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Biomedical subjects

G Hartmann

Publications and source records attributed to G Hartmann.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Sources for Pu in near surface air.

This paper provides evidence that most of the Pu in the near surface air today is due to resuspension. Vertical and particle size distribution in near surface air over a period of three years were measured. The seasonal variations of Pu in air and the influence of meteorological parameters on these variations are shown. Samples were taken before the Chernobyl accident in an area where only Pu fallout from the atmospheric nuclear tests of the early sixties occurs. The comparison of the behavior of Pu with other trace elements, which were also measured, showed similar behavior of Pu and elements like Ca, Ti and Fe in near surface air. This confirms that most Pu is resuspended because the main source for these elements in air is the soil surface. Resuspension factors and resuspension rate are estimated for all measured elements. A resuspension factor of 0.8 X 10(-8) m-1 and a resuspension rate of 0.09 X 10(-9) s-1 is calculated for Pu.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1988

[Morbid obesity. Our results with the appetite-depressing stomach balloon].

Morbid obesity still remains a controversial topic with varied therapeutic approaches. In cases of unsuccessful conservative management we implant a gastric balloon or bubble. 30 balloons have been introduced in 24 patients with a mean age of 43 years (26-68 y.) and a mean body weight of 115 kg (87-160 kg). Mean overweight was 47 kg. The balloons were introduced immediately after gastroscopy performed to identify possible contraindications. Except in the initial 3 patients this procedure was carried out in the outpatient clinic. 25 silicon mammary prostheses were implanted until a special balloon (Ballobes-Balloon) became available for the last 5 cases. Implantation and follow-up has been uneventful in all cases. Our data suggest that a combination of this approach with close dietary management provides more efficient and rapid weight reduction than any diet alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Perforation of the pulmonary artery during the insertion of a Swan-Ganz catheter].

An accidental rupture of the pulmonary artery in a 77 year old female patient is reported. She was admitted for total mastectomy, but her past medical history revealed an old myocardial infarct, treated arterial hypertension and asthma. She was under heparin as well for her varicose veins. Her clinical examination revealed a patient in mild chronic heart failure. It was therefore decided to carry out invasive monitoring during surgery and the recovery period. A Swan-Ganz catheter was put up. Its progression was controlled by looking at the pressure curves. Several attempts were made to obtain a wedge pressure, with no success. During these attempts, the patient developed a cough followed by massive haemoptysis. Despite adequate resuscitative measures, the patient died before a surgical procedure could be attempted. Postmortem examination showed the rupture to be 9 cm away from the origin of the pulmonary artery. This unfortunate accident confirmed that the following three factors, all present in this patient, should call for extreme care in the setting-up of Swan-Ganz catheters: age greater than 60 years, pulmonary arterial hypertension and anticoagulant therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Perforation of the pulmonary artery following Swan-Ganz catheterization].

Pulmonary arterial rupture due to the use of a Swan-Ganz catheter is a rare accident, with an estimated 2% incidence rate. It is fatal in almost 50% of cases. Predisposing factors are age greater than 60 years, pulmonary arterial hypertension and anticoagulant treatment. In patients older than 60 years, changes in the arterial wall increase the risk of rupture; pulmonary hypertension leads to too distal a movement of the catheter, and a concomitant treatment with anticoagulant drugs increases the amount of blood lost. Handling errors when setting up the catheter are often the cause of these accidents, especially a balloon too blown up and a catheter pushed too far. A subsequent movement of the catheter can be a cause of rupture during cardiac surgery. Haemoptysis is the major symptom of this accident, being found in 90% of cases. It can however be of minor importance; if it is ignored, this can lead to a secondary overwhelming haemorrhage. The haemorrhage can be life-threatening because of the cardiovascular collapse and acute respiratory failure by asphyxia. The treatment can only be carried out in intensive care. It will depend on the severity of the accident. It can go from an expectant wait after partial or total removal of the catheter, to an emergency thoracotomy for vascular suture, segmentectomy or even lobectomy. Intermediate measures include turning the patient onto the healthy side, injecting adrenaline or a clot of the patient's blood by the distal end of the catheter, placing a Fogarty catheter in the affected bronchus, or tracheal intubation with a double-lumen catheter and using mechanical ventilation with PEEP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Results of early operation of acute cholecystitis].

Acute cholecystitis is a frequent complication of cholelithiasis. Patients in advanced age are more often affected than others. Early operation has been widely accepted for treatment of acute cholecystitis, as it has proved to be effective as prophylaxis against perforation, sepsis, recurrent inflammation, and long-term sequels, such as enterocolic fistulae and abscesses. It should be acceptable to everyone, provided short-time individual preparation. Patients in advanced age are likely to draw particular benefit from no-delay surgery, since soon removal of the source of inflammation as well as short-time immobilisation and hospitalisation are good prerequisites for soon, definite healing. Operations for acute cholecystitis were performed von 257 patients, between 1977 and 1987. They accounted for 8.4 per cent of 3,059 gall surgery patients during the period under review. The lethality rate associated with early operations amounted to 1.6 per cent and was thus slightly below overall gall surgery lethality of 1.9 per cent during that period.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Hypertrophy, androgens, and tendon karyometry: functional and experimental investigations.

The aim of the present experimental study is to investigate the functional behaviour of cell nuclei in tendon tissue. For this purpose semithin sections of tendons excised from mice subjected to treadmill exercise are analysed quantitatively to establish the number of cell nuclei of tendinoblasts. The number of nuclei per volume unit of tendon tissue, nuclear size, and the behaviour of these parameters in relation to tendon calibre are determined functionally. Particular attention is given to the question--interesting both from the clinical point of view and with regard to sportsmedicine--whether the use of a synthetic androgen has any harmful effect on tendon tissue: According to the findings of the present study, a dramatic decrease in nuclear density is likely to be of pathogenetic relevance to the occurrence of collagen dysplasia.

Androgens↗
PubMed1987

Recognition of hierarchically encoded images by technical and biological systems.

All the contours and regions of objects can be mapped to code-trees of the Hierarchical Structure Code (HSC). Invariant features like structure classes, shape descriptions, or relations between structures and components may be easily extracted from the HSC. HSC-based pattern recognition provides a straightforward transition between the signal-space of the image and the space of its symbolic representation. Physiological data are well predicted and do not exclude an implementation of an HSC-based system within the visual cortex.

Cybernetics↗
PubMed1987

Gold colitis induced by auranofin treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: case report and review of the literature.

A case of ulcerative colitis occurred during treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with the new oral gold preparation auranofin after a cumulative dose of 2160 mg. A barium enema showed loss of mucosal pattern and a rectal biopsy disclosed deep erosions, mucosal inflammation, and crypt abscesses. Precipitates of gold were seen in the periglandular stroma. On electron microscopy the gold deposits seemed to be identical to granules described in gold nephropathy. As the extrapolated serum gold level was within the normal range at the onset of the complication, the morphological findings suggested a local toxicity of the drug. The patient recovered within 14 days of withdrawal of auranofin and the start of therapy with sulphasalazine and steroids. A review of the published work shows that the previously reported mortality in gold colitis of 40% has decreased in recent years. The causes of this decrease may be both the earlier diagnosis of gold colitis and the improved intensive care of its severe complications.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

Correlation between blood pressure and the level of monoamines in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebral haemorrhage. Case reports.

The correlation between the noradrenalin (NA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from the cerebro-ventricular space and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) of two patients with cerebral haemorrhage were investigated. Significant correlation was found between CSF NA, CSF DA level and systolic BP in case I. There was no correlation between CSF catecholamine levels and diastolic BP and between serotonin level and BP. Significant correlation was observed in case II between CSF DA level and diastolic BP. There was no correlation between CSF serotonin level and BP. These results suggest that CSF catecholamines might play some role in the regulation of BP.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Results of the treatment of bleeding gastroduodenal ulcer].

Treatment was applied to 243 patients for bleeding gastro-duodenal ulcer, over a period of ten years. In recent years, conventional radiographic diagnosis has been replaced by emergency gastroscopy. Particular importance is attributed to surgical therapy. Prognosis of bleeding ulcer is substantively affected by intensity of bleeding, age of patient, and multi-morbidity. Therapeutic early elective surgery has so far yielded the best results. The overall lethality of 20.5 per cent included 19.2 per cent after conservative therapy and 21.9 per cent following surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Intravenous high-dose short-term fibrinolysis in myocardial infarct. Experiences with 60 patients].

Sixty patients with suspected myocardial infarction were treated in an open study with intravenous high-dose streptokinase (1.5 million U in 70 min). The average delay between onset of pain and fibrinolysis was 270 min. Reperfusion parameters were fast resolution of pain, rapid decline of ST elevation, arrhythmias and early CK peak. 27 patients were judged on the basis of these criteria as successfully reperfused, 13 as questionable and 20 as failures. Adverse events were 6 hypotensive episodes, 3 hypertensive phases, 2 interruptions due to flush, 1 chill, and 7 minor bleeding episodes. During follow-up there were 2 early deaths from cardiogenic shock. 58 patients were followed for 6-41 months, during which 4 died, 17 had a coronary angiogram and 6 were treated by bypass operation. 35 patients were able to work full-time and 7 half-time. Intravenous high-dose fibrinolysis is harmless and can be done in community hospitals.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Phage lysis typing and epidemiology of diphtheria 1975-1984].

Phage typing of the available diphtheria strains from epidemics and isolated diphtheria infections in the Federal Republic of Germany since 1975 showed that the various waves of the disease were caused by pathogenic strains which differed from each other in lysis type and lysogenetic spectrum. The individual regional outbreaks, therefore, were not epidemiologically interlinked. Both a high incidence of diphtheria cases and isolated cases occurring in a particular region and within the same time period, however, were caused by the same pathogen with identical lysis type and lysogenetic pattern. On the other hand, the toxinogenic strains introduced from countries with a high prevalence of the disease had clearly different typing characteristics. According to our present studies on the incidence of pathogen carriers, no toxin-producing diphtheria bacteria are circulating in the indigenous population. It can be assumed, therefore, that the outbreaks of diphtheria during the last few years were caused by such imported strains. Since the importation of toxin-producing diphtheria bacteria is unavoidable and may occur at all times, universal active immunisation in childhood, as well as timely revaccination of adolescents and adults, are mandatory prophylactic measures to prevent new epidemics.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1986

Testosterone application influences sympathetic activity of intracardiac nerves in non-trained and trained mice.

Application of testosterone and/or physical exercise causes degenerative and then regenerative patterns of intracardiac sympathetic neurons. Observations in 3 stages (1, 3 and 6 weeks) illustrate the adaptative changes of sympathetic neurons as a response to these stimuli and show that the effects following testosterone application or physical exercise are comparable. Ultrastructural investigations indicate that the sympathetic neurons are more sensitive to testosterone than to physical exercise. The combination of testosterone plus training indicates overlapping effects of these two stimuli. The system of adrenergic nerve fibers seems to be overstimulated. Its reaction pattern is found not only to depend on time but also on the intensity of the stimuli.

Adrenergic Fibers↗