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Biomedical subjects

G H Friedell

Publications and source records attributed to G H Friedell.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

An assessment of the impact of urine cytology screening using a computer-based model of bladder cancer.

Utilizing a computer-based model of bladder cancer, the applications of various urine cytology screening strategies are assessed. Outcomes for patients diagnosed by screening with respect to numbers of cases diagnosed, mean length of life, and numbers of cancer deaths are compared with a similar population of patients diagnosed after the development of symptoms. Diagnostic and treatment modality costs can be used to predict the cost per man-year of life extension afforded by a screening program.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pathology of primary tumors and axillary lymph nodes in British and Japanese women with breast cancer.

Histopathologic features of the primary tumor and axillary lymph nodes from 97 consecutive patients with breast cancer from Japan were compared with those from 164 patients from England. Between the two groups, there were statistically significant differences in the morphology of the primary tumors regarding nuclear grade and patterns of tumor infiltration. In axillary lymph nodes, sinus histiocytosis was much more common in Japanese cases than in British cases, and was related to a diminished frequency of axillary node metastases. Germinal centers were also more common in the nodes of Japanese patients and were similarly associated with diminished frequency of metastases.

Axilla↗
PubMed1983

Long term dose response study of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis.

The effect of dose was evaluated for the bladder carcinogenicity of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT). The chemical was fed to male weanling F344 rats for 30 weeks followed by 74 weeks of control diet. The incidences of bladder carcinoma were 100, 100, 87, 0, 0 and 0% for doses of 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005 and 0.001%, respectively. There was an inverse relationship between dose and latency period. There was no increased incidence of tumors of other tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Long-term fate of 90 patients with superficial bladder cancer randomly assigned to receive or not to receive thiotepa.

We assigned randomly 90 patients treated previously for superficial transitional cell carcinoma to conventional followup or prophylactic treatment. This followup study details the late incidence of recurrence (29 of 45 patients in the prophylactic group and 34 of 45 controls), the progression of tumor grade and stage, the deaths and causes (24 patients), and the influence of initial stage, grade, carcinoma in situ and positive cytology on the outcome of treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Carcinoma of the urinary bladder T3NxMo treated by preoperative irradiation followed by simple cystectomy.

One hundred eighty-three patients with bladder cancer category T3NxMo (the diameter of the primary exceeding 5 cm), were treated by preoperative 40 Gy and simple cystectomy. Using only pretreatment information, the group with the best prognosis was characterized by a T3A-growth with a normal intravenous pyelography, with about a 75% cure rate. Before cystectomy, after irradiation the combination of a clinically assessed radiation-downstaged growth (T40GY less than 3) with normal urography, predicted the best chance of cure at about 80%. After cystectomy was performed, the best prognostic group could be most correctly identified: those patients with both microscopic downstaging of the primary ("P" less than 3) and no vascular invasion in the cystectomy specimen (CV-) combined with normal urography had an 81% chance of cure. This most favorable group constitutes 45% of all patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Scanning electron microscopic features of human urinary bladder cancer.

Biopsies from 17 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were examined by scanning electron microscopy to evaluate surface features of the luminal cells. Pleomorphic microvilli were observed on cells in all cases regardless of tumor grade. Several types of cell surface patterns were observed but variability in appearance increased with grade as did the degree of pleomorphism of the microvilli. Pleomorphic microvilli were not observed in biopsies from two patients without bladder lesions.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Scanning electron microscopic examination of reversible hyperplasia of the rat urinary bladder.

Urinary bladder damage caused by surgical incision, freeze-ulceration, or formalin instillation in male Fischer 344 rats was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The first two methods resulted in focal ulceration of the urinary bladder; the last induced diffuse mucosal damage. With each method, the damage was followed by regenerative hyperplasia and repair, the bladder mucosa returning to normal in 3-4 weeks. Epithelial cells in the hyperplastic areas had ropy microridges and uniform short microvilli on their luminal surfaces as observed by scanning electron microscopy. When the hyperplasia was marked, with nodular and papillary formation, occasional epithelial cells had pleomorphic microvilli on their surfaces. Rats treated either by surgical incision or freeze-ulceration had normal bladders after a 2-year observation period. Combined with results from previous experiments, pleomorphic microvilli are not a marker of neoplasia or irreversibility but appear with marked or prolonged mucosal proliferation even if reversible.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of L-tryptophan and sodium saccharin on urinary tract carcinogenesis initiated by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide.

The effect of sodium saccharin (SAC) or L-tryptophan (LT) on urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated by feeding N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) for 4 weeks as 0.2% of the diet to male F344 weanling rats was evaluated. SAC was fed as 5% of the diet, and LT was 2% of the diet. FANFT fed for 4 weeks followed by 100 weeks of control diet did not produce any carcinomas; one of 25 rats developed a bladder papilloma. Of 26 rats fed SAC for 100 weeks after FANFT, two developed papillomas, and five developed carcinomas (p less than 0.03). Of 26 rats fed LT for 100 weeks after FANFT, three developed papillomas, and two developed carcinomas (p greater than 0.1) Eight rats fed FANFT for 72 weeks all developed bladder carcinomas, but rats fed control diet alone, control diet with SAC, or control diet with LT did not develop any bladder tumors. Scanning electron microscopic examination of Week 104 of the experiment showed the presence of pleomorphic microvilli on the bladder surface of some rats fed SAC of LT whether following 4 weeks of control diet alone or 4 weeks of FANFT. Four weeks of FANFT feeding, a lower dose than used previously in our studies, appears to be a subcarcinogenic level. Under these experimental conditions, the promoting activity of SAC is demonstrated with statistical significance. The results with LT were not statistically significant.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Scanning electron microscopy of cyclophosphamide-induced hyperplasia of the rat urinary bladder.

Urinary bladder damage caused by cyclophosphamide in male F344 rats was studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and autoradiography. Cyclophosphamide was injected intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 mg. per kg. of body weight, and rats were killed at several intervals following treatment. Extensive necrosis of the bladder was followed by regenerative hyperplasia of the epithelium. A dose response was evident in the number and size of lesions induced and the time of regeneration and repair. Scanning electron microscopy disclosed pleomorphic microvilli on the luminal surface of cells during the early phases of hyperplasia. The greatest number of cells with pleomorphic microvilli occurred 2, 5 and 7 to 8 days following injection of 75, 100, and 200 mg. per kg. of cyclophosphamide, respectively. The hyperplastic lesions also had cells with short, uniform microvilli and ropy or leafy microridges on their surfaces. Autoradiographs of the urinary bladders showed marked labeling of epithelial cells in the early phase of hyperplasia. Of the few rats surviving beyond 1 year after a single injection, none had bladder lesions at any of the dose levels. The changes in the epithelium observed by scanning electron microscopy following cyclophosphamide injection were compared to those observed during bladder carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of dose on urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced in F344 rats by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide.

Because of the utility of the N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) rat model in the study of bladder cancer, the effect of dose on FANFT-induced bladder carcinogenesis was evaluated. Weaning male F344 rats were given FANFT in the diet at doses of 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001, and 0.0005% for 30 weeks and then a control diet for 22 weeks. A control group received only the control diet throughout the experiment. Papillary tumors were present at the higher doses, hyperplasia of various degrees of severly was present at the intermediate doses, and minimal hyperplasia was observed in 4 of 16 rats at the 0.005% dose; no mucosal abnormalities were observed at the two lower doses or in the control group. Bladder epithelium from selected animals was also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after 10 weeks and again at the end of the experiment. Hyperplastic mucosa with pleomorphic microvilli similar to that previously demonstrated for 0.2% FANFT was observed at 10 weeks in rats fed 0.1% FANFT. Hyperplastic mucosa with pleomorphic microvilli was also observed at 52 weeks in rats fed 0.1% and 0.05% FANFT. Hyperplastic mucosa without pleomorphic microvilli was observed in rats fed 0.01 and 0.005% FANFT. The bladder appeared normal by light microscopy and SEM at the two lower doses and in the control group at both the 10- and 52-week intervals. A dose relationship was thus demonstrated for FANFT-induced bladder carcinogenesis in male F344 rats, and more severe surface changes were observed by SEM as the dose increased.

Animals↗