Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Gamsu

Publications and source records attributed to G Gamsu.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Structure and function in tracheal stenosis.

The mechanism of airflow obstruction was investigated in 21 patients with tracheal stenosis using tantalung tracheograms and pulmonary function studies, including flow-volume (FV) loops. In 4 patients with severe obstructive pulmonary disease, FV loops failed to demonstrate radiographically visible tracheal stenosis. In 17 patients, both FV loops and tracheograms demonstrated central airway obstruction. In three of the 17 patients, the stenotic segment was a rigid lesion at the thoracic outlet with similar limitation of inspiratory and expiratory flow. In nine of the 17 patients, the lesion was extrathoracic (rigid in 6 patients and pliable in 3). The 3 pliable extrathoracic lesions produced marked limitation of inspiratory flow but normal expiratory flow. Three rigid extrathoracic lesions produced inspiratory flow that was more limited than expiratory flow, suggesting dynamic inspiratory compression of the normal extrathoracic trachea. The one rigid intrathoracic lesion caused expiratory flow limitation greater than inspiratory flow limitation, suggesting dynamic compression of the intrathoracic trachea on expiration. The position of the obstructing lesion and dynamic compression of the normal, compliant trachea may be the major determinants of the difference in flow limitation between expiration and inspiration in some patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Postoperative mediastinal masses. Report of two cases.

A mediastinal mass can mimic the presence of cardiovascular disease by simulating cardiac or vascular enlargement on chest radiographs, or by compressing the heart or great vessels with resulting symptoms or signs. This problem of misdiagnosis is particularly acute in patients with prior cardiac surgery for repair of congenital heart lesions. Two such cases are reported. In addition tosimulating cardiac disease, at least one, and perhaps both, were related to prior mediastinal surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Thoracic manifestations of aspergillosis.

The fungus Aspergillus can cause a variety of pulmonary disorders. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is characterized by eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrates, bronchiectasis and bronchial mucus plugs, and can progress to chronic pulmonary fibrosis. There are four additional variant forms of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, which may or may not be associated with aspergillus hypersensitivity. They are mucoid impaction of bronchi, pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia, bronchocentric granulomatosis, and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Intracavitary aspergilloma (mycetoma, or fungus ball) is a noninvasive Aspergillus colonization of virtually any type of preexisting pulmonary cavity or cystic space. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious, usually fatal infection in patients being treated with immunosuppressions or who have chronic (malignant or nonmalignant) debilitating disease. Diagnosis of Aspergillus-caused pulmonary disorders is based on a combination of clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings, all of which should be known to the radiologist.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1980

Multiple, thin-walled cystic lesions of the lung.

A variety of diseases produces or mimics multiple, thin-walled, air-containing cavities or cysts in the lung. Although some causes of this pattern are common (bullous emphysema, multiple pneumatoceles), others are relatively rare (cystic bronchiectasis, histiocytosis X, tracheobronchial papillomatosis, and lucite ball plombage). To some extent, the radiographic features of these lesions allow their differentiation, but differential diagnosis can be difficult. This paper reviews their principal features.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Computed tomography of pulmonary embolism.

Computed tomography (CT) can provide a noninvasive alternative to pulmonary arteriography for pulmonary embolism in selected circumstances. Three cases that demonstrate the technique and initial clinical experience are reported. Illustrated are: (1) CT detection of massive central pulmonary thromboembolism in a critically ill girl in whom the risk of complications from pulmonary arteriography was considered especially high; (2) the use of CT for serial examinations for follow-up of central thromboembolism, avoiding repeat angiography; and (3) preoperative CT delineation of organized thrombus in the proximal right pulmonary artery, an area not adequately evaluated on selective pulmonary artery injections. CT effectively displayed emboli and thrombi in central pulmonary arteries in each patient. Its application to embolus detection in peripheral arteries was not investigated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Mucociliary clearance in the canine lung during and after general anesthesia.

Central and peripheral pulmonary mucociliary clearance was assessed by tantalum bronchography and serial chest roentgenograms in dogs. Thiopental, 25 mg/kg, did not change clearance from awake values. Halothane 1.2 MAC, for six hours, delayed both central and peripheral clearance by at least three hours. After halothane or diethyl ether, 1.2 MAC, for two hours, recovery of mucociliary clearance was delayed for approximately three and a half hours

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1979

Lung mucociliary clearance after anesthesia with spontaneous and controlled ventilation.

Anesthesia and controlled ventilation for 2 h delays mucociliary clearance from the lung. To elucidate the contribution of controlled ventilation, mucociliary clearance was assessed by tantalum bronchography and serial chest roentgenograms in 6 dogs. After an induction dose of 25 mg of thiopental/kg of body weight, tantalum insufflation, and immediate recovery from anesthesia, 7 +/- 7 per cent of the tantalum remained in peripheral airways at 6 h. This was not significantly different from the 16 +/- 7 per cent remaining at 6 hours when the dogs had breathed humidified air spontaneously through an endotracheal tube during 2 hours of anesthesia with thiopental (total, 40 mg/kg of body weight). However, when ventilation was controlled during 2 h of anesthesia with 40 mg of thiopental/kg, with a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg or 30 ml/kg, and with a partially deflated endotracheal tube cuff, 43 +/- 11 per cent and 48 +/- 9 per cent of the tantalum, respectively, remained in peripheral airways at 6 h. We conclude that peripheral lung mucociliary clearance is delayed by mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal tube, even with an inspiratory air leak, independent of the tidal volume chosen.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1978

The right paratracheal stripe in children.

The width of the right paratracheal stripe (RPS) has been established in normal adults but not in normal children. The thymus and great vessels are relatively larger in children than in adults and could obscure or widen the RPS. We found that obscuration does occur and, therefore, the RPS is less often measurable in children than in adults. Widening by the thymus and great vessels, however, does not occur. The width of the RPS in normal children, 0.5 to 3.0 mm, is slightly less than in adults. From this study of normal children and our subsequent experience with pediatric patients, we conclude that in a child an RPS 4 mm or wider is reliable evidence of disease affecting the trachea, mediastinum, or pleura.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Pulmonary complications of renal transplantation: a survey of patients treated by low-dose immunosuppression.

Sixty-eight episodes of pulmonary complication developed in 52 of 416 renal transplant recipients treated with low-dose immunosuppression. Twenty-four complications were noninfectious (20 were pulmonary edema due to transplant rejection). Forty-four complications were infectious (75% of were wholly bacterial). Nine patients died from their pulmonary complications; 7 had bacterial pneumonia, but other infections were also present in 5. Several patterns were seen radiographically. Cardiomegaly, vascular congestion, and patchy consolidation indicated pulmonary edema. Segmental and labor consolidations were usually bacterial in origin. Large cavitary nodules, small nodules, and generalized consolidation were often due to diseases requiring biopsy for diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Pulmonary hemorrhage is a rare and often fatal manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and enters the differential diagnosis of diffuse lung disease in patients with SLE. Pulmonary hemorrhage results from deposit of immune complexes in the alveolar basement membrane, which in turn damages capillary endothelium. Similar immune-complex deposition is present in the glomerular basement membrane of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and pulmonary hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Chest radiography in intensive care units.

The role chest radiography plays in intensive care units (ICU) is unlike its role elsewhere because in the ICU a patient's underlying disease is usually known. Furthermore, additional diseases that develop in the ICU-such as pneumonia, hemorrhage, edema, lung collapse and effusion-often are radiographically indistinguishable. Nevertheless, an ICU radiograph of the chest is valuable, mainly in identifying such complications as malpositioned intravenous catheters, Swan-Ganz catheters, pacemakers, nasogastric tubes, endotracheal tubes, chest tubes, and mediastinal tubes, and ectopic gas related to mechanical ventilation. Understanding the limitations of the portable ICU chest film in the diagnosis of specific diseases and being alert to possible iatrogenic complications will increase the usefulness of ICU chest radiography.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1977

Thoracic metastasis in malignant melanoma. A radiographic survey of 65 patients.

Sixty-five patients with malignant melanoma metastatic to the thorax were evaluated retrospectively. Chest x-ray films showed abnormalities in 63 patients and provided the first evidence of dissemination in 42 of the 62 with widespread metastasis. Frequent radiographic follow-up evaluations of patients with primary melanoma is necessary to detect metastasis at an early stage. Pulmonary metastasis was seen radiographically in almost 90 percent of the patients. Snowstorm metastasis denotes a poorer prognosis than other patterns of pulmonary involvement. Enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes, bronchial obstruction with atelectasis, pleural effusion, bone metastasis with an extrapleural mass, and cardiomegally were also seen. Follow-up chest x-ray films are of limited value in evaluating patients once they are found to have thoracic metastasis. The rate of growth of metastatic lesions or the regression of the metastasis does not correlate with survival.

Adolescent↗