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Biomedical subjects

G Hayward

Publications and source records attributed to G Hayward.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Beam profile measurements and simulations for ultrasonic transducers operating in air

This paper outlines a method that has been implemented to predict and measure the acoustic radiation generated by ultrasonic transducers operating into air in continuous wave mode. Commencing with both arbitrary surface displacement data and radiating aperture, the transmitted pressure beam profile is obtained and includes simulation of propagation channel attenuation and where necessary, the directional response of any ultrasonic receiver. The surface displacement data may be derived directly, from laser measurement of the vibrating surface, or indirectly, from finite element modeling of the transducer configuration. To validate the approach and to provide experimental measurement of transducer beam profiles, a vibration-free, draft-proof scanning system that has been installed within an environmentally controlled laboratory is described. A comparison of experimental and simulated results for piezoelectric composite, piezoelectric polymer, and electrostatic transducers is then presented to demonstrate some quite different airborne ultrasonic beam-profile characteristics. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. The results are compared with those expected from a classical aperture diffraction approach and the reasons for any significant differences are explained.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Domestic and personal accidents. Prevention in the absence of professional supervision.

This paper provides a review of a selection of recent papers, most of which derive from presentations given at the 4th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Control or the 6th International Conference on Product Safety Research, both of which took place in Amsterdam in May 1998. What all the accidents studied in these papers have in common is the absence of professional supervision. Everyone immediately involved in the incident--whether as injured party, unintended cause or informal supervisor is an 'amateur'. It is proposed that the term 'domestic and personal accidents' should be used to describe this group of accidents, the study of which has been neglected in comparison to transport and occupational injuries. It is argued that domestic and personal activities are more heterogeneous than ones with an element of professional supervision and are therefore more difficult to prevent. Nevertheless examples are given of where 'horizontal' approaches to analysis and prevention of these accidents have proved possible.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1996

Risk of injury per hour of exposure to consumer products.

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the risk of injury per hour of use for a range of consumer products. Exposure data was derived from interviewing a large sample of adults about their use of 76 common kitchen, do-it-yourself and household products. This was combined with hospital sample data for injuries involving each product, to yield the risk-of-injury-per-hour-of-use. Powered cutting equipment, access equipment (ladders and scaffolding) and products with sharp blades were shown to have a comparatively high risk, along with cycles, sunbeds, creosote, cement, car jacks and exercise weights. Perceived risk was shown to be a poor basis for priority setting, but a practical guide to priority for preventive action can be provided by "mapping" products on a plot of the risk of injury per hour of use vs the total medical costs of such accidents.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1993

The human cytomegalovirus 86K immediate early (IE) 2 protein requires the basic region of the TATA-box binding protein (TBP) for binding, and interacts with TBP and transcription factor TFIIB via regions of IE2 required for transcriptional regulation.

The 86K immediate early (IE) 2 protein of human cytomegalovirus trans-activates a number of homologous and heterologous promoters, including the cellular promoter for the 70K heat-shock protein (hsp70), and the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. We have previously shown that IE2 trans-activates these two promoters in a TATA-dependent manner, and that IE2 is able to form a direct contact with TATA-box binding protein (TBP) in vitro. We now show that IE2 binds to the basic repeat region of TBP. In addition IE2 can contact a second general transcription factor, TFIIB. We have mapped the TBP- and TFIIB-binding regions within IE2 and show that these regions overlap, and also lie within parts of the protein previously identified as being required for the trans-activation and autoregulation functions of IE2.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Fatal home accidents--a product database.

A computer-based "Home Accident Deaths Database" has been developed to permit analysis of the consumer products and articles or features of the home involved in fatal domestic accidents in England and Wales. It makes use of information already recorded for other purposes, which is either manually coded or converted by computer to a standard format. Rapid interrogation and analysis (in the form of tables or easily readable case listings) is possible, and the format of the database permits direct comparison with statistics for nonfatal hospital-treated accidents recorded by the Home Accident Surveillance System. Such comparison reveals considerable differences between the products and articles most frequently involved in fatal accidents and those most common in nonfatal cases, so that neither provides an adequate indication of hazards on its own. There are some limitations, including a variation in the level of detail recorded between different types of accident, less than perfect matching of sources for deaths in fires, and a long delay in getting cases onto the database, but with the experience that has now been gained it is hoped to develop a new reporting system that will overcome these problems and will, additionally, cover "leisure" accidents.

Accidents, Home↗