Evaluation of an IgM antibody capture enzyme immunoassay Captia Syphilis-M in treated and untreated syphilis.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
G Gauthier
Publications and source records attributed to G Gauthier.
[EEG recordings in 19 cases of AIDS with encephalic involvement].
Between 1983 and 1987, 19 patients presenting with encephalic involvement of AIDS had an EEG recording during the early neurological examination. In 8 patients, EEGs were repeated 1 to 11 times during the course of the disease. All recordings were abnormal. A good EEG correlation existed with clinical, virological and bacteriological (SF), radiological, and histological data (10 cases). EEG recordings are useful to study the encephalic pathology of AIDS, not only for its secondary, but even more for its primary involvement.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Carotid endarterectomy: an intervention not without risk].
The authors report the result of 141 carotid endarterectomies, 6 of which were done for total occlusion, performed on 128 patients (97 men and 31 women). Mortality was 4.9%, decreasing to 2.9% after a more rigorous selection of the patients. Morbidity was 11.3% without evolution along the years and local complications were 12%. 83 patients were controlled with ultrasounds from 12 to 123 months after operation (mean delay: 50.6 months). There were 15% of more than 50% restenosis and 7.6% of occlusions. These results are compared with those of literature. They make the necessity of endarterectomy very controversial. At the moment, as long as the results of randomised multicenter studies are not known, each case must be thought of very cautiously before deciding any operation.
Adult↗
[Carotid endarterectomy: long-term ultrasonic evaluation].
Among 128 patients operated for atherosclerosis of the internal carotid artery, 83 (59 males, 24 females, mean age 64 years) were controlled by Doppler ultrasonography, spectral analysis and Duplex. They had been submitted to 86 endarterectomies and 5 operations for total occlusion. In 23 cases, the stenosis was asymptomatic. The delay between operation and control varied between 12 and 123 months (mean follow-up: 50.6 months). 75 patients remained asymptomatic, whereas 8 suffered TIAS. Ultrasound examinations revealed 57 normal arteries or with thickened walls (62.6 p. 100), 9 stenoses less than 50 p. 100 (10 p. 100), 14 stenoses more than 50 p. 100 (15 p. 100) among which 8 were reoperated and 11 occlusions (4 failures of desocclusion and 7 postoperative occlusions: 7.6 p. 100). Recurrent stenoses occurred more frequently in females, mean age lower than in the whole group, as has been already reported. They determined minor symptomatology (vertebro-basilar insufficiency in 2 cases, TIA in 1 case). Three postoperative occlusions were acute and gave rise to a severe neurological deficit, whereas the other ones remained generally asymptomatic. These results are compared to reported series. Ultrasonography is a technique of choice to follow endarterectomised patients. The high rate of recurrent stenoses after endarterectomy raises questions about endarterectomy.
Adult↗
[Confusional states of epileptic origin. Value of emergency EEG].
Fifty-two patients having suffered 60 episodes of non convulsive Status Epilepticus (SE) proven by electroencephalography between 1976 and 1986 are reported. According to electroclinical criteria, these SE were classified into three groups: Petit Mal Status (PM St), Psychomotor Status (Ps M St) and Frontal Polar Status (F St). The exact diagnosis could not be accurately established by the clinical examination alone. It required the analysis of the ictal EEG. However, some clinical signs might suggest the correct diagnosis. Thus, a fluctuating confusional state associated with myoclonus suggested a PM St. A state of confusion with alteration of the emotional sphere evoked especially a Ps M St. A confusional state associated with behavioural disorders of euphoric type and to programmation difficulties was seen mainly in F St.
Adult↗
[Acute idiopathic orbital myositis].
Idiopathic acute orbital myositis is a subgroup of inflammatory orbital pseudotumor. The case of a 35 year-old woman who suffered a left ocular pain with eyelid swelling, conjunctival hyperemia and limitation of abduction of the left eye is reported. CT showed an enlargement of the left medial rectus muscle enhanced with contrast. The pathogenesis remained obscure. The evolution was favourable with corticosteroids.
Acute Disease↗
[The harnessing syndrome of the plantar flexors].
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Foot Diseases↗
[Successive spontaneous dissecting hematomas of both internal carotid arteries with a 3 1/2-year interval between them].
A case of spontaneous dissection of both internal carotid arteries is reported. There was an interval of 3 years and a half between the two dissections. The patient was a 33 year-old female, taking no contraceptives. Among possible favouring factors there was a kinking of both internal carotid arteries at the Cl level and the patient was submitted to cervical manipulations 2 weeks before the second dissection. The usefulness of Doppler ultrasonography to detect and follow the evolution of such lesions is emphasized.
Adult↗
[Pulsatile tinnitus and arteriovenous fistulas of the dura mater].
A series of 12 patients with angiographically proven arteriovenous fistula of the dura mater are reported. This condition is more common than might be supposed and should be considered whenever a patient complains of pulsatile tinnitus accompanied by an auscultatory bruit. Doppler sonography is the noninvasive method of choice in arriving at a precise diagnosis and guiding neurological and radiological investigations towards selective angiography of the external carotid artery, the only technique which will reveal the origin of the pedicles. Doppler sonography is also very useful in monitoring the course of the untreated disease and its postoperative course. Although these fistulae may remain asymptomatic for a long time, depending upon their drainage and localization, they may give rise to serious complications, in particular haemorrhage, which render in general surgical treatment desirable. With regard to pathogenesis, the fistulae may be congenital, but are most frequently acquired.
Adult↗
[Ultrasonic studies and indications for angiography. Comparative study of 547 carotid arteries].
A correlation between continuous-wave Doppler sonography of 547 extracranial internal carotid arteries and angiography was established. Results were similar to those published until now: occlusions and high-grade stenoses (greater than 50%) were detected in more than 90% of the cases, whereas low-grade stenoses (less than 50%) and atheromatous plaques were detected only in 48% of the cases. In a few cases, it was difficult to distinguish total occlusion from subocclusion. As for small lesions, the results should be improved with the use of Doppler signal spectrum analysis. 87 internal carotid arteries were also examined with high resolution real-time B-mode imaging combined with pulsed Doppler (duplex system). With the exception of 10 bad quality examinations (11,4%), duplex was a very good method for the detection of every extracranial atheromatous pathology, above all for atheromatous plaques. The complementarity of conventional continuous-wave Doppler and duplex is emphasized. Whether it is possible to detect carotid artery ulcerations with real-time B-mode imaging is still a subject of controversy. Comparison between B-mode imaging and anatomopathology is discussed, with the hope that it will perhaps become possible to distinguish dangerous, embolising plaques. Ultrasound techniques are the best non-invasive ones to follow endarterectomised patients. Stenosis recurrency is probably more frequent than was thought before. Finally, the authors expose their own attitude as for the role of ultrasound in the investigation of cerebrovascular disease.
Adolescent↗
[Spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. General review of 205 published cases with 10 personal cases].
Spontaneous dissecting aneurysms of the internal carotid artery occur almost exclusively in the extracranial segment of the artery. The incidence is higher among males and the average age is relatively low (mean: 45 years). The existence of a lesion involving the wall of the carotid artery must be considered in the patient presenting with atypical facial neuralgia or incomplete but painful Horner's syndrome which may or may not be associated with a controlateral neurological deficit. Spontaneous dissecting aneurysms of the internal carotid artery cannot be diagnosed on the basis of a single angiogram. Definite diagnosis requires repeated ultrasonography and/or angiography. Spontaneous recanalization justifies the use of medical therapy (anticoagulant or antiplatelet aggregation therapy) in preference to surgical intervention.
Aortic Dissection↗
[Spontaneous regression of a dura mater arteriovenous fistula of the posterior fossa].
A case of spontaneous regression of a posterior fossa dural arteriovenous malformation supplied by the left external carotid artery is reported. The patient, a 68-year-old woman, complained of pulsatile tinnitus most important at night. Two years after the malformation discovery, she presented a transient ischemic attack in the left middle cerebral artery territory. A new angiography showed that the malformation had disappeared; the left transverse sinus could not be opacified. The authors emphasise the interest of Doppler sonography for detection and follow-up of such malformations. They review the few published similar cases and discuss the different possible closure mechanisms of intracranial arteriovenous malformations.
Aged↗
[Contribution of ultrasonic examinations to the detection of a posttraumatic vertebral arteriovenous fistula].
A case of extracranial vertebral arteriovenous fistula is reported. The patient was a 26 year-old female who had been submitted to a direct transcutaneous vertebral angiography 20 years before and had a noise in the neck discovered per chance during a clinical examination. Ultrasound usefulness to detect and to follow the evolution of such fistulas is emphasized. Clinical features and treatment are discussed.
Adult↗
[178 silicone elastomer monobloc prostheses of the forefoot. Results at the 5th year].
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Follow-Up Studies↗
[Bilateral meningiomas of the optic nerves associated with partial unilateral Duane's syndrome].
A 34 years old man, with right eye blindness since childhood, presented with a decreased vision of the left eye 28 years later. Apart from bilateral papillary atrophy, right blindness and decreased left visual acuity, neuro-ophthalmological examination revealed a partial Duane's retraction syndrome on the right. Optic canal X-rays and cerebral CT-Scan revealed calcified meningiomas of both optic nerves. The diagnosis was confirmed at surgery. Cases of bilateral optic nerve meningioma are reviewed. The difficulties of diagnosis, the usefulness of the CT-Scan, the poor prognosis of the disease, even with surgery and radiotherapy are considered. No explanation was found for the association of the tumors with Duane's retraction syndrome.
Adult↗
[School-hospital: the Tower of Babel].
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Curriculum↗
Sustained blepharoclonus upon eye closure.
A unique case of sustained, rhythmical contractions of both orbicularis oculi induced by voluntary eye closure is described. It was observed in a 25-year-old man who had suffered a severe head trauma. The lid phenomenon was synchronous with macro square-wave jerks. Sustained blepharoclonus upon eye closure is likely to be related to dysfunction in the cerebellar system.
Adult↗
[The dorso-mesencephalic syndrome. Electrooculographic study of 2 clinical cases].
Electro-oculographic recordings of horizontal eye movements in two patients with dorso-mesencephalic lesions are analysed. Tracings shows essentially: (A) dysconjugate glissadic dysmetria, with adduction overshoot and abduction undershoot, and (B) instability of ocular fixation. Fixation instability consists of bursts of 2 or 3 bilateral to-and-fro eye movements, of 4 degree or less amplitude. During a burst there is no evident latency between successive ocular movements. Bursts often appear following horizontal refixation saccades, and are then repeated once or twice with regular intervals. In one patient, fixation instability phases are more often elicited by saccades to the right than to the left. The typical occurrence of fixation instability after the fast phase of optokinetic nystagmus is described. The alteration of ocular fixation described in our patients belongs to the general group of "saccadic intrusions" as defined by Daroff et al. (1977). Resemblance with "lightning eye movements" (Atkin and Bender, 1964) and "opposed adducting saccades" in the Sylvian aqueduct syndrome (Ochs et al., 1979) is discussed.
Adolescent↗