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Biomedical subjects

G Holland

Publications and source records attributed to G Holland.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1965

The development of hepatic glucokinase in the neonatal rat.

1. Glucokinase and hexokinase activities have been determined in the livers of newborn rats and attempts made to influence in vivo the development of the glucokinase. 2. Glucokinase first appears in rat liver about 16 days after birth and adult activities are reached 10-12 days later. Evidence is presented which indicates that this represents synthesis of new protein. Hexokinase activities remain constant throughout the period of glucokinase development. 3. Both exogenous glucose and insulin are necessary for the natural development of glucokinase, for this is retarded in starved and alloxan-diabetic neonatal rats. 4. The absence of glucokinase during the first 2 weeks of extrauterine life in the rat is not due to lack of insulin. 5. Attempts to advance the time at which glucokinase first appears by infusions of glucose, insulin and chlorpropamide alone and in various combinations have resulted in marginal effects only. 6. When rats are starved for 3 days during the period of glucokinase development and then re-fed, glucokinase is more rapidly synthesized, indicating that the potential ability to synthesize glucokinase continues to develop throughout the period of starvation. 7. Some possible reasons for the comparatively late development of glucokinase are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The safety of discontinuation of maintenance therapy for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and incidence of immune recovery uveitis following potent antiretroviral therapy.

BACKGROUND: Reconstitution of immune function during potent antiretroviral therapy can prompt discontinuation of maintenance cytomegalovirus (CMV) therapy but has also been associated with sight-threatening inflammatory conditions including immune recovery uveitis (IRU). METHOD: Patients with inactive CMV retinitis and a CD4+ cell count above 100/mm3, receiving CMV therapy and stable combination antiretroviral therapy, were assigned to one of two groups based on willingness to discontinue CMV therapy. RESULTS: Thirty-eight participants were enrolled: 28 discontinued anti-CMV therapy (Group 1) and 10 continued CMV treatment (Group 2). Median on-study follow-up was 16 months. One Group 1 participant who experienced an increase in plasma HIV viral load and a decline in CD4+ cell count developed confirmed progression of CMV retinitis. Progression or reactivation CMV retinitis was not observed among Group 2. IRU was present at study entry in 3 participants. Six participants in Group 1 and 3 participants in Group 2 developed IRU on-study. CMV viremia was not detected in any participants, and urinary shedding of CMV was intermittent. CONCLUSION: Recurrence of CMV retinitis following discontinuation of anti-CMV therapy among patients with antiretroviral-induced increases in CD4+ cell count was rare. However, IRU was common in both those who maintained and discontinued anti-CMV therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An in vitro study of magnetization transfer and relaxation rates of hematoma.

PURPOSE: To assess, in an in vitro model of acute hematoma, whether hemoglobin immobilization by clot and red cell membrane aging can account for the T2 shortening usually attributed to deoxyhemoglobin. METHODS: Clotted and heparinized blood samples were packed (100% hematocrit). The apparent magnetization transfer rate (AMTR), T1 and T2 relaxation rates of the samples, and images with a volunteer's head were obtained at 1.5 T. RESULTS: The AMTR and T1 and T2 relaxation rates were unaffected by the presence of clot. The AMTR was unaffected by red cell aging. The diamagnetic packed blood samples, which are much denser than brain, were isointense to gray matter on T2-weighted images and had about one-fifth the AMTR of white matter. CONCLUSIONS: Hemoglobin immobilization by clot structure or red cell contraction with aging is insignificant and does not contribute to the T2 shortening of acute hematoma. The low AMTR and T2 relaxation rates of diamagnetic blood appear to be caused by the mobility of hemoglobin and by the red cell's lack of immobile macromolecular structures such as those associated with nucleated brain cells.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Working for the good life in rural west Somerset.

This paper outlines a community development project in rural Somerset that was instituted in response to identified health needs in the area. Organisational changes meant that funding for the project was curtailed so that completion of the planned programme and full evaluation could not be carried out.

Accidents, Traffic↗