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Biomedical subjects

G Gauthier

Publications and source records attributed to G Gauthier.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Bromocriptine combined with levodopa in Parkinson's disease.

Bromocriptine (Parlodel) was given for 2 years to 17 parkinsonian patients showing inadequate response to treatment over a mean of 7 years with levodopa combined with a decarboxylase inhibitor. 11 of the patients had developed dyskinesia and 13 the on-off phenomenon during levodopa therapy. When the dose of bromocriptine reached 30 mg daily, after 4 weeks' treatment, a highly significant improvement (p less than 0.001) was observed in the following six variables: bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, feeding, dressing and speech. These improvements have now been maintained for 2 years. The on-off phenomenon disappeared in 9 out of 13 patients. Side effects were mild and transient. Involuntary movements existing prior to bromocriptine administration were improved by reducing the dose of levodopa. The mean daily dose--after progressive and individual adjustment--was 46 mg bromocriptine combined with 435 mg levodopa plus decarboxylase inhibitor.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Pupil cycle induction test: a way of evaluating the pupillary light reflex.

The Pupil Cycle Induction Test (PCIT) described here is a simple and sensitive clinical method for the evaluation of afferent pupillary defect. It assesses the difficulty in setting up regular and sustained light-induced pupil oscillations, in contrast to methods assessing the light reflex by timing the oscillations. PCIT was applied to 186 presumably normal eyes (with normal visual acuity and normal fundi). In ten eyes, sustained oscillations could not be induced; further investigation showed that four of these eyes had altered visual-evoked response. The test was also carried out in 34 patients suffering from anterior visual pathway disorders. Sustained pupil oscillations could not be set up in 44 out of the 57 affected eyes. In the present series, significant alteration of light-induced pupil oscillations has been observed in several patterns: (1) immediate alteration; (2) delayed interruption of oscillations without spontaneous recovery, and (3) intermittent periods with oscillations of relatively small amplitude lasting more than three pupil cycles. PCIT assesses changes in light threshold for pupil response. It is suggested that delayed and transient alterations of oscillations are related to time-dependent afferent pupil defects similar to intermittent abnormalities of visual function reported in patients with diseases of the optic nerve or the chiasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Influence of central depressant drugs on pupil function: an evaluation with the pupil cycle induction test.

Afferent pupillary defect is an early sign of optic nerve or chiasm disease. It can be evaluated by the Pupil Cycle Induction Test (PCIT) which assesses the difficulty in setting up regular and sustained pupil oscillations. PCIT was carried out in 30 subjects with presumably normal visual function (normal visual acuity and normal fundi) and taking benzodiazepines and/or barbiturates. In 42 out of the 60 tested eyes, response to PCIT was altered. This emphasizes the necessity of a detailed drug-taking history when investigating anterior visual pathways by means of pupil function, especially when one considers the extensive use of central nervous system depressant drugs by the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Measures of regional cerebral blood deficit by inhalation of xenon 133: clinical applications].

Multiple measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after 133 xenon inhalation allowed us to compare results obtained during different forms of migraine and during transient ischaemic attacks, as opposed to a group of normal controls. In normal healthy volunteers (N = 65) classified in decades, there is a stepwise reduction in cortical blood flow (F1) with advancing age (r = .97, p < .0001). The reduction in the slow component of blood flow (F2 congruent to white matter flow) is not significant. In common and classical form of migraine (N = 23)F1 is signifcantly increased during the cephalalgic phase and during the two consectuvie days (p < .01). On the contrary, in accompanied migraine (N = 17), F1 is significantly decreased during the first four days (p < .001) and to a lesser extent from the 4th to the 10th day (N = 5; p < .05). In transient ischaemic attacks (T.I.A.; N = 12) F1 is significantly increased until three weeks after the attack (p < .01). The differences in rCBF in accompanied migraine versus T.I.A. appears to help in the differential diagnosis of clinically difficult cases.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1979

Increased frequency of HLA--DRw2 and DRw3 in multiple sclerosis.

Previous studies of multiple sclerosis patients showed the existence of a positive association between multiple sclerosis and HLA--A3 and --B7, as well as a negative association with B12. These observations have been confirmed. In addition, a more marked association has been observed with two recently identified B-cell antigens, DRw2 and DRw3, closely related to the HLA--D locus. The presence of cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies was found to bear no relationship with those two specificities. These results suggest that two genes of the HLA--DR region may play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

Epitopes↗
PubMed1978

[Visual evoked potentials in patients suspected of multiple sclerosis].

23 patients with symptoms suggestive of multiple sclerosis were examined with regard to the responses evoked by low frequency flash and also by flicker stimulation. The results obtained by flicker were compared with those reported on the responses evoked by different visual stimuli. The survey of the three parameters of analysis of the visual-evoked responses showed a very high proportion of pathological values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[So-called internuclear ophthalmoplegias. Electro-oculographic study].

A study is presented of three patients suffering from internuclear ophthalmoplegia without diplopia. The components of the nystagmus and the dysmetry of the oculomotor changes, as well as the difference in the respective speeds during abduction and adduction toward the side opposite to the lesion were recorded. A dysmetric component was found in the saccadic low amplitude movements (reading movements).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[HLA-DRW antigens and multiple sclerosis].

Previous studies of multiple sclerosis patients showed the existence of a positive association between multiple sclerosis and HLA-A3 and B7, as well as a negative association with B12, These observations have been confirmed. In addition, a more marked association has been observed with two recently identified B-cell antigens, DRW2 and DRW3, closely related to HLA-D locus. The presence of cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies was found to bear no relationship with those two specificities. These results suggest that two genes of the HLA-DR region may play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Myoclonic encephalopathy due to bismuth salts. Negative search for an associated toxic element].

Five cases of bismuth associated encephalopathy have been observed in the area of Geneva (Switzerland). Thy typical clinical picture is described and the blood and urinary bismuth levels are analyzed in comparison with a group of patients on bismuth treatment but without encephalopathy. A link is established between these observations and previously reported cases of bismuth toxicity, and also with other toxic encephalopathies. With regard to pathogenesis, two hypotheses are discussed: alkylation of bismuth in vivo, and association with another neurotoxic element. With this in view, the urinary excretion of arsenic, lead and mercury was measured. The results were within normal limits.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Porto-systemic encephalo-myelopathy].

To avoid the dangerous consequences of gastro-intestinal haemorrhages in portal hypertension, portosystemic anastomosis is often performed. These operations unfortunately cause numerous complications among which isolated encephalopathy and encephalo-myelopathy hold pride of place. In spite of their different clinical, biological, therapeutic and anatomo-pathological behaviour, these two complications are undoubtedly the result of a common pathogenesis of which the details are not at present understood. It is, however, known that these involve complex metabolic disorders connected with the direct passage into the caval blood of products from the gut (ammonia, false neurotransmitters, ...). Experiments with rats have shown development of type II Alzheimer glia in the cerebellum after portocaval anastomosis; so far, spinal lesions have not been reproduced (10-76). In conclusion, it must be recognized that, as Lucien Leger (39) wrote, "by creating a new physiopathology, portal decompression raises as many questions as it solves."

Adult↗