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Biomedical subjects

G Hall

Publications and source records attributed to G Hall.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Nasopalatine duct cyst.

A retrospective and follow-up study of 35 cases of nasopalatine cysts was performed. The retrospective part of the investigation comprised clinical, radiological and histological observations including pre-, intra- and post-operative findings. The follow-up included clinical and radiological observations. The results indicated that most cysts are found during routine clinical and radiological examination. Subjective and objective clinical symptoms were reported in 50% and 59% of the cases, respectively, the most common being swelling and pain. It was not possible to confirm any specific etiological factor. In 97% of the cases, maximum cyst diameter varied between 1.0-2.5 cm and 84% appeared round or ovoid. Histological examination revealed a high frequency of cuboidal and/or columnar epithelial lining, 2-3 cell layers thick, in combination with an adjacent zone of hyalinized capsular tissue with low-grade inflammation. Radiologically these cases exhibited a well-defined cortical border. In the follow-up study, 84% of the patients exhibited complete clinical healing with no objective or subjective symptoms. Complete bone regeneration was seen radiologically within 3 years in 82% of the cases examined. The results of the present study were compared to those obtained in previous reports.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Emigration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes into the intestinal lumen of the neonatal piglet in response to challenge with K88-positive Escherichia coli.

The emigration of neutrophils from the blood of neonatal piglets into the intestinal lumen in response to a K88-positive strain of Escherichia coli was investigated. The pig herd used was of known genetic susceptibility to K88-positive E coli and had recently experienced an outbreak of neonatal diarrhoea. Neutrophil emigration depended on certain factors. Neutrophils emigrated into ligated loops in susceptible piglets sucking immune colostrum from susceptible dams but not into loops in colostrum deprived resistant piglets or piglets sucking non-immune colostrum from resistant dams. In susceptible, colostrum deprived piglets neutrophils in intestinal contents were only associated with severe lesions. Large numbers of neutrophils which appeared at several foci on the villi were observed in three of six resistant piglets that sucked immune colostrum from susceptible dams. It was concluded that neutrophil emigration into the intestinal lumen of piglets could occur in response to K88-positive E coli and resulted not from the presence or absence of the intestinal K88-receptor but from the ingestion of immune colostrum.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lymphoma arising in an adenolymphoma.

A malignant lymphoma that originated in association with an adenolymphoma (Warthin's tumor) of the parotid salivary gland is reported. The occurrence of lymphomas in salivary glands is discussed briefly.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMed1985

Response-reinforcer associations after caudate-putamen lesions in the rat: spatial discrimination and overshadowing-potentiation effects in instrumental learning.

Experiment 1 demonstrated that rats with caudate-putamen lesions show an impairment in the acquisition and reversal of a spatial maze task when compared with unoperated control subjects. Experiment 2 examined lever-press responding supported by a variable interval schedule in three groups of subjects: a group with caudate-putamen lesions, a group with lesions of the posterior cortex, and an unoperated control group. The presentation of a 0.5-s, response-contingent light correlated with reinforcement generated an elevated response rate in the two operated groups but tended to suppress responding in the control group, perhaps by overshadowing the response-reinforcer relation. Only the group with cortical lesions maintained the elevated rate when the light was uncorrelated with food delivery. Experiment 3 confirmed for these same subjects that caudate-putamen lesions produce a spatial learning deficit. No deficit was seen in the posterior cortex group. It is suggested that caudate-putamen lesions disrupt the mechanism underlying the response-reinforcer association upon which spatial maze learning and free operant responding in part depend.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Furazolidone residues in chicken and swine tissues after feeding trials.

Broiler chickens and swine fed furazolidone in their diet were sacrificed, and samples of liver, kidney, skin/fat and muscle were harvested and analyzed for furazolidone residue. Chickens fed 200 g of furazolidone/ton of feed were withdrawn from treatment 21, 14, 7, 5, 3, or 0 days before slaughter. Birds withdrawn from medication more than 5 days prior to slaughter had no residues in any of the tissues sampled. One of the 12 birds in each of the 5 day and 3 day withdrawal groups had detectable residues in the skin/fat. Seven of the 12 birds in the 0 day withdrawal group had residues of less than 2 ppb in skin/fat samples. Chickens fed 400 g furazolidone/ton of feed were withdrawn from treatment 0 days before slaughter. Residues of 0.7 to 3.5 ppb were found in the skin of these birds; residues were not found in other tissues. Swine were fed 300 g furazolidone/ton of feed for 2 weeks or 150 g/ton for 5 weeks. They were withdrawn from treatment 10, 7, 5, 3, or 0 days before slaughter. Tissue samples taken from these swine did not contain detectable furazolidone residues.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Early plasma protein and mineral changes after surgery: a two stage process.

Sequential changes in albumin, transferrin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, C reactive protein, fibrinogen, copper, iron, and zinc in plasma up to 24 h after hysterectomy were measured. No increases in the concentrations of the acute phase proteins alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, C reactive protein, and fibrinogen were observed until 6 h after the skin incision. These increases were preceded by significant falls at 2-4 h, and this was shown also by albumin, transferrin, iron, zinc, and copper. The ratios of iron and zinc to their binding proteins, transferrin and albumin, did not decrease until 4-6 h and their concentrations remained low for at least 24 h. These patterns suggest that at least two mechanisms operate after trauma. The early fall in the concentrations of the proteins in plasma is consistent with a prompt increase in microvascular permeability. The later decrease in binding of the metals iron and zinc to their transport proteins and the increase in concentrations of the acute phase proteins could be initiated by a common mediator.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Cadmium content of whole blood of inhabitants from various regions of Bavaria].

The blood Cd-concentration of 670 inhabitants of cities and rural districts (386 children, 175 men and 109 women) was measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The cadmium levels ranged from 0.3 micrograms Cd/1 to 7.3 micrograms Cd/1 blood with a median value of 0.9 micrograms Cd/1. Splitting up the whole collective according to the different living areas, the inhabitants of München, Neustadt and Nürnberg suburbs showed medians between 0.8 and 0.9 micrograms Cd/l blood. Higher medians (1.4 and 1.2 micrograms/l blood) have been calculated for the people living in Weiden and Nürnberg central area. The measured levels and medians correspond with the results of the newer national and international literature. There is no correlation of cadmium levels in blood and age or sex. The median for non smoking women and for children comes to 0.9 and for non smoking men to 0.8 micrograms Cd/l blood. The cadmium concentrations in blood are significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. The group of nonsmokers shows a median of 0.9 micrograms Cd/l, for smokers consuming 20 cigarettes or less a day there is a median of 1.7 micrograms Cd/l while the group smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day has a median value of 2.50 micrograms Cd/l. Except one value all levels higher than 2.50 micrograms Cd/l belong to the group of smokers. The feasibility of blood cadmium analysis for biological screening of population with regard to environmental exposure is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Gentamicin and tobramycin penetration into burn eschar. Pharmacokinetics and microbiological effects.

This study was designed to determine whether intravenously administered gentamicin sulfate and tobramycin sulfate penetrate into the eschar of patients with severe burns. In addition, each antibiotic's pharmacokinetics in serum and the effect on eschar microbiology were determined. Twenty patients with suspected burn wound sepsis received either gentamicin or tobramycin. The microbiology of the baseline eschar was determined and repeated on days 2, 4, and 7. All patients had measurable aminoglycoside tissue concentrations, and elimination from serum was not unusually rapid. Thirteen patients had baseline eschar cultures positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Serratia marcescens; eight patients were initially bacteremic. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were sensitive to both antibiotics and usually declined in concentration with time or were eliminated; the more drug-resistant isolates of S marcescens persisted or caused super-infection and bacteremia. Aminoglycoside antibiotics penetrate into burn eschar and appear to have a substantial effect on eschar microbiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cefamandole-aminoglycoside therapy of experimental enterococcal endocarditis.

Cephalosporin-aminoglycoside therapy of human enterococcal endocarditis has been associated with a high incidence of clinical failure. The comparative efficacy of three cephalosporin antibiotics (cefamandole, cefazolin, and cephalothin), in combination with gentamicin, was studied in a rabbit model of enterococcal endocarditis. The cefamandole-gentamicin combination produced higher rates of cure, despite the administration of comparatively lower doses. Studies of antibiotic penetration into a fibrin thrombus indicated that cefamandole penetrated the thrombus readily. The greater efficacy of the cefamandole-gentamicin combination may be related to the superior penetration of cefamandole into the fibrin-rich vegetations of endocarditis.

Aminoglycosides↗