Alternatives to pregnancy prevention.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Hunt.
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Twenty-three children with neuropathic bladder have been treated by intermittent catheterisation during the past 3 years. Twelve are now practically dry, nine are drier than before, and two have remained wet. Urinary infections have not been a major problem, but it is too soon to assess the long-term effects on the upper renal tract. Intermittent catheterisation lightens the burden for the mothers. Four children catheterise themselves and two of them are now independent.
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A total of 113 cases of open myelomeningocele operated on shortly after birth were followed up and the 80 survivors (71%) were assessed one and a quarter to seven and a half years later. Their disability was classified in terms of mobility, intelligence, continence, and major complications; these when combined provided an assessment of overall disability. The overall disability of the survivors was minimal in 6%, moderate in 40%, severe in 39%, and very severe in 15%.A number of clinical features present at birth were analysed for their predictive value. Of these the sensory level, which frequently differed from both external and radiological levels of the lesion, correlated with the outcome in terms of mobility, intelligence, continence, major complications, and overall disability; and also with deaths caused by renal failure.A policy of confining operation to those patients with a reasonable chance of achieving independence would involve selecting for treatment a minority of all infants born with open myelomeningocele.
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The interaction of tumour cells with basement membrane components is thought to be important in influencing their invasive and metastatic properties. This paper describes the effect of laminin on the attachment of radiolabelled glioma and B16 murine melanoma cells to tissue culture plastic and type IV collagen. With the exception of the non-metastatic B16 F1 variant, laminin (and fibronectin) stimulated cell attachment to tissue culture plastic. Although laminin stimulated the attachment of the B16 BL6 metastatic variant to type IV collagen, it consistently inhibited the attachment of the glioma cells under the same conditions. Laminin appeared to exert its effect by adsorption to the collagen and was not cytotoxic to the glioma cells. In contrast, fibronectin had very little effect on cell attachment to type IV collagen. One of the most unusual features of glioma is the rarity of metastasis to extraneural sites. However, the effect of laminin observed here may not be the only factor involved in the metastatic inefficiency of this tumour type.
Aeromonas sobria was identified from soil and canal water at the East End of London. There was a correlation between water and faecal isolates from children attending the nearby Children's Hospital. In view of the potential risk of enteric and non-enteric infections due to Aeromonas spp, efforts are needed to ensure that canals, rivers, natural water sources and domestic water supply are free of these organisms.
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The Department of Health guidelines on local research ethics committees are now in operation. But, are they enforceable and what relevance do they have to nursing?
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