Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G H Friedell

Publications and source records attributed to G H Friedell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Incidence of dysplasia and carcinoma of the uterine cervix in an Appalachian population.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer mortality rates in the Appalachian population of southeastern Kentucky have been shown to be unusually high. To better understand the high cervical cancer death rate in this area, we developed a population-based cervical disease registry. PURPOSE: This study describes the incidence of cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive cervical cancer in 1986 and 1987 among White women in a 36-county area of Appalachian Kentucky based on histologic diagnoses. METHODS: We compared average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for carcinoma in situ and invasive cervical cancer in the study area with those for women in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. RESULTS: The incidence rate of invasive cervical cancer for women in the study area (14.9 per 100,000) was nearly twice that for White women in the SEER population (7.8 per 100,000), but it was similar to that for Black women in the SEER population (15.3 per 100,000). The incidence of carcinoma in situ for women in the study population (38.2 per 100,000) was 21% higher than that for White women (31.5 per 100,000) or for Black women (31.2 per 100,000) in the SEER population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate for all grades of dysplasia among women in the study population was 194.6 per 100,000. No comparable population-based incidence rates for dysplasia could be identified. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical cancer incidence rates are higher in Appalachian Kentucky than in the SEER population. Poverty appears to be a factor associated with these rates. IMPLICATIONS: Low-density populations such as those in rural Appalachia deserve greater attention in cancer control research. The population-based cervical dysplasia rates reported here may be useful for comparisons in future investigations.

Appalachian Region↗
PubMed1992

Treated history of noninvasive grade 1 transitional cell carcinoma. The National Bladder Cancer Group.

A total of 178 patients with grade 1 noninvasive (stage Ta) bladder tumors followed from 1 to 10 years (median 58 months) was prospectively evaluated by cystoscopy, transurethral resection, mucosal biopsies, cytology, size and number of tumors at diagnosis, recurrences, progression in grade and stage, number of negative or positive cystoscopies and death from all causes. Histopathological and cytological studies were confirmed by a Central Pathology Laboratory using the criteria for grade 1 as described previously. Of the patients 122 (68.5%) had a single tumor. Three-quarters of the patients had tumors of less than 2 cm., 95% had mild or no urothelial dysplasia and 1 had positive cytology results. There were 419 recurrent tumors in 109 patients (61%). Patients with multiple tumors were at a significantly greater risk for recurrences (p < 0.001). Size of tumor significantly affected the rate of recurrence in the first 2 years after initial diagnosis in single tumor patients only. Of the multiple tumor patients 90% experienced a recurrence compared to 46% of the single tumor patients. Of the 1,112 cystoscopies performed in 122 single tumor patients 18% were positive, compared to 33% of the 686 cystoscopies performed in 56 multiple tumor patients. A total of 29 patients had a change in grade, 5 having grade 3 and 24 having grade 2 tumors. Progression to stage T1 occurred in 5 patients and to stage T2 or greater in 3. Of the 36 patients who died, 1 died of obstruction due to bladder cancer. Experimental evidence supports the opinion that the cells of stage Ta, grade 1 tumors are different in several ways from normal urothelium. There are little data to support the use of the term papilloma to describe stage Ta, grade 1 tumors without reservation. The data demonstrate that the tumor diathesis being expressed ceases with time and for unknown reasons. Multiple tumor patients with stage Ta, grade 1 disease might be included in chemotherapy trials only with stratification and a control arm of transurethral resection/fulguration alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Breast cancer in English and Japanese women: prognostic significance of sinus histiocytosis and germinal center hyperplasia in axillary lymph nodes.

A prospective study of comparable Japanese and British breast cancer patients treated by radical mastectomy confirmed previously reported findings that sinus histiocytosis and germinal center hyperplasia are more frequently seen in axillary lymph nodes from Japanese than in those from British patients. In Japanese, but not British, cases of either of these two morphologic findings had favorable prognostic significance for recurrence. Sinus histiocytosis also had favorable prognostic significance in Japanese cases for five year survival. In a separate review of axillary nodes from Japanese autopsy cases sinus histiocytosis was absent, suggesting that this finding in Japanese breast cancer cases was related to presence of the disease.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Effect of dose on urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced in F344 rats by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide.

Because of the utility of the N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) rat model in the study of bladder cancer, the effect of dose on FANFT-induced bladder carcinogenesis was evaluated. Weaning male F344 rats were given FANFT in the diet at doses of 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001, and 0.0005% for 30 weeks and then a control diet for 22 weeks. A control group received only the control diet throughout the experiment. Papillary tumors were present at the higher doses, hyperplasia of various degrees of severly was present at the intermediate doses, and minimal hyperplasia was observed in 4 of 16 rats at the 0.005% dose; no mucosal abnormalities were observed at the two lower doses or in the control group. Bladder epithelium from selected animals was also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after 10 weeks and again at the end of the experiment. Hyperplastic mucosa with pleomorphic microvilli similar to that previously demonstrated for 0.2% FANFT was observed at 10 weeks in rats fed 0.1% FANFT. Hyperplastic mucosa with pleomorphic microvilli was also observed at 52 weeks in rats fed 0.1% and 0.05% FANFT. Hyperplastic mucosa without pleomorphic microvilli was observed in rats fed 0.01 and 0.005% FANFT. The bladder appeared normal by light microscopy and SEM at the two lower doses and in the control group at both the 10- and 52-week intervals. A dose relationship was thus demonstrated for FANFT-induced bladder carcinogenesis in male F344 rats, and more severe surface changes were observed by SEM as the dose increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Promoting effect of saccharin and DL-tryptophan in urinary bladder carcinogenesis.

The existence of at least two stages in bladder carcinogenesis was evaluated in male Fischer rats using N-[14-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) fed for six weeks at a level of 0.2% of the diet as the initiator. Sodium saccharin and DL-tryptophan were fed at levels of 5 and 2% of the diet, respectively, as possible promoting chemicals, and they were fed either immediately after FANFT administration or after six weeks of FANFT plus six weeks of control diet. All surviving rats were killed at the end of two years. Both chemicals significantly increased the incidence of bladder tumors following FANFT feeding compared to six weeks of FANFT feeding followed by control diet, and the results were similar whether saccharin or tryptophan feeding was started immediately after FANFT feeding was concluded or after a six-week delay. Saccharin was considerably more potent as a promoting agent than was tryptophan, inducing higher incidences of bladder tumors and having a shorter latent period. Long-term administration of FANFT induced a 100% incidence of bladder cancer. Sequential epithelial changes were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as by light microscopy. Pleomorphic microvilli were present on the superficial cells of all tumors examined and on the surface cells of hyperplastic bladder epithelium after six weeks of FANFT plus six weeks of saccharin, but not after six weeks of FANFT and six weeks of control diet. Rats fed only saccharin tryptophan, or control diet did not have bladder tumors or pleomorphic microvilli on bladder epithelium. These data suggest that saccharin and tryptophan might act as tumor-promoting agents during bladder carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Current concepts of the aetiology, pathogenesis and pathology of bladder cancer.

Attention is directed to the information currently available on the pathogenesis of human bladder cancer. The continuum between carcinoma, carcinoma-in-situ and other epithelial abnormalities is noted. Pre-neoplastic lesions are defined as irreversible but not necessarily progressive, and a possible morphologic marker for pre-neoplasia seen with scanning electron microscopy is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The influence of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-Furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide and phenacetin on the immune status in male Fischer rats.

The effect of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANTF) and phenacetin on the immune status of Fischer rats was determined utilizing the spleen plaque and phytohemagglutinin blastogenesis assays 6, 10, and 15 weeks after administration at doses of 0.2 per cent and 0.535 per cent, respectively. Azathioprine (0.02 per cent of the diet) was tested as a known immunosuppressive chemical for comparison, and a negative control group, fed a control diet without added chemicals, was also tested. Immunosuppression was shown in the rats receiving azathioprine at all times by both assays, whereas in FANFT-fed rats immunosuppression was greater than in the control group (not statistically significant). Results from rats fed phenacetin were not significantly different than those of the control group. These results show that immunosuppression does not occur in rats administered phenacetin for up to 15 weeks, nor in FANFT-induced bladder carcinogenesis at the time of reversible bladder mucosal hyperplasia (6 weeks), or when the mucosal lesions have become irreversible, non-invasive carcinomas (10 and 15 weeks).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Topography and numerical densities of intramembrane particles in chemical carcinogen-induced urinary bladder carcinomas in Fischer rats.

Integral membrane proteins are visualized as intramembrane particles (IMP) at the cleaved surfaces of freeze-fractured plasma membranes. Topographical distributions of the IMP of the urinary bladder epithelial cells membranes in normal Fischer rat bladder and noninvasive and invasive N-(4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl)formamide (FANFT)-induced bladder tumors are shown to be significantly different. Using several statistical methods that test IMP topography vis-a-vis the Poisson (random) hypothesis, it is demonstrated that IMP are mathematically randomly distributed in the large majority of plasma membranes of cells in normal rat bladder epithelium and in invasive N-(4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl)formamide tumors. In noninvasive rat bladder carcinomas, IMP are in a lattice-like arrangement in half of the tumor cells and randomly distributed in the remainder. IMP numerical densities are also altered in the course of neoplastic transformation. IMP are equally increased above control values in both noninvasive and invasive N-(4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl)formamide tumors. Although transformation into noninvasive tumors is associated with increased numbers of IMP, there is no evidence that this parameter is specifically related to tumor biologic behavior in this model system.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Bladder cancer as seen in giant histologic sections.

Giant sections from cystectomy specimens in 45 cases of bladder cancer were examined microscopically after en bloc fixation and processing. There were 35 transitional cell, seven squamous cell, and three mixed transitional cell and squamous carcinomas. Broad front invasion was associated with papillary and superficial tumors while tentacular invasion was associated with solid tumors and a generally poorer prognosis. Carcinoma in situ merged with the invasive cancer in 33 cases, and neoplasia in these cases tended to be multifocal. In 10 cases there was no carcinoma in situ next to the invasive lesion, and the cancer was unifocal. These findings support the concept that there may be two pathogenetic types of bladder cancer, one arising in an extensive field of abnormal epithelium and one arising in a focal area of abnormality. The findings also underscore the importance in clinical management of selected mucosal biopsies adjacent to the site of any visible bladder tumors.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗