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Biomedical subjects

G Goodman

Publications and source records attributed to G Goodman.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Intraaortic balloon pump insertion: a randomized study comparing percutaneous and surgical techniques.

To compare the percutaneous and surgical techniques of intraaortic balloon pump insertion, 101 patients referred for this procedure were randomly assigned to either percutaneous or surgical insertion. Insertion using the designated technique was successful in 45 (88%) of 51 patients with percutaneous insertion and 48 (96%) of 50 patients with surgical insertion (difference not statistically significant). The time from the beginning of the insertion procedure to the initiation of counterpulsation was 13 +/- 8 minutes for the percutaneous technique versus 31 +/- 16 minutes for the surgical technique (p less than 0.001). In the percutaneous group, 10 patients required Fogarty thrombectomy after balloon pump removal, and 1 patient developed severe leg ischemia requiring immediate termination of balloon pump support. In the surgical group, one patient developed leg ischemia requiring surgical intervention, three patients developed sepsis with bacteremia (including one patient who required vein patch repair of the femoral artery), one patient developed a wound infection requiring debridement and one patient had a cerebral embolus. Aortic dissection, aortoiliac perforation or amputation did not occur in either group. Major vascular complications occurred in 11 patients (22%) with percutaneous insertion versus 2 patients (4%) with surgical insertion (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that although the percutaneous technique for intraaortic balloon pump insertion is faster than the surgical technique and is technically easy, it is associated with a higher incidence of vascular complications.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1986

The gonadotropic-axis involvement in the course of the filial following response in the domestic fowl chick.

The detachment process of the domestic chick from its mother, or any other imprinting object occurs between the sixth and tenth week after hatching. The present study (Experiment I), examines whether the detachment process parallels endocrine events that precede prepuberty. Immediately upon hatching, groups of heavy strain chicks were imprinted to a colored foam rubber ball for 72 hours. The bond between these chicks and the imprinting object was then tested, and plasma LH and testosterone were assayed once a week until the chicks were 10 weeks of age; the sexual development of chicks of the same strain was studied at the same time. At the outset of the detachment period (5-7 weeks) an increase in plasma testosterone and a decrease in plasma LH was found. In addition, the comb and testes showed a definite weight increase while the bursa of Fabricius showed a significant decline in weight. In Experiment II, the beginning of the detachment process was induced by injecting 3 to 4 week old chicks with testosterone-propionate, estradiol-benzoate and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Our evidence therefore appears to demonstrate that testosterone and its metabolites induce the detachment process by the same mechanism used to stimulate sexual behavior in juvenile chicks.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Spontaneous remission of solar keratoses: the case for conservative management.

One thousand and forty people aged 40 years and over, 616 (59.2%) of whom had solar keratoses, were followed for 12 months. Two hundred and twenty-four people (36.4%) had a spontaneous remission of at least one of their solar keratoses. A total of 485 lesions (25.9%) underwent spontaneous remission out of the 1873 lesions that were present at the first examination of these 224 people. There was no significant difference between the number of lesions present at the initial examination in those who had a spontaneous remission compared with those who did not. There was a 21.8% increase in the total number of solar keratoses in the 1040 people studied in the 12-month period, due to new lesions forming at the same time as remissions were occurring. The incidence rate of squamous cell carcinoma occurring in the people with solar keratoses was 0.24% for each solar keratosis present at the original examination. With a substantial proportion of solar keratoses remitting spontaneously, plus the low rate of malignant transformation and the low potential for metastasis to occur from squamous cell carcinoma arising in a solar keratosis, the rationale of treating all solar keratoses appears questionable.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Distance between the visible copper and cytochrome a in bovine heart cytochrome oxidase.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) at 15 K was used to probe the magnetic interaction between the visible copper CuA2+ and ferric cytochrome a in the carbon monoxide compound of beef heart cytochrome oxidase. At pH 8.6, the midpoint potentials (Em's) for one-electron oxidation of CuA+ and cytochrome a2+ were found to be 195 and 235 mV, respectively. Because the Em of CuA is well below that of cytochrome a under these conditions, the microwave power saturation of CuA could be measured as a function of percentage cytochrome a oxidized. Although progressive power saturation data directly provide only the product of the spin-lattice and transverse relaxation rates delta [1/(T1T2)], Castner's theory for the saturation of inhomogeneously broadened lines [Castner, T.G., Jr. (1959) Phys. Rev. 115 (6), 1506-1515], along with our own theoretical formulation of the dipolar T2, enabled us to determine the change in T1 of CuA due to dipolar relaxation by cytochrome a. The orientation of the principal g values of CuA with respect to those of cytochrome a was evaluated in partially oriented membranous multilayers. When allowance was made for uncertainties in the relative CuA-cytochrome a configuration and in the dipolar axis-magnetic field orientation, a range for the spin-spin distance r was calculated on the basis of the dipolar T1 of the gx component of CuA. This distance range was further restricted by consideration of T1 for the nonunique orientations of CuA giving rise to the gy signal. Only those values of r are possible for which the calculated T1 ratio (gx/gy) is equal to the experimentally determined ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Metal site cooperativity within cytochrome oxidase.

Low temperature (9-15 K) EPR of isolated bovine heart cytochrome oxidase titrated potentiometrically in the presence of azide reveals the formation of two distinct species of low-spin cytochrome a3(III)-azide which differ in redox properties and g values. Both species are formed with characteristic midpoint potentials during the course of oxidative titration and disappear at higher potentials. The signal appearing at lower potential has principal g values 2.88, 2.19, and 1.64; that appearing at higher potential has g values 2.77, 2.18, and 1.74. A good fit to the experimental data (per cent of cytochrome present in a given paramagnetic state versus oxidation potential) was obtained with a model whereby the gz = 2.88 species arises from cytochrome a3(III)-azide with cytochrome a reduced, which is converted to the gz = 2.77 species upon oxidation of cytochrome a. Potentiometric titration of cytochrome oxidase in the presence of cyanide produces two low-spin heme EPR signals attributable to cytochrome a3(III)-cyanide which are incompletely resolved, but are distinguishable nonetheless. The low-potential signal has peak amplitude at gz = 3.63 and a long high-field tail; this resonance has been seen by other workers in the partially reduced enzyme (DerVartanian, D. V., Lee, I. Y., Slater, E. C., and van Gelder, B. F. (1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 347, 321-327). The high-potential signal is much more symmetric about its peak amplitude, which is at approximately 10 G higher field with gz = 3.61. As with the azide complex, the titration behavior in the presence of 2 mM KCN is adequately simulated by assuming that the appearance of the two species is a function of the oxidation state of cytochrome a. Like the a3-azide signals, the a3-cyanide signals disappear upon further oxidation with some characteristic midpoint potential. If the disappearance of the a3-ligand signals with increasing potential is assumed to be the result of antiferromagnetic (or ferromagnetic) coupling of a3(III) (S = 1/2) to CuB(II) (S = 1/2), then cooperativity between cytochrome a and CuB is implied. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidation of cytochrome a raises the midpoint potential of CuB by 55 +/- 10 mV.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Diet, nutrition intake, and metabolism in populations at high and low risk for colon cancer. Relationship of diet to serum lipids.

Serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides of three groups of Seventh-day Adventists (SDAs)--true vegetarians, lacto-ovo vegetarians, and nonvegetarians--and the general population were measured and related to age, sex, and diet. True vegetarian SDAs had the lowest cholesterol levels while cholesterol levels of the other three groups were similar. Triglyceride levels were highest in the true vegetarian SDAs and lowest in general population. Cholesterol levels rose with increasing age while percentage of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol fell. Female SDAs in all three dietary groups had higher cholesterol levels than males. In all four groups percentage of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher in females than in males. In the male subjects, cholesterol levels varied linearly and inversely with carbohydrate intake. Protein and fat intake in true vegetarian SDAs and lacto-ovo vegetarian SDA groups were lower than in the nonvegetarian SDA and general population groups. The differences in protein and fat intake were reflected in elevations in serum cholesterol levels. In the female subjects, cholesterol levels were also inversely correlated with carbohydrate intake but not as distinctly as in the males. True vegetarian SDA females ingested less protein and fat than the other three groups and exhibited lower serum cholesterol levels. Cholesterol levels in lacto-ovo vegetarian SDA, nonvegetarian SDA, and general population female subjects were similar and did not reflect differences in protein or fat intake. The true vegetarian dietary lifestyle resulted in lowest cholesterol levels, however, if it was breeched to the least extent, cholesterol levels rose. Thus, intake of skim, low fat, or whole milk resulted in similar serum cholesterol levels as did low or high egg consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Impact of an engineered physical therapy program for the elderly.

An eight week pilot study was conducted at McDonald Army Hospital, Physical Therapy Clinic, Fort Eustis, Virginia to evaluate the effectiveness of an engineered pool therapy program for resolving the inadequacies of providing the elderly with care which incorporated a total concept of health when staffing was a constraint. It was designed to change misconceptions about aging, create a viable social network through group instructional strategy and improve physical fitness. A small, intact, non-random sample of ten participants was selected for the pilot program. The Palmore "Facts on Aging Quiz" (1977) was administered as pre- and posttests to assess attitudinal changes. Physical measurements of strength, range of motion, flexibility and/or endurance, as applicable, were documented. Calculated pairing of participants based on similar disability but dissimilar age category constituted the key difference between this pool program and a traditional pool program. Results for the original group of participants were analyzed and residual findings were discussed. Statistical analysis revealed significant impact of this program on endurance performance but no difference for attitudinal changes. However, attributing this significant improvement of physical fitness exclusively to the engineered pool program design would be premature. Further investigations using randomized sampling and a control group were recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The effect of supplementation of daylight with artificial light from various sources and at two intensities on the egg production of two lines of geese.

Three light sources: Cool-White (C), Vita-Lite (V), and tungsten (T), each at two intensities (20 or 50 lx), were used to supplement light to 16 hr in a 24-hr cycle for geese maintained in open-shed pens. Two lines of mixed breeds of geese, white and grey, were used and egg production was followed from the 27th week of age through 6 months of the laying period. A significant increase in egg production was found under the C light illumination. At 20 lx, egg production was significantly higher than at 50 lx. No difference in egg production was found between the two lines of geese; however, significant interactions were found between light sources, intensities, and geese lines, as exhibited by different patterns of egg production. Light intensity had the greatest effect until peak egg production had been reached; thereafter, egg production was influenced mainly by the light source.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Thermoneutral zone and resting metabolic rate of growing White Leghorn-type chickens.

1. Metabolic rate was determined once a week in pullets from commercial flocks of the local White Leghorn strain from the age of 1 d to 13 weeks. 2. The equations relating minimal resting metabolic rate and body weight were: for body weights of 40 to 163 g Y = 1.83 W0.986, and for 163 to 1 200 g Y = 11.64 W0.623, where Y = O2 consumption (ml/bird h) and W = body weight (g). 3. The relationship between lower critical temperature (Tcl) and age may be described by two equations: for pullets of 1 to 21 d of age Y = 35 - 0.286 X, and for 21 to 70 d of age Y = 63.3 X-0.254, where Y = Tcl (degrees C) and X = age (d). 4. Tcl related to body weight is also described by two equations: for body weights of 40 to 163 g Y = 42 - 1.18 W0.480, and for 163 to 800 g Y = 42 - 3.60 W0.260. 5. These equations could be used to calculate the Tcl on a day-to-day basis related to age or body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Synergism of dopamine plus furosemide in preventing acute renal failure in the dog.

The protective effects of a combination of dopamine and furosemide were studied in dogs during the initial phase of acute renal failure (ARF) induced by intravenous uranyl nitrate (10 mg/kg). Fifteen minutes after injection of the nephrotoxin, and infusion of dopamine (3 micrograms/kg/min), furosemide (1 mg/kg/bolus followed by 1 mg/kg/hr), or both drugs simultaneously were given for 6 hours. Exogenous creatinine clearance was measured for 6 hours, and the intrarenal blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres before and 3 hours after the induction of ARF. Treatment with both dopamine and furosemide produced renal vasodilatation, high urine flow rate, and attenuation of the fall in GRF seen in untreated animals. In contrast, single use of dopamine or furosemide was totally ineffective in producing renal vasodilation, a diuresis, or the maintenance of the GFR. These data indicate that dopamine plus furosemide have a synergistic effect in preventing the early pathophysiologic changes associated with ARF in this animal model. Maintenance of a high GFR correlated best with the enhancement of solute excretion and urine flow rate. Potential protective effects of dopamine plus furosemide in other models of ARF deserve careful investigation.

Acute Kidney Injury↗