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Biomedical subjects

G Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to G Jackson.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1967

Degradation of Glucose by Proliferating Cells of Desulfotomaculum nigrificans.

Desulfotomaculum nigrificans degraded glucose to acetate, ethyl alcohol, and carbon dioxide. By use of C-glucose labeled at different carbon atoms, two pathways of glucose metabolism were detected. They were the Embden-Meyerhof and the Entner-Doudoroff schemes. Because the observed quantities of acetate and carbon dioxide, arising from glucose, were greater than the expected theoretical values, individual fermentations were conducted with 15 uniformly labeled C-amino acids. The results indicated that amino acids, supplied by the yeast extract or peptone in the fermentation medium, also contributed to the formation of acetate and carbon dioxide.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmaceutical preparations. A review of drugs commonly used during the neonatal period.

Certified nurse-midwives, whose responsibility includes care of the newborn in the first days of life, should be well versed in the commonly used pharmaceutical preparations in the neonatal period. This article reviews therapeutic uses and the pharmacodynamics of vitamin K, as well as the neonatal eye preparations for prophylaxis of infections (silver nitrate, tetracycline, and erythromycin ophthalmic ointments). Preparations used in caring for the umbilical cord, as well as the commonly prescribed antibiotics ampicillin and gentamicin, are discussed. The narcotic antagonist naloxone is also reviewed, along with commonly used medications for colic and thrush. The etiology and clinical conditions that require the application of these medications are considered.

Candidiasis, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody and continued drug use in narcotic dependency: a randomized controlled study.

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (antiHBs) were determined in 556 narcotic addicts entering a randomized prospective study of alcoholism in patients on methadone maintenance. Only 37% of patients were either negative for HBsAg or without detectable titers of antiHBs. No difference in reactivity existed between alcoholic as compared to nonalcoholic patients and the use of street heroin as compared to use of methadone upon entry to the study. At least a one year follow-up was obtained in 229 (41%) patients with 25 of 88 (28%) patients initially without titers to antiHBs developing detectable titers. No relationship existed between development of antiHBs titers and elevation of liver function tests or the subsequent use of parenteral heroin. These findings suggest that the development of titers to antiHBs in persons on methadone maintenance should not be used as an indication of parenteral drug use.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

More on the hierarchy of propositions: exploring the distinction between explanations and propositions.

Interpretation of the weight of scientific evidence depends upon the framing of at least two competing propositions to weigh against each other. It is the stage of framing propositions that is the most difficult aspect of evidence interpretation. The logical structure for case assessment and interpretation has been described by the authors in three previous papers [Cook R, et al. A model for case assessment and interpretation. Science & Justice 1998; 38: 151-156. Cook R, et al. A hierarchy of propositions: deciding which level to address in casework. Science & Justice 1998; 38: 231-239. Cook R, et al. Case pre-assessment and review in a two-way transfer case. Science & Justice 1999; 39: 103-111]. This paper considers the framing of propositions in greater detail, in particular the intermediate stage of exploring less formal explanations. All of the discussion is based on experiences encountered in workshops with caseworking forensic scientists.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of the principles of evidence interpretation on the structure and content of statements.

The Forensic Science Service (FSS) has devoted appreciable effort to developing the application of the principles of evidence interpretation. Much of the work has been reported in previous papers in this journal, in particular those that develop a model for Case Assessment and Interpretation (CAI). The principles of interpretation are restated and the implications for structure and content of statements are described.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Establishing the most appropriate databases for addressing source level propositions.

Previous papers in Science & Justice have described the work of the Case Assessment and Interpretation (CAI) project that has been running for several years within the Forensic Science Service (FSS). The principles of the CAI model, which have developed through casework, are the foundation of a balanced, robust and logical approach to interpretation. The question arises frequently as to what is the most appropriate database that should be available to assist in assigning a value to a given probability. In this paper we present a set of guidelines in the form of flowcharts and explore them within the context of a range of case examples.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Logical evaluation of evidence when a person is suspected of committing two separate offences.

We consider the problem of drawing inferences within a legal framework when a person is a suspect for two separate offences. Although we are primarily concerned with scientific evidence the issue inevitably arises as to how that evidence interacts with other, non-scientific evidence. We show that, in this particular context, the evidence can be conveniently classified into three categories that concern, respectively: the first crime only; the second crime only; and evidence that relates to similarities between the two crimes. Two case examples are considered and we consider DNA, fibres and eyewitness evidence. These are viewed from the perspective of a prosecutor who has to decide whether or not to charge a suspect with one or both crimes. Graphical sensivity analyses are presented which have features that are not intuitively obvious.

Criminal Law↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The nature of forensic science opinion--a possible framework to guide thinking and practice in investigations and in court proceedings.

The questions that are asked of forensic scientists during the course of a criminal investigation, and during subsequent court proceedings, are of varied form. This paper attempts to place these questions into broad generic types and explores the difference in the inferential process that a scientist may employ when forming opinions that help answer these questions. From this model, a working definition of different roles and attributes for forensic scientists is described which may offer greater clarity for both practitioners and users of forensic science.

Expert Testimony↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A model for case assessment and interpretation.

The authors describe a new approach to decision-making in an operational forensic science organization based on a model, embodying the principles of Bayesian inference, which has been developed through workshops run within the Forensic Science Service for forensic science practitioners. Issues which arise from the idea of pre-assessment of cases are explored by means of a case example.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using a multidisciplinary CQI approach to reduce ER-to-floor admission time.

A 110-bed community hospital used a multidisciplinary continuous quality improvement process to decrease the time needed to admit a non-critical care patient to the hospital from the emergency department (ER). The specific objective was to reduce the total amount of time needed for a patient who has entered the ER to be assigned to a bed on a designated medical/surgical unit, while at the same time maintaining quality of care and providing the patient with a pleasant atmosphere.

Admitting Department, Hospital↗