninfluenced.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Acute fatty liver in pregnancy with consumption coagulopathy].

Acute idiopathic fatty liver of pregnancy was observed in a 34-year-old patient. Mother and child survived this complication which has happened in only 10% of the 69 histologically verified cases. On the basis of coagulation studies it may be assumed that consumption coagulopathy had been present initially. This could be pathogenetically relevant in the development of fatty liver of pregnancy.

Acute Disease↗