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Biomedical subjects

G Gentile

Publications and source records attributed to G Gentile.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

S-phase evaluation with bromodeoxyuridine in lymphocytes from cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV).

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), an analogue of thymidine, can be detected by means of monoclonal antibodies and utilized as a marker of the S-phase. In this paper a determination of the S-phase in BLV+ cattle with lymphocytosis has been performed by incorporating bromodeoxyuridine in the DNA. This evaluation was compared to the DNA content, demonstrating that i) bromodeoxyuridine incorporation is a reliable marker of S-phase in BLV+ cattle with lymphocytosis and ii) cytofluorimetry is the method of choice, together with immunocytochemistry, to demonstrate bromodeoxyuridine incorporation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects on oral and intestinal microfloras of norfloxacin and pefloxacin for selective decontamination in bone marrow transplant patients.

We monitored the modifications of oral and intestinal microfloras of 10 allogeneic bone marrow recipients who received randomly either norfloxacin or pefloxacin (400 mg three times a day) as selective decontamination for infection prevention. After 1 week of treatment, in all patients members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were no longer detectable and in all but one pefloxacin-treated patient enterococci were also eliminated in the intestine. The anaerobic flora was not affected, with the exception of Bacteroides spp., markedly reduced after treatment with pefloxacin. In most patients the most striking effect was the increase in staphylococcal counts. These strains were found to be resistant to both quinolones in the study. Less consistent changes were observed in oral flora. No relevant difference could be demonstrated between the two regimens on bacterial counts either in feces or in saliva. This study shows the efficacy of both quinolones in eradicating gram-negative bacilli in the alimentary tract of bone marrow transplant patients; however, the finding of the overgrowth of resistant gram-positive organisms during treatment with these agents deserves further evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparative in vitro activities of new fluorinated quinolones and other antibiotics against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus blood isolates from neutropenic patients, and relationship between susceptibility and slime production.

We evaluated the in vitro antibiotic susceptibilities of 31 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates causing septicemia in neutropenic patients undergoing norfloxacin prophylaxis. All the strains but one were resistant to 1 microgram of norfloxacin per ml. At the same concentration, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, imipenem, and pefloxacin were inhibitory for 19 (61%), 19 (61%), 18 (58%), and 14 (45%) of the evaluated strains, respectively. Imipenem had an MBC/MIC ratio of greater than or equal to 32 against 19 (61%) of the evaluated isolates, and resistant subpopulations were detected at 5 micrograms/ml in 16 of 17 oxacillin-resistant strains and in 3 of 14 oxacillin-susceptible or -tolerant strains. Resistance to gentamicin was seen with increased frequency among slime-producing strains.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1989

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Streptococcus species that cause septicemia in neutropenic patients.

Sixty-three consecutive streptococcal blood isolates from neutropenic patients, represented mainly by viridans group streptococci, were evaluated in vitro for antibiotic susceptibility. Of these isolates, 79.3% were highly susceptible to penicillin (MIC, less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml). Overall, imipenem was the most active agent, followed by teicoplanin and vancomycin. All other agents showed decreased activity against streptococcal isolates that were not highly susceptible to penicillin.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1989

Teicoplanin in the treatment of gram-positive-bacterial endocarditis.

Intravenous teicoplanin has been used to treat 23 cases of gram-positive-bacterial endocarditis, usually with 3 to 7 mg/kg every 12 h on the first day, followed by 3 to 7 mg/kg every 24 h. For some cases (staphylococcal and enterococcal endocarditis), the dosage was 8 to 14.4 mg/kg per day and/or other antibiotics were given. The mean duration was 48.2 days (range, 23 to 130 days). Of 23 patients, 21 (91.3%) had negative cultures or were cured. A total of 18 patients were treated with teicoplanin alone; of these, 4 had surgery, and all (except 2 who relapsed) were cured. Teicoplanin was combined with one or more antibiotics in five cases; in all cases appropriate cultures were negative, but three patients died during therapy or follow-up. Mild renal impairment was seen in two patients; both were receiving teicoplanin in combination with an aminoglycoside. We conclude that intravenous teicoplanin administered once a day at doses of 7 to 14 mg/kg per day is well tolerated, easy to administer, and may represent an efficacious therapy for gram-positive-bacterial endocarditis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Campylobacter pylori and the gastric mucosa. Apropos of the detection of Campylobacter pylori in 12 patients with gastric mucosa lesions].

The authors report the results of systematic research on Campylobacter pylori during high endoscopy. Of the 60 patients examined, 12 were found to have the germ in their antral, gastric mucosa. All these patients had a history of chronic gastritis. They recall the role of this germ in creating chronic gastritis, and evoke the hypothesis that the mucosa becomes fragile facilitating the appearance of an ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Hospital epidemic of Clostridium difficile diarrhea: demonstration of cross-infection using a typing technic].

Two hospital outbreaks of Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in two general surgery units of different hospitals are described. Moreover, the results of a study on the circulation of C. difficile in a neurosurgery unit following two cases of colitis are reported. C. difficile strains isolated from patients and environment have been typed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and electrophoretic profiles of EDTA-extracted proteins. The majority of strains isolated in each hospital shared the same protein profile and the same pattern of antibiotic susceptibility. This provides strong evidence of cross-infection and hospital acquisition of C. difficile.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1989

[Acute and long-term effects of captopril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and dilatation: evaluation of function and work capacity].

To assess acute hemodynamic effects and exercise capacity of an intravenously administered single dose of captopril and to compare the acute response with chronic variation in hemodynamic and functional parameters after long-term oral administration, (in order to determine the profile of responders and non-responders) we studied 12 patients with chronic congestive heart failure due to primary dilated cardiomyopathy (11 pts) and ischemic heart disease (1 pt). Hemodynamic response was assessed using transthoracic electric impedance with cardiac output measurement. The exercise capacity was determined using multistage bicycle ergometer symptoms limited stress test. The hemodynamic and functional evaluation--resting cardiac output, exercise capacity (Ex. Dur.) and cardiac output rise at maximum workload (% CO)--were investigated at first as a control; after i.v. captopril administered in 10 min (25 mg) (acute); after captopril per os (25-75 mg for 30 days) (chronic) and after 5 days of withdrawal (wash out). (Table: see text). Improvement of left ventricular performance mainly during exercise after acute and chronic administration of captopril occurred, as evidenced from cardiac output increase at maximum work load, and rise of exercise duration. Moreover, our data suggest that captopril may have a sustained beneficial effect, for a few days, even after drug withdrawal. Nevertheless, the lack of correlation in single cases between acute and chronic response, also indicates that captopril deserves further study to determine its role in acute and/or chronic management of congestive heart failure in order to choose the ideal strategy.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

An extensive search for RFLP in the human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase locus has revealed a silent mutation in the coding sequence.

The genetic polymorphism of an approximately 100-kb DNA region comprising and flanking the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene on human chromosome Xq28 has been analyzed in detail. By using 14 unique sequence probes and 18 restriction enzymes, we have characterized 257 restriction fragments or 370 restriction sites. On testing 12-57 individual X chromosomes, all sites but one were nonpolymorphic. However, a PstI site that maps to exon 10 of the G6PD gene, which is still monomorphic in all British and Italian subjects tested, is polymorphic in west-African people. Specifically, it is absent from 22% of Nigerian X chromosomes. By sequence analysis we have shown that the absence of this PstI site results from a G----A replacement at position 1116, corresponding to the third base of a glutamine codon; no amino acid change is produced in the protein. Thus, a polymorphic silent mutation is demonstrated in a human gene.

DNA Restriction Enzymes↗
PubMed1988

An up-dating on oncologic colpocytology.

The mortality rate from cervical cancer has notably decreased above all in those places where aggressive Papanicolaou smear screening programmes have taken place. In other countries, where an organized screening programme has not taken place, there has been an increase in mortality from cervical carcinoma. Beyond the global effectiveness of cervical screening, the problem today is in the choice of women to be screened and the frequency of tests in women who have had previous negative results. In today's sexually permissive society many women are at risk for developing cervical cancer: therefore screening policies will need to be constantly reviewed to recruit, in the immediate future, most women into a screening programme (especially those between 35 and 65 who have never been screened). With regard to the problems of screening frequency, the annual interval would seem more adapted to today's society both because it has now become a habit for many women, and just because so many women are at risk. Centrally organized screening programmes, diffusion of colposcopy, improved clinical follow-up of patients (in case of abnormal cytologic and colposcopic findings) will undoubtedly contribute to better prevention.

Adolescent↗