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Biomedical subjects

G Gardos

Publications and source records attributed to G Gardos.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Withdrawal syndromes associated with antipsychotic drugs.

Withdrawal symptoms frequently follow abrupt discontinuation of antipsychotic compounds. In addition to other somatic symptoms, withdrawal-emergent dyskinesias may be observed. "Covert dyskinesia" refers to a masked form of tardive dyskinesia that becomes clinically detectable only after antipsychotic drugs are withdrawn or their dosage is reduced. Withdrawal dyskinesia appears under similar circumstances but disappears spontaneously in 6 to 12 weeks. Cholinergic overactivity and changes in dopamine-acetylcholine balance in the basal ganglia may underlie these withdrawal syndromes. The principal value of the concept of covert dyskinesia is in the secondary and tertiary prevention of tardive dyskinesia through early discovery and treatment.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

Doxepin or diazepam for anxious and anxious-depressed outpatients?

A six-week double blind comparison of doxepin and diazepam in the treatment of 61 anxious outpatients showed few drug differences. Diazepam treated patients improved significantly more early in the trial, according to a few measures. They also had significantly fewer complaints of drowsiness. By six weeks, the medicines appeared roughly equal in efficacy. Practically no support was found for the position that doxepin may be more beneficial for anxious-depressive syndromes. In all patients, and also within the anxious-depressive subgroup, there were small mean differences on many criteria favoring doxepin at six weeks, but none reached significance. The doxepin group gained significantly more weight. Possible biasing influences were present requiring that the results be interpreted with particular caution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The assessment of tardive dyskinesia.

Available assessment methods for tardive dyskinesia were reviewed under three headings: instrumentation, frequency counts, and rating scales. The more objective methods have better reliability but less certain validity, while for the clinical assessment techniques the converse tends to be true. The optimat assessment method for a given study depends on the research question asked. For most studies, the combination of one of the objective techniques with a rating method may be ideal. Research on prevalence and etiological factors would benefit from one of the multi-item rating scales, while in treatment studies a global scale may be necessary. Videotapes are invaluable for educational purposes and for training raters.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1977

Weight reduction in schizophrenics by molindone.

The weight-reducing property of molindone, a recently introduced antipsychotic drug, was tested in 9 hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients. There was an average weight loss of 7.6 kg after 3 months on molindone; most of the loss occurred during the first month. The mechanism producing this weight loss is uncertain, but a central anorexigenic effect may be an important factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Maintenance antipsychotic therapy: is the cure worse than the disease?

The serious long-term complications of maintenance antipsychotic therapy led the authors to undertake a critical review of outpatient withdrawal studies. Key findings included the following: 1) for a least 40% of outpatient schizophrenics, drugs seem to be essential for survival in the community; 2) the majority of patients who relapse after drug withdrawal recompensate fairly rapidly upon reinstitution of antipsychotic drug therapy; 3) placebo survivors seem to function as well as drug survivors--thus the benefit of maintenance drug therapy appears to be prevention of relapse; and 4) some cases of early relapse after drug withdrawal may be due to dyskinesia rather than psychotic decompensation. The authors urge clinicians to evaluate each patient on maintenance antipsychotic therapy in terms of feasibility of drug withdrawal and offer practical guidelines for withdrawal and subsequent management.

Antipsychotic Agents↗