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Biomedical subjects

G Isaacson

Publications and source records attributed to G Isaacson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Video nasopharyngoscopy: a comparison of fiberscopic, telescopic, and microscopic documentation.

Video nasopharyngoscopy is a most valuable method of documenting the anatomy and pathophysiology of the nasopharynx. Such a permanent record is useful for diagnosis, patient counselling, resident teaching, and the monitoring of therapy in nasopharyngeal disorders. To evaluate the various techniques for assessment of the nasopharynx, the authors have attempted to systematically compare flexible and rigid endoscopes and mirror examination during video recording. The pros and cons of 1) transnasal fiberscopic, 2) transnasal telescopic, 3) transoral telescopic, and 4) transoral microscopic mirror examination methods for video nasopharyngoscopy are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Vocal cord mobilization by posterior laryngoplasty.

Laryngeal obstruction due to fixation of the vocal cords by scar tissue in the posterior commissure is a serious complication of endotracheal intubation. Until recently, operative procedures, including unilateral arytenoidectomy, were recommended for the relief of such obstruction. Because arytenoidectomy adversely affects voice quality, alternative procedures designed to open the airway by restoring vocal cord mobility have been attempted with some success. We report our experience with six consecutive patients, five of whom had previously required tracheotomy for relief of airway obstruction from posterior glottic stenosis. In all patients, the operative procedure included a midline thyrotomy, excision of the posterior commissure scar tissue, and stenting. Vocal cord motion returned to normal or near normal in all six patients, and all have been decannulated. Subjective evaluation of voice quality was the same or improved postoperatively. Our experience suggests that restoration of an adequate airway in patients with posterior glottic stenosis can be achieved without sacrificing an arytenoid cartilage and voice quality.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Functional anatomy of the larynx.

The larynx serves three basic functions in humans. In order of functional priority they are protective, respiratory, and phonatory. This article discusses these three roles in terms of phylogeny, developmental anatomy, and neuromuscular reflex activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal temporal bone.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful new tool for the study of human anatomy and pathology. By various MRI techniques, the structure of the middle and inner ears of aborted 20-week fetuses is defined and compared to gross anatomic sections. MRI's potential for evaluating temporal bone development and diseases of the ear is discussed.

Ear, Middle↗
PubMed1986

Diagnosing congenital malformation in utero: ultrasound.

The value of antenatal ultrasound in the detection of fetal defects is discussed in this article. The ways in which ultrasound diagnoses are made are reviewed as well as several of the most important anomalies that may be detected with this diagnostic tool.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1985

A sonographic study of fetal cystic hygromas.

Fetal cystic hygromas are fluid filled sacs of lymphatic origin occurring in the posterolateral neck. Based on an experience with 15 of these hygromas diagnosed antenatally, the various sonographic appearances are illustrated and differential diagnostic features are discussed. A midline septum or hydrops may serve as diagnostic clues. The sonographic and anatomic features of a hygroma are correlated using a gelatin embedding technique.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Diagnosis and management of fetal holoprosencephaly.

The holoprosencephalies are a spectrum of cerebral and facial malformations resulting from incomplete division of the embryonic forebrain. Using ultrasound to search for structural defects in the fetal brain and to measure interorbital distances, the alobar variety can be diagnosed antenatally. A series of seven cases is presented. Criteria for diagnosis and guidelines for obstetric management are presented.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Diagnosis and management of fetal teratomas.

Teratomas are the most common neoplasms in newborns. It is now possible to detect these lesions with ultrasound before birth. Presented are six teratomas in a variety of locations diagnosed in utero (three sacrococcygeal, two oral cavity, and one intracranial). As these lesions are usually benign and often curable, the authors believe an aggressive, combined obstetric, pediatric, and surgical approach is warranted.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Brief clinical report: lethal multiple pterygium syndrome in an 18-week fetus with hydrops.

We present the case of an 18-week abortus with lethal multiple pterygium syndrome and hydrops. Radiographic and anatomic study showed none of the bony abnormalities reported in live-born children with multiple pterygium syndrome. The pathogenesis of the hydrops was not apparent. The findings of cleft palate, pulmonary hypoplasia, muscular atrophy, gracile thoracic bones, and fetal death are typical of the lethal variant.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

The obstetric significance of holoprosencephaly.

The present study reviews the entity of holoprosencephaly as it relates to obstetric diagnosis and management. Classification, embryology, and etiology are summarized. Serial sonographic findings in a recent case of holoprosencephaly complicated by hydrocephalus are presented. Criteria for antenatal diagnosis and newborn recognition as well as an approach to management are proposed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Diagnosis and management of fetal cephalocele.

During a two-year period, nine cases of cephalocele were evaluated at the authors' perinatal ultrasound unit. There was one false positive and one false negative diagnosis. In five cases, multiple anomalies were present; three as part of the amnion rupture sequence. The obstetric management consisted of elective termination of pregnancy in five cases and cesarean section in four. The value of sonography in the diagnosis of cephalocele and associated syndromes and malformations is discussed. A plan of management and counseling based upon current understanding of prognosis is presented.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1983

Fetal cystic hygroma. Cause and natural history.

Fetal cystic hygromas are congenital malformations of the lymphatic system appearing as single or multiloculated fluid-filled cavities, most often about the neck. They are thought to arise from failure of the lymphatic system to communicate with the venous system in the neck. They often progress to hydrops and cause fetal death. In an effort to delineate the cause and natural history of this disorder, we studied 15 consecutive cases of nuchal hygroma detected prenatally by ultrasound. None of the 15 fetuses ultimately survived. Thirteen fetuses were hydropic at the time of diagnosis; nine either died or were bradycardic in utero before abortion; one died a few hours after birth. Eleven fetuses (73 per cent) had karyotypes consistent with Turner's syndrome, and an additional fetus with female genitalia had a 46,XY karyotype. Three fetuses had 46,XX karyotypes, and two of these had multiple malformations. When a hygroma is detected during fetal life, careful sonographic examination of the entire fetus, determination of the fetal karyotype, and an evaluation of the family history are indicated.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗